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男性吸烟状况与颈动脉粥样硬化的剂量-反应关系研究

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中华流行病学杂志 2010年第9期31卷 983-987页

作者：江朝强徐琳林洁明林大庆张维森刘斌靳雅丽郑家强 thomas g.neil 广州市第十二人民医院 510620 香港大学公共卫生学院英国伯明翰大学公共卫生与流行病系

目的探讨男性中老年人吸烟状况与颈动脉粥样硬化的剂量-反应关系.方法从〈广州生物库队列研究--心血管疾病亚队列〉中随机抽取959名≥50岁相对健康的男性中老年人的个人资料与病史、体格检查（包括检测空腹血糖、血脂和血压）及应用... 详细信息

目的探讨男性中老年人吸烟状况与颈动脉粥样硬化的剂量-反应关系.方法从〈广州生物库队列研究--心血管疾病亚队列〉中随机抽取959名≥50岁相对健康的男性中老年人的个人资料与病史、体格检查（包括检测空腹血糖、血脂和血压）及应用彩色多普勒超声测量颈总动脉中-内膜厚度（IMT）及斑块形成.结果（1）不吸烟者占39.1%、已戒烟者为25.7%和现在吸烟者为35.2%.受检者的平均颈动脉中-内膜厚度为0.78（95%CI：0.77～0.79）mm.其中18.4%受检者单侧或双侧颈动脉中-内膜厚度≥1.0 mm,34.1%的受检者检出颈动脉斑块.（2）在调整年龄、教育、体力活动、体重指数、空腹血糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、SBP和DBP等混杂因素后,现在吸烟者较从不吸烟者,颈动脉内膜增厚和斑块形成的危险明显增加（OR=1.82,95%CI：1.30～2.55和OR=1.95,95%CI：1.38～2.75,P值均＜0.001）;颈动脉IMT和斑块形成的危险随每日吸烟量（支/日）、吸烟时间（年）和吸烟总量（包·年）的增加而明显增加（趋势检验P值均≤0.01）.结论广州市中老年男性人群中吸烟显著增加颈动脉粥样硬化的危险,且存在明显的剂量-反应关系.

关键词：吸烟颈动脉粥样硬化剂量-反应关系中老年人

Inhibition of early atherosclerosis by total flavonoids of Astragalus and combination of vitamin E plus C in rabbits with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia

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Inhibition of early atherosclerosis by total flavonoids of A...

广州市中老年人主动脉弓钙化的现患率及其相关特征

第六届全国自由基生物学与自由基医学学术会议和海峡两岸自由基生物学与自由基医学学术会议

作者： Critchley J.A.J.H thomas g neil James A.E Tomlinson Brine Division of Clinical Pharmacology Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Laboratory Animal Services Centres CUHK HK

Antioxidants are hypothesized to help prevent atherosclerosis, in part, by blocking lipoprotein oxidation. We investigated the effect of total flavonoids of Astragalus (TEA) and a combination of vitamin E plus C on atherogensis in high cholesterol-fed rabbits. Seventy-four males New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 5 groups. The rabbits were given either normal chow (A group, n=14) or 1% high cholesterol food (B to E groups, which were either untreated (group B) or receiving vitamin E (400 IU/day) plus vitamins C (500 mg/day) or TFA (60 or 120 mg/day) respectively by gavage, n=15/group) for 12 weeks. The study demonstrated that feeding the high cholesterol diet, as expected, caused a significant increase in total- and LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, aortic fatty streak area and cholesterol content and the ratio of intima to media average thickness. TFA significantly reduced plasma levels of total- (pgnificantly reduce plasma total cholesterol (pglyceride levels (pge thickness (pg the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) (pggesting that TFA and the vitamin combination reduced the development of atherosclerosis by mechanisms in addition to their potent antioxidative activity.

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中华流行病学杂志 2007年第2期28卷 173-176页

作者：江朝强林大庆郑家强殷鹏 thomas g．neil 劳向前张维森刘斌 Paymone Adab 李志斌广州市第十二人民医院 510620 香港大学公共卫生学院 Department of Public Health and Epidemiology University of Birmingham UK

目的研究广州市≥50岁居民主动脉弓钙化（AAC）现患率及其相关特征。方法收集10413名年龄在≥50岁居民的一般资料，体格检查和实验室检查结果；用东芝KSO-15R型X光机拍摄10305名受检者胸部后前位X线平片，由2名高级放射科医师一起进行X... 详细信息

目的研究广州市≥50岁居民主动脉弓钙化（AAC）现患率及其相关特征。方法收集10413名年龄在≥50岁居民的一般资料，体格检查和实验室检查结果；用东芝KSO-15R型X光机拍摄10305名受检者胸部后前位X线平片，由2名高级放射科医师一起进行X线胸片AAC诊断，同时作独立阅片一致性可靠检验（Kappa值）。结果（1）2名高级放射科医师独立阅片对AAC诊断符合率为85．0％，一致性可靠检验Kappa值为0．68（P〈0．001），显示其AAC诊断一致性是可靠的；（2）10305名（男3064，女7349）受检者平均年龄男（640±6．0）岁，女（66．2±5．8）岁，文化程度以中学或以下为主，从事工人和农民职业占一半以上；（3）AAC检出率：为40．6％，女性（41．4％）高于男性（38．6％）；（4）AAC随年龄增加而明显增加（P〈0．001），但与职业无明显相关；（5）AAC主要发生于弓部（98．7％），长度〉10mm（57．6％）、宽度1～4mm（74．0％）占多数，提示≥50岁者AAC程度较为严重。结论广州市≥50岁者AAC检出率为40．6％，明显高于国外相关报道，程度也较严重，其原因及机理正在进一步探讨。

关键词：主动脉弓钙化现患率影像学特征

Comparing four machine learning algorithms for household non-intrusive load monitoring

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 206-219页

作者： thomas Lee Young James gopsill Maria Valero Sindre Eikevåg Ben Hicks University of Bristol UK

The combination of Machine Learning (ML), smart energy meters, and availability of household appliance energy profile data has opened new opportunities for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM). However, the number of options makes it challenging in selecting optimal combinations for different energy applications, which requires studies to examine their *** paper contributes one such study that investigated four established ML approaches – K Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), eXtreme gradient Boosting (XgBoost) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) – and their performance in classifying appliance events from Alternating Current (AC) and Root Mean Square (RMS) energy data where the sampling frequency and training dataset set size was varied (10 Hz–1 kHz and 50–2000 examples per class, respectively). The computational expense during training, testing and storage was also assessed and evaluated with reference to real-world *** CNN classifier trained on AC data at 500 Hz and 11,000 examples gave the best F1-score (0.989) followed by the KNN classifier (0.940). The storage size required by the CNN models was 3̃MB, which is very close to fitting on cost-effective embedded system microcontrollers. This would prevent high-rate data needing to be sent to the cloud as analysis could be performed on edge computing Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices.

关键词： NILM ML Edge computing Signal processing Smart meters

Acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscopy with a large field of view

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 159-167页

作者： geonsoo Jin neil Upreti Joseph Rich Jianping Xia Chenglong Zhao Tony Jun Huang thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA The MITRE Corporation McLeanVA 22102USA

Large-field nanoscale fluorescence imaging is invaluable for many applications,such as imaging subcellular structures,visualizing protein interactions,and high-resolution tissue ***,conventional fluorescence microscopy requires a trade-off between resolution and field of view due to the nature of the optics used to form the *** overcome this barrier,we developed an acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscope that simultaneously achieves superior resolution,a large field of view,and strong fluorescent *** acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscope utilizes the superresolution capabilities of microspheres that are controlled by a programmable acoustofluidic device for rapid fluorescence enhancement and *** acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscope resolves structures that cannot be resolved with conventional fluorescence microscopes with the same objective lens and enhances the fluorescent signal by a factor of~5 without altering the field of view of the *** improved resolution realized with enhanced fluorescent signals and the large field of view achieved via acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscopy provides a powerful tool for versatile nanoscale fluorescence imaging for researchers in the fields of medicine,biology,biophysics,and biomedical engineering.

关键词： field resolution utilize

雷米普利和氯沙坦对动脉粥样硬化早期形成的影响

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军医进修学院学报 2004年第4期25卷 241-243页

作者：汪德清 thomas g neil 丁保国田亚平 Tomlinson Brian James AE Tony 解放军总医院生化科北京100853 香港中文大学解放军总医院胸外科

目的 :研究雷米普利和氯沙坦对动脉粥样硬化 (atherosclerosis,AS)早期形成的影响。方法 :将 4 4只金黄地鼠随机分为 5组 ,分别给常规饲料 (对照组 )、高脂饲料 (含 10 %椰子油和 0 .0 5 %胆固醇 )、高脂饲料加雷米普利 (2mg·kg 1)、... 详细信息

目的 :研究雷米普利和氯沙坦对动脉粥样硬化 (atherosclerosis,AS)早期形成的影响。方法 :将 4 4只金黄地鼠随机分为 5组 ,分别给常规饲料 (对照组 )、高脂饲料 (含 10 %椰子油和 0 .0 5 %胆固醇 )、高脂饲料加雷米普利 (2mg·kg 1)、高脂饲料加氯沙坦 (10mg·kg 1)和高脂饲料加雷米普利 (2mg·kg 1)与氯沙坦 (10mg·kg 1)处理12周 ,测定血压、血脂、AS斑块面积和肝组织中胆固醇含量的变化。结果 :数据表明雷米普利和氯沙坦不论是单独应用还是联合应用均能有效降低平均动脉压 (P <0 .0 0 1)和肝组织中胆固醇的含量 ,雷米普利能显著降低血浆中甘油三酯的水平 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,结果还显示雷米普利与氯沙坦联合应用能提升血浆中高密度脂蛋白 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,各药物处理组的AS斑块面积有不同程度降低但无统计学意义。结论 :雷米普利与氯沙坦具有一定的抑制AS形成作用 ,其机制可能与降低血压和改变脂代谢有关。

关键词：雷米普利氯沙坦动脉粥样硬化早期形成血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂

Theory and classification of mass extinction causation

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 16-36页

作者： thomas J.Algeo Jun Shen State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental geology China University of Geosciences—Wuhan State Key Laboratory of geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences—Wuhan Department of geosciences University of Cincinnati

Theory regarding the causation of mass extinctions is in need of systematization, which is the focus of this contribution. Every mass extinction has both an ultimate cause, i.e. the trigger that leads to various climato-environmental changes, and one or more proximate cause(s), i.e. the specific climato-environmental changes that result in elevated biotic mortality. With regard to ultimate causes, strong cases can be made that bolide(i.e. meteor) impacts, large igneous province(LIP) eruptions and bioevolutionary events have each triggered one or more of the Phanerozoic Big Five mass extinctions, and that tectono-oceanic changes have triggered some second-order extinction events. Apart from bolide impacts, other astronomical triggers(*** flares, gamma bursts and supernova explosions) remain entirely in the realm of speculation. With regard to proximate mechanisms, most extinctions are related to either carbon-release or carbon-burial processes, the former being associated with climatic warming, ocean acidification, reduced marine productivity and lower carbonate δ13C values, and the latter with climatic cooling, increased marine productivity and higher carbonate δ13C values. Environmental parameters such as marine redox conditions and terrestrial weathering intensity do not show consistent relationships with carbon-cycle *** this context, mass extinction causation can be usefully classified using a matrix of ultimate and proximate factors. Among the Big Five mass extinctions, the end-Cretaceous biocrisis is an example of a bolide-triggered carbon-release event, the end-Permian and end-Triassic biocrises are examples of LIP-triggered carbon-release events, and the Late Ordovician and Late Devonian biocrises are examples of bioevolution-triggered carbon-burial events. Whereas the bolide-impact and LIP-eruption mechanisms appear to invariably cause carbon release, bioevolutionary triggers can result in variable carbon-cycle changes, e.g. carbon burial durin

关键词： biocrisis ultimate cause proximate cause bolide large igneous province bioevolutionary event

Development of gradient boosting-assisted machine learning data-driven model for free chlorine residual prediction

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 35-46页

作者： Wiley Helm Shifa Zhong Elliot Reid thomas Igou Yongsheng Chen School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

Chlorine-based disinfection is ubiquitous in conventional drinking water treatment (DWT) and serves to mitigate threats of acute microbial disease caused by pathogens that may be present in source water. An important index of disinfection efficiency is the free chlorine residual (FCR), a regulated disinfection parameter in the US that indirectly measures disinfectant power for prevention of microbial recontamination during DWT and distribution. This work demonstrates how machine learning (ML) can be implemented to improve FCR forecasting when supplied with water quality data from a real, full-scale chlorine disinfection system in georgia, USA. More precisely, a gradient-boosting ML method (CatBoost) was developed from a full year of DWT plant-generated chlorine disinfection data, including water quality parameters (e.g., temperature, turbidity, pH) and operational process data (e.g., flowrates), to predict FCR. Four gradient-boosting models were implemented, with the highest performance achieving a coefficient of determination, R2, of 0.937. Values that provide explanations using Shapley’s additive method were used to interpret the model’s results, uncovering that standard DWT operating parameters, although non-intuitive and theoretically non-causal, vastly improved prediction performance. These results provide a base case for data-driven DWT disinfection supervision and suggest process monitoring methods to provide better information to plant operators for implementation of safe chlorine dosing to maintain optimum FCR.

关键词： Machine learning Data-driven modeling Drinking water treatment Disinfection Chlorination

抗氧化剂对扑热息痛所致肝损伤防护作用的研究

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抗氧化剂对扑热息痛所致肝损伤防护作用的研究