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Compression analysis of the gray and white matter of the spinal cord

Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第7期15卷 1344-1349页

作者： Norihiro Nishida Fei Jiang Junji Ohgi Akihiro Tanaka Yasuaki Imajo Hidenori Suzuki Masahiro Funaba takashi sakai Itsuo Sakuramoto Xian Chen Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineYamaguchiJapan Faculty of Engineering Yamaguchi UniversityYamaguchiJapan Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tokuyama CollegeYamaguchiJapan

The spinal cord is composed of gray matter and white matter.It is well known that the properties of these two tissues differ considerably.Spinal diseases often present with symptoms that are caused by spinal cord compression.Understanding the mechanical properties of gray and white matter would allow us to gain a deep understanding of the injuries caused to the spinal cord and provide information on the pathological changes to these distinct tissues in several disorders.Previous studies have reported on the physical properties of gray and white matter,however,these were focused on longitudinal tension tests.Little is known about the differences between gray and white matter in terms of their response to compression.We therefore performed mechanical compression test of the gray and white matter of spinal cords harvested from cows and analyzed the differences between them in response to compression.We conducted compression testing of gray matter and white matter to detect possible differences in the collapse rate.We found that increased compression(especially more than 50%compression)resulted in more severe injuries to both the gray and white matter.The present results on the mechanical differences between gray and white matter in response to compression will be useful when interpreting findings from medical imaging in patients with spinal conditions.

关键词： biomechanical study cervical spondylotic myelopathy collapse rate compression gray matter mechanical properties spinal cord injury white matter

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Effects of sclerostin antibody on bone healing

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第9期12卷 651-659页

作者： Atsushi Mihara Kiminori Yukata Toshihiro Seki Ryuta Iwanaga Norihiro Nishida Kenzo Fujii Yuji Nagao takashi sakai Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbe 755-8505Japan

Promoting bone healing after a fracture has been a frequent subject of research.Recently,sclerostin antibody(Scl-Ab)has been introduced as a new anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis.Scl-Ab activates the canonical Wnt(cWnt)-β-catenin pathway,leading to an increase in bone formation and decrease in bone resorption.Because of its rich osteogenic effects,preclinically,Scl-Ab has shown positive effects on bone healing in rodent models;researchers have reported an increase in bone mass,mechanical strength,histological bone formation,total mineralized callus volume,bone mineral density,neovascularization,proliferating cell nuclear antigen score,and bone morphogenic protein expression at the fracture site after Scl-Ab administration.In addition,in a rat critical-size femoral-defect model,the Scl-Ab-treated group demonstrated a higher bone healing rate.On the other hand,two clinical reports have researched Scl-Ab in bone healing and failed to show positive effects in the femur and tibia.This review discusses why Scl-Ab appears to be effective in animal models of fracture healing and not in clinical cases.

关键词： Canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway Fracture healing Osteoporosis Romosozumab Sclerostin antibody

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Tensile mechanical analysis of anisotropy and velocity dependence of the spinal cord white matter:a biomechanical study

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第12期16卷 2557-2562页

作者： Norihiro Nishida Itsuo Sakuramoto Yoshihiro Fujii Rudolf Yoga Hutama Fei Jiang Junji Ohgi Yasuaki Imajo Hidenori Suzuki Masahiro Funaba Xian Chen takashi sakai Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineMinami-KogushiUbeYamaguchiJapan Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tokuyama CollegeGakuendaiShunanYamaguchiJapan Faculty of Engineering Yamaguchi UniversityTokiwadai UbeYamaguchiJapan

In spinal cord injuries,external forces from various directions occur at various velocities.Therefore,it is important to physically evaluate whether the spinal cord is susceptible to damage and an increase in internal stress for external forces.We hypothesized that the spinal cord has mechanical features that vary under stress depending on the direction and velocity of injury.However,it is difficult to perform experiment because the spinal cord is very soft.There are no reports on the effects of multiple external forces.In this study,we used bovine spinal cord white matter to test and analyze the anisotropy and velocity dependence of the spinal cord.Tensile-vertical,tensile-parallel,shear-vertical,and shear-parallel tests were performed on the white matter in the fibrous direction(cranial to caudal).Strain rate in the experiment was 0.1,1,10,and 100/s.We calculated the Young’s modulus of the spinal cord.Results of the tensile and shear tests revealed that stress tended to increase when external forces were applied parallel to the direction of axon fibers,such as in tensile-vertical and shear-vertical tests.However,external forces those tear against the fibrous direction and vertically,such as in tensile-parallel and shear-parallel tests,were less likely to increase stress even with increased velocity.We found that the spinal cord was prone to external forces,especially in the direction of the fibers,and to be under increased stress levels when the velocity of external forces increased.From these results,we confirmed that the spinal cord has velocity dependence and anisotropy.The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Yamaguchi University waived the requirement for ethical approval.

关键词： anisotropy dependence external force mechanistic analysis spinal cord injury straining rate stress velocity dependence white matter

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Enhancement of Magneto-Optic Effect in Optical Isolator with Semiconductor Guiding Layer by Selective Oxidation of AlInAs

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 179-180页

作者： takashi sakai Yuya Shoji Hideki Yokoi Tetsuya Mizumoto Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 JapanDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 JapanDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 JapanDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan

Selective oxidation of an AlInAs layer was investigated for enhancement of magneto-optic effect in an optical isolator. Twelve times nonreciprocal phase shift enhancement was estimated from a measured AlInAs-oxide ref... 详细信息

关键词： of by with in YIG Figure

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Harmonic Maps and Bi-Harmonic Maps on CR-Manifolds and Foliated Riemannian Manifolds

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2016年第12期4卷 2272-2289页

作者： Shinji Ohno takashi sakai Hajime Urakawa Osaka City University Advanced Mathematical Institute (OCAMI) Osaka Japan Department of Mathematics and Information Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji Japan Institute for International Education Global Learning Center Tohoku University Sendai Japan

This is a survey on our recent works on bi-harmonic maps on CR-manifolds and foliated Riemannian manifolds, and also a research paper on bi-harmonic maps principal G-bundles. We will show, (1) for a complete strictly pseudoconvex CR manifold , every pseudo bi-harmonic isometric immersion into a Riemannian manifold of non-positive curvature, with finite energy and finite bienergy, must be pseudo harmonic;(2) for a smooth foliated map of a complete, possibly non-compact, foliated Riemannian manifold into another foliated Riemannian manifold, of which transversal sectional curvature is non-positive, we will show that if it is transversally bi-harmonic map with the finite energy and finite bienergy, then it is transversally harmonic;(3) we will claim that the similar result holds for principal G-bundle over a Riemannian manifold of negative Ricci curvature.

关键词： Foliation Divergence Theorem Transversally Harmonic Transversally Biharmonic

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Natural history of asymptomatic gallbladder stones in clinic without beds:A long-term prognosis over 10 years

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第1期12卷 42-50页

作者： Yuji sakai Toshio Tsuyuguchi Hiroshi Ohyama Junichiro Kumagai takashi Kaiho Masayuki Ohtsuka Naoya Kato Tadao sakai Department of Gastroenterology Sakai ClinicKimistu 299-1162Japan Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChiba 260-8677Japan Department of Gastroenterology Chiba Prefectural Sawara HospitalChiba Prefectural Sawara HospitalSawara 287-0003Japan Department of Gastroenterology Kimitsu Central HospitalKisarazu 292-8535Japan Department of Surgery Kimitsu Central HospitalKisarazu 292-8535Japan Department of General Surgery Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChiba 260-8677Japan

BACKGROUND Several studies have explored the long-term prognosis of patients with asymp-tomatic gallbladder stones.These reports were primarily conducted in facilities equipped with beds for addressing symptomatic cases.AIM To report the long-term prognosis of patients with asymptomatic gallbladder stones in clinics without bed facilities.METHODS We investigated the prognoses of 237 patients diagnosed with asymptomatic gallbladder stones in clinics without beds between March 2010 and October 2022.When symptoms developed,patients were transferred to hospitals where appropriate treatment was possible.We investigated the asymptomatic and survival periods during the follow-up.RESULTS Among the 237 patients,214(90.3%)remained asymptomatic,with a mean asymptomatic period of 3898.9279±46.871 d(50-4111 d,10.7 years on average).Biliary complications developed in 23 patients(9.7%),with a mean survival period of 4010.0285±31.2788 d(53-4112 d,10.9 years on average).No patient died of biliary complications.CONCLUSION The long-term prognosis of asymptomatic gallbladder stones in clinics without beds was favorable.When the condition became symptomatic,the patients were transferred to hospitals with beds that could address it;thus,no deaths related to biliary complications were reported.This finding suggests that follow-up care in clinics without beds is possible.

关键词： Gallbladder stone Acute cholangitis Acute cholecystitis Asymptomatic gallbladder stone Symptomatic gallbladder stone

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Middle Jurassic spinicaudatan Shizhuestheria from the Sichuan Basin and its ontogenetic implication

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第12期52卷 1962-1968页

作者： HIRANO Hiromichi KOZAI Takeshi sakai takashi Department of Earth Sciences School of Education Waseda University Tokyo 169-8050 Japan Laboratory Geosciences Faculty of Science Naruto University of Education Tokushima 772-8502 Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka 810-8560 Japan

The diagnosis of the Middle Jurassic spinicaudatan genus Shizhuestheria is revised following the re-examination under a scanning electron microscope of a type specimen from Yanxi of Shizhu, and the newly collected specimens from Xintiangou of Chengjiang Town, Beibei, Chongqing. Small-sized reticulations occur not only in the middle-sized reticulations on growth bands on the dorsal side of the carapace, but also on growth bands on the ventral side of the carapace, which have been overlooked in the original description. The shift from wide dorsal growth bands to narrow ventral ones might indicate an onset of sexual maturity, and the transition in biological priorities from rapid juvenile growth to reproductive activities.

关键词： spinicaudatan Middle Jurassic ontogeny biostratigraphy Sichuan Basin

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Artificial oxygen carriers,from nanometer-to micrometer-sized particles,made of hemoglobin composites substituting for red blood cells

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Particuology 2022年第5期20卷 43-55页

作者： takashi Matsuhira Hiromi sakai Department of Chemistry Nara Medical University840 Shijo-choKashihara 634-8521Japan

Blood transfusions are regarded as the most well-known and frequently performed cell transplantations.Although current transfusion systems are sophisticated,they cannot be freed from the inherent difficulties that include infection,short shelf life,and blood type mismatching.Artificial oxygen carriers produced using hemoglobin(Hb)are designated as Hb-based oxygen carriers(HBOCs),which are anticipated for use as biomaterials that have potential to resolve issues of transfusion by a radical paradigm shift.Various HBOCs,nanometer-sized to micrometer-sized bioparticles having an oxygen-carrying function,are developed for use as substitutes for red blood cells(RBCs).This paper presents an overview of the classification of HBOCs with reference to their histories,preparations,structures,functions,and in vitro and in vivo properties.Additionally,we give a more detailed introduction of our academic studies of liposome encapsulated Hb,designated as Hb-vesicles(HbV),which mimic the physiologically important corpuscular structure of RBCs.This review outlines perennial efforts and approaches to mimic RBC functions through chemical,genetic,and encapsulation techniques.It will provide important insights into the eventual realization of an alternative for RBC transfusion.

关键词： Blood substitutes Cross-linking Hemoglobin(Hb)-based oxygen carriers(HBOCs) Liposome Supramolecular assembly Transfusion alternatives

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四川盆地中侏罗世石柱叶肢介及其个体发育暗示

四川盆地中侏罗世石柱叶肢介及其个体发育暗示

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中国古生物学会第十次全国会员代表大会暨第25届学术年会...

作者：李罡 HIRANO Hiromichi KOZAI Takeshi sakai takashi 泮艳红现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所 Department of Earth Sciences School of EducationWaseda University Laboratory Geosciences Faculty of ScienceNaruto University of Education Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Kyushu University

目前叶肢介的分类位置为甲壳纲腮足亚纲双甲目,具有两个几丁质外壳。叶肢介的地质记录可追溯到古生代的泥盆纪。中生代是它的大发展时期,分异度提高,在陆相地层中扮演着地层划分对比的重要角色。到新生代该类动物全面衰退,目前仅存少数... 详细信息

目前叶肢介的分类位置为甲壳纲腮足亚纲双甲目,具有两个几丁质外壳。叶肢介的地质记录可追溯到古生代的泥盆纪。中生代是它的大发展时期,分异度提高,在陆相地层中扮演着地层划分对比的重要角色。到新生代该类动物全面衰退,目前仅存少数种属。本文通过扫描电镜研究重新描述了四川盆地重庆地区中侏罗世的石柱叶肢介(Shizhuestheria)属。该属最早描述于重庆市石柱县沿溪中侏罗统新田沟组。最近通

关键词：叶肢介个体发育中侏罗世四川盆地

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Delayed immune-related sclerosing cholangitis after discontinuation of pembrolizumab:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第28期28卷 3732-3738页

作者： Takeshi Tanaka Arata sakai Masahiro Tsujimae Yasutaka Yamada takashi Kobayashi Atsuhiro Masuda Yuzo Kodama Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe 650-0017HyogoJapan

BACKGROUND Secondary sclerosing cholangitis,characterized by biliary obstruction,can be caused by drugs such as immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).While there a few reports of sclerosing cholangitis after immune checkpoint inhibitor administration,no case has been reported after discontinuation of such drugs.CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old man who underwent chemotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma with bone metastasis presented with abdominal pain and fever 4 mo after the final administration of pembrolizumab.Computed tomography revealed thickening of the gallbladder wall and dilatation of the common bile duct.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed an irregularly narrowed intrahepatic bile duct.Biopsy of the bile duct demonstrated that CD8+T cells were predominant over CD4+T cells.Liver biopsy showed dominant infiltration of CD8+T in the portal tract,but onion-skin lesions were not observed.The patient was diagnosed with immune-related sclerosing cholangitis induced by pembrolizumab.Administration of methylprednisolone and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage were performed,but the cholangiography and laboratory test findings did not improve.No further treatment was administered due to disease progression,and the patient was referred for palliative care.CONCLUSION Immune-related sclerosing cholangitis may have a late onset,and such cases occurring after discontinuation of ICIs should be carefully managed.

关键词： Immune-related adverse events Sclerosing cholangitis Delayed immunerelated events Case report

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