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Attractive but Toxic： Emerging Roles of Glycosidically Bound Volatiles and Glycosyltransferases Involved in Their Formation

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Molecular Plant 2018年第10期11卷 1225-1236页

作者： Chuankui Song Katja Hartl Kate McGraphery thomas hoffmann Wilfried Schwab State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University West Changjiang Road Hefei Anhui 230036 China Biotechnology of Natural Products Technische Universitat Munchen Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1 Freising 85354 Germany

Plants emit an overabundance of volatile compounds, which act in their producers either as appreciated attractants to lure beneficial animals or as repellent toxins to deter pests in a species-specific and concentration-dependent manner. Plants have evolved solutions to provide sufficient volatiles without poisoning themselves. Uridine-diphosphate sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases （UGTs） acting on vola-tiles is one important part of this sophisticated system, which balances the levels of bioactive metabolites and prepares them for cellular and long-distance transport and storage but enables the remobilization of disarmed toxins for the benefit of plant protection. This review provides an overview of the research history of glycosidically bound volatiles （GBVs）, a relatively new group of plant secondary metabolites, and discusses the role of UGTs in the production of GBVs for plant protection.

关键词： glycosyltransferases terpenoids volatiles plant protection transport storage

The Strawberry Fruit Fra a Allergen Functions in Flavonoid Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2010年第1期3卷 113-124页

作者： Cristina Munoz thomas hoffmann Nieves Medina Escobar Felix Ludemann Miguel A. Botella Victoriano Valpuesta Wilfried Schwab Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Bioquimica Universidad de Malaga 29071 Malaga Spain Biomolecular Food Technology Technische Universit~t M0nchen Hochfeldweg 1 85354 Freising Germany

The strawberry Fra a I allergen is a homolog of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. It is synthesized by red ripe fruits of Fragaria x ananassa while white fruits of a mutant genotype, which is known to be tolerated by individuals affected by allergy, are devoid of it. Proteomic analyses have shown that Fra a 1 is down-regulated in the tolerated white- fruited genotype along with enzymes of the anthocyanin pigment pathway. In this study, we report the spatial and tem- poral expression of three Fra a genes that encode different isoforms, and the transient RNAi-mediated silencing of the Fra a genes in strawberry fruits of the red-fruited cultivar Elsanta with an ihpRNA construct. As a consequence of reduced levels of Fra a mRNAs, fruits were obtained that produced significantly decreased levels of anthocyanins and upstream metabolites. This effect is consistent with the parallel down-regulation of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase （FaPAL） and to a lesser extent of the chalcone synthase （FaCHS） transcript levels also found in these fruits. In naturally occurring white- fruited genotypes of F. chiloensis and F. vesca, Fra a transcript levels are higher than those of the red-fruited varieties, likely to compensate for the low expression levels of FaPAL and FaCHS in these mutant genotypes. The results demonstrate that Fra a expression is directly linked to flavonoid biosynthesis and show that the Fra a allergen has an essential biological function in pigment formation in strawberry fruit.

关键词： Fragaria flavonoid anthocyanin phenylpropanoid allergen pathogenesis-related proteins.

Attitudes,beliefs,behaviours and perspectives on barriers and enablers of Australian general practitioners towards non-drug interventions:a national survey

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第1期12卷 1-8页

作者： Loai Albarqouni Hannah Greenwood Caroline Dowsett Tammy hoffmann Rae thomas Paul Glasziou Institute for Evidence-based Healthcare Faculty of Health Sciences&MedicineBond UniversityRobinaQueenslandAustralia Tropical Australian Academic Health Centre TownsvilleQueenslandAustralia

Background Many guidelines recommend non-drug interventions(NDIs)for managing common conditions in primary ***,compared with drug interventions,NDIs are less widely known,promoted and *** aim to(1)examine general practitioners’(GPs’)knowledge,attitudes and practices for NDIs,including their use of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners(RACGP)Handbook of Non-Drug Interventions(HANDI),and(2)identify factors influencing their use of NDIs and *** We conducted a web-based cross-sectional survey of practicing GP members in Australia during October-November *** survey contained five sections:characteristics of GP;knowledge and use of NDIs;attitudes towards NDIs;barriers and enablers to using HANDI;and suggestions of NDIs and ideas to improve the uptake of NDIs in primary *** Of the 366 GPs who completed the survey,242(66%)were female,and 248(74%)were≥45 years *** in three GPs reported that they regularly(‘always’)recommend NDIs to their patients when appropriate(34%),whereas one-third of GPs were unaware of HANDI(39%).GPs identified several factors that improve the uptake of HANDI,including‘access and integration of HANDI in clinical practice’,‘content and support to use in practice’and‘awareness and training’.Conclusions While many GPs are aware of the effectiveness of NDIs and often endorse their use,obstacles still prevent widespread adoption in primary *** results of this survey can serve as a foundation for developing implementation strategies to improve the uptake of effective evidence-based NDIs in primary care.

关键词： enable survey sectional

Subfunctionalization of a monolignol to a phytoalexin glucosyltransferase is accompanied by substrate inhibition

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Plant Communications 2023年第3期4卷 151-170页

作者： Jieren Liao Guangxin Sun Elisabeth Kurze Wieland Steinchen Timothy D.hoffmann Chuankui Song Zhiwei Zou thomas hoffmann Wilfried G.Schwab Biotechnology of Natural Products Technische University at MüunchenLiesel-Beckmann-Str.185354 FreisingGermany Center for Synthetic Microbiology(SYNMIKRO)&Faculty of Chemistry Philipps-University MarburgKarl-von-Frisch-Straße 1435043 MarburgGermany State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural University230036 HefeiAnhuiP.R.China Present address:Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA

Uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases(UGTs)mediate the glycosylation of plant metabolites,thereby altering their physicochemical properties and *** possess numerous UGT genes,with the encoded enzymes often glycosylating multiple substrates and some exhibiting substrate inhibition kinetics,but the biological function and molecular basis of these phenomena are not fully *** promiscuous monolignol/phytoalexin glycosyltransferase NbUGT72AY1 exhibits substrate inhibition(Ki)at 4 mM scopoletin,whereas the highly homologous monolignol StUGT72AY2 is inhibited at 190 *** therefore used hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and structure-based mutational analyses of both proteins and introduced NbUGT72AY1 residues into StUGT72AY2 and vice versa to study promiscuity and substrate inhibition of UGTs.A single F87I and chimeric mutant of NbUGT72AY1 showed significantly reducedscopoletin substrate inhibition,whereas its monolignolgly cosylation activity was almost *** mutations in StUGT72AY2 resulted in increased scopoletin glycosylation,leading to enhanced promiscuity,which was accompanied by substrate *** of 3D structures identified open and closed UGT conformers,allowing visualization of the dynamics of conformational changes that occur during *** postulated substrate access tunnels likely serve as drainage *** results suggest a two-site model in which the second substrate molecule binds near the catalytic site and blocks product *** studies showed that minor changes in amino acid sequence can enhance the promiscuity of the enzyme and add new capabilities such as substrate inhibition without affecting existing *** proposed subfunctionalization mechanism of expanded promiscuity may play a role in enzyme evolution and highlights the importance of promiscuous enzymes in providing new functions.

关键词： glycosyltransferase substrate inhibition hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry protein morphing protein conformer scopoletin

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产生埃博霉素的纤维堆囊菌的分子筛选

厦门大学学报（自然科学版） 2012年第3期51卷 397-401页

作者：欧一新 thomas hoffmann 任闪闪常宁宁吴莹莹苏文金 Rolf Müller 钱晓鸣厦门大学生命科学学院福建厦门361005 萨尔大学药物生物技术系德国萨尔布吕肯66041

为寻找潜在的产生埃博霉素(epothilone)的纤维堆囊菌(Sorangium cellulosum),以埃博霉素生物合成基因簇中的epoA,epoC和epoK基因为探针,分别对60株不同土壤样品来源的纤维堆囊菌的DNA样品进行PCR筛选.筛选结果得到了7株阳性菌株,进一步... 详细信息

为寻找潜在的产生埃博霉素(epothilone)的纤维堆囊菌(Sorangium cellulosum),以埃博霉素生物合成基因簇中的epoA,epoC和epoK基因为探针,分别对60株不同土壤样品来源的纤维堆囊菌的DNA样品进行PCR筛选.筛选结果得到了7株阳性菌株,进一步对其进行发酵和粗提物的HPLC-MS分析,检测结果显示3株菌XMU-Nc-03,XMU-So-64和XMU-So-112能产生埃博霉素B,其中XMU-So-112的产量最高.本实验在筛选产埃博霉素活性菌株的同时,还建立了一个快速可靠的发现埃博霉素产生菌的方法.

关键词：埃博霉素纤维堆囊菌基因筛选 HPLC-MS

Down-regulation of Fra a 1.02 in strawberry fruits causes transcriptomic and metabolic changes compatible with an altered defense response

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 777-789页

作者： Begona Orozco-Navarrete Jina Song Ana Casanal Rosangela Sozzani Victor Flors Jose F.Sanchez-Sevilla Johanna Trinkl thomas hoffmann Catharina Merchante Wilfried Schwab Victoriano Valpuesta Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biotecnologia Vegetal Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea(IHSM)Universidad de Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientificasDepartamento de Biologia Molecular y BioquimicaFacultad de CienciasUMAMalagaSpain Department of Plant and Microbial Biology North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group Plant Physiology SectionDepartment of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio NaturalUniversitat Jaume ICastelloSpain Departamento de Genomica y Biotecnologia IFAPAMalagaSpain Biotechnology of Natural Products Technische Universität MünchenLiesel-Beckmann-Str.185354 FreisingGermany

The strawberry Fra a 1 proteins belong to the class 10 Pathogenesis-Related(PR-10)*** strawberry,a large number of members have been identified,but only a limited number is expressed in the *** this organ,Fra a 1.01 and Fra a 1.02 are the most abundant Fra proteins in the green and red fruits,respectively,however,their function remains *** know the function of Fra a 1.02 we have generated transgenic lines that silence this gene,and performed metabolomics,RNA-Seq,and hormonal *** studies associated Fra a 1.02 to strawberry fruit color,but the analysis of anthocyanins in the ripe fruits showed no diminution in their content in the silenced *** ontology(GO)analysis of the genes differentially expressed indicated that oxidation/reduction was the most represented biological *** state was not apparently altered since no changes were found in ascorbic acid and glutathione(GSH)reduced/oxidized ratio,but GSH content was reduced in the silenced *** addition,a number of glutathione-S-transferases(GST)were down-regulated as result of Fra a *** highly represented GO category was transport which included a number of ABC and MATE *** the regulatory genes differentially expressed WRKY33.1 and WRKY33.2 were down-regulated,which had previously been assigned a role in strawberry plant defense.A reduced expression of the VQ23 gene and a diminished content of the hormones JA,SA,and IAA were also *** data might indicate that Fra a 1.02 participates in the defense against pathogens in the ripe strawberry fruits.

关键词： straw content fruits

Immune-mediated anti-neoplastic effect of intratumoral RSV envelope glycoprotein expression is related to apoptotic death of tumor cells but not to the size of syncytia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第12期14卷 1842-1850页

作者： Dennis hoffmann thomas Grunwald Wibke Bayer Oliver Wildner Ruhr-University Bochum Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene Department of Molecular and Medical Virology Bldg. MA Rm. 6/40 Bochum 44801 Germany

AIM： To promote the development of improved tumor vaccination strategies relying on the intratumoral expression of viral fusogenic membrane proteins, we elucidated whether the size of syncytia or the way tumor cells die has an effect on the therapeutic outcome. METHODS： In two syngeneic subcutaneous murine colon cancer models we assessed the anti-neoplastic effect on vector-treated and contralateral untreated tumors. RESULTS： Intratumoral injection of a replication-defective adenovirus encoding respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein （RSV-F） alone （***-F） or together with the attachment glycoprotein RSV-G （***-F/G） led to a significant growth reduction of the vector-treated and contralateral untreated tumors. The treatment response was associated with a strong tumor-specific CTL response and significantly improved survival with medians of 46 d and 44 d, respectively. Intratumoral injection of Ad,RSV-G or a soluble RSV-F encoding adenovirus （***-Fsol） had no significant anti-neoplastic effect. The median survival of these treabnent groups and of ***-treated control animals was about 30 d. CONCLUSION： Although in vitro transduction of colon cancer cell lines with ***-F/G resulted in about 8-fold larger syncytia than with ***-F, the in vivo outcome was not sig nificantly different, Transduction of murinecolon cancer cell lines with *** or ***-F/G caused apoptotic cell death, in contrast to transduction with ***-G or ***-Fsol, suggesting an importance of the mode of cell death. Overall, these findings provide insight into improved tumor vaccination strategies relying on the intratumoral expression of viral fusogenic membrane proteins.

关键词： Adenoviral vectors Tumor vaccination Fuso-genic membrane protein Colorectal cancer Syngeneictumor model

Derotational osteotomy and internal fixation of a 180°malrotated humerus:A case report

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第10期13卷 940-948页

作者： Katharina Elisabeth Wenning thomas Armin Schildhauer Clifford Barry Jones Martin Franz hoffmann Department of General and Trauma Surgery BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochum 44789Germany Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Creighton Medical School PhoenixPhoenix85012United States

BACKGROUND Humeral shaft fractures are relatively common in *** malalignment is reported as one complication but severe rotational deformity of the humerus is extremely *** our knowledge,only three cases of symptomatic humeral malrotation have been *** are sparse literature reports of humeral reconstruction *** SUMMARY We present a case of extreme rotational deformity of the humerus(180°)after humeral shaft *** patient complained of pain and difficulties with activities of daily *** addition,she found the deformity cosmetically ***,she was searching for surgical *** of the radial nerve followed by derotational osteotomy of the humerus and internal fixation were ***,the patient demonstrated transient iatrogenic radial nerve palsy which recovered completely during postoperative *** Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder,and Hand score improved from 55 preoperatively to 16 at the final 2-year *** Single-stage radial neurolysis,derotational osteotomy and stable fixation is a feasible option to improve anatomic and functional problems of severely malrotated humeral shaft fractures.

关键词： Humerus Malrotation Corrective osteotomy Plate osteosynthesis Radial nerve palsy Case report

Dual and opposing roles of EIN3 reveal a generation conflict during seed growth

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Molecular Plant 2022年第2期15卷 363-371页

作者： Juliane Heydlauff Isil Erbasol Serbes Dieu Vo Yanbo Mao Sonja Gieseking thomas Nakel Theresa Harten Ronny Völz Anja hoffmann Rita GroΒ-Hardt University of Bremen Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen(CBIB)Leobenerstrasse 528359 BremenGermany ZMBP University of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 3272076 TübingenGermany

Seed size critically affects grain yield of crops and hence represents a key breeding *** develop-ment of embryo-nourishing endosperm is a key driver of seed *** here report unexpected dual roles of the transcription factor EIN3 in regulating seed *** EIN3 functions have remained largely undiscovered because they oppose each *** on the analysis of multiple ethylene biosynthesis mutants,we demonstrate that EIN3 represses endosperm and seed development in a pathway regulated by ***,in addition,provide evidence that EIN3-mediated synergid nucleus disintegration promotes endosperm ***,synergid nucleus disintegration is not affected in various ethylene biosynthesis mutants,suggesting that this promoting function of EIN3 is inde-pendent of *** the growth-inhibitory ethylene-dependent EIN3 action appears to be encoded by sporophytic tissue,the growth-promoting role of EIN3 is induced by fertilization,revealing a generation conflict that converges toward the key signaling component EIN3.

关键词： seed size EIN3 ethylene biosynthesis fertilization generation conflict synergid disintegration