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作者： HENRY t. WEAH JR. 哈尔滨工业大学

学位级别：硕士

银行业对各国经济的经济增长和发展都作出了重大贡献。为了经济快速增长,世界各国都将建立一个高校的银行业看作关键的事务。一个经济体中的银行可以访问和控制大量流通货币供应,从而影响生产能力和生产要素,利比里亚的银行业也不例外... 详细信息

银行业对各国经济的经济增长和发展都作出了重大贡献。为了经济快速增长,世界各国都将建立一个高校的银行业看作关键的事务。一个经济体中的银行可以访问和控制大量流通货币供应,从而影响生产能力和生产要素,利比里亚的银行业也不例外。利比里亚的银行部门在这段时间里已经有了大量不良贷款,这些贷款随后影响了银行的盈利能力。在此背景下,我们评估了2011-2015年利比里亚五家商业银行的盈利效率。我们专注于三个关键的投入和产出变量,并使用这些银行的财务报表信息来测试使用数据的研究假设包络分析(dEA)方法。输入变量为利息支出,人工成本和固定成本,而产出变量为利息收入,非利息收入和流动资产。输入和输出变量描述了决策单元(dMU)的真实世界的特征,尽可能的完整,它只描述了dMU的独立性和排他性的特点之一。由于这一原则,我们排除了随机变量,并清楚地概述了这些研究工作所需的变量。由于其平滑性,各种dMU的数据是不正常的,从而使相同的变数平滑。输入和输出变量的可用性很容易获得,使得数据可以访问。最后,针对其可比性,用相对值代替绝对值来表示变量,便于决策单元(dMU)之间进行比较。我们的研究发现,五家银行中有两家银行在2012年到2015年间效率更高,2011年五家银行中有四家银行效率高。从2011至2015期间对利比里亚商业银行规模效益的数据分析得出的结果表明,在利比里亚的五商业银行中,面向输入和产出的水平以及给定的投入和产出组合如何有效。2015年和2014的规模效率评分表明,银行A和d达到了1的效率点,保持了恒定的规模回报,而其余的银行、b、C和E没有达到1的规模效率分值,而且它们的返回规模都在递减。对于同期、2015和2014的纯技术效率,所有银行在2015年达到1的效率点,而在2014年,除银行E外的所有银行均未达到纯技术效率点。从技术效率上说,银行A和d是从2015年和2014数据的结果中获得的技术效益,其余的银行、b、C和E没有达到技术效率评分。2013年和2012的规模效率评分还表明,银行A和d达到了1的效率点,维持了不断的规模回报,而其余的银行、b、C和E没有达到1的规模效率评分,而且它们的返回规模都在递减。对于同期、2013和2012的纯技术效率,所有的银行在2013年和2012都达到了1的效率点,所有的银行都达到了纯技术效率点。从技术效率上说,银行A和d是从2013年和2012数据的结果中获得的技术效益,其余的银行、b、C和E没有达到技术效率评分。2011期间,银行A、b、d和E达到了效率评分。这些银行都是技术和规模效率。银行C在2011年,没有达到技术效率评分和规模效率评分。对于纯粹的技术效率,所有的银行在2011年没有达到效率评分。根据技术效率的结果,从2012年到2015,银行b、C和d被认为效率低下,而银行C在整个研究期间效率低下,2011至2015,这是由于劳动力过剩或工人过多或使用了过时的资本。这些银行的低效率是由于过度消费的收益导致的,这些银行与投入相比无法控制实现最大产出的成本,而不良贷款对银行的盈利能力产生了负面影响。结果还显示,从研究期间的全部费用中,利息支出、劳务成本和固定成本分别为54.53%,22.71%和19.11%。其他银行的低效率水平是由于这些银行所产生的过度消费而造成的。与产出相比,这些银行无法控制成本达到最大产出。他们还面临着不良贷款的问题,这对收入产生了负面影响。要提高这些银行的收益率,就应该更加注重收益的产生和成本的最小化。它们还应着眼于长期存款,因为它们在特定的竞争性、宏观经济和金融环境中运作,影响到金融服务的价格和银行部门的收入水平。这些银行也应该在净收入和运营成本之间寻找更大的比率,额外的收入基数和其他收费也可以使这些银行更有效率。增加金融服务的竞争可以提高运作效率。最后,他们应该仔细考虑他们发放的贷款的质量。此外,即使资本化和流动性的增加会对盈利能力产生双重影响,但也会有积极的关系存在。显然,资本的银行业也是有利可图的。基于这些研究,我们对这些银行进一步提供建议,这些银行应该更多地关注他们给予客户的贷款,来增加资本化和流动性对盈利能力有双重影响,从而形成积极的关系,因为一个资本充足的银行业也能获得更大的利润。

关键词：银行业收入效率数据包络分析

Effects of Combination of 0.02 wt% sr and ti on the Characteristics of AC4b Alloys Produced by Low Pressure die Casting

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Effects of Combination of 0.02 wt% Sr and Ti on the Characte...

EsCA stUdIEs OF FORMIC ANd ACEtIC ACIds AdsORPtION ANd dECOMPOsItION ON PREOXIdIsEd IRON sURFACE

the 2012 International Conference on Advanced Material and Manufacturing science (ICAMMs 2012)

作者： bondan t.sOFYANa Muhammad A.FALAH dept.Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Indonesia

Aluminium AC4b alloy is widely used in automotive industries for various ***,when this alloy is used to produce motorcycle cylinder head by Low Pressure die Casting（LPdC） process,high reject rate was often found due to shrinkage,porosity and *** of grain refiner and modifier is an alternative for this problem,through the control of solidification process that results in grain refining and microstructure *** study was aimed to investigate the effect of combination of 0.02 wt.%sr modifier with variation of ti grain refiner on the characteristics of AC4b alloy and the reject rate of cylinder head *** ti grain refiner was varied 0.063,0.083 and 0.108 wt.%ti and added at the holding furnace prior to LPdC process.A series of test was conducted including hardness test from the thin and thick regions of the part,tensile test,fluidity test,vacuum test as well as observation of microstructure by using optical microscope and scanning Electron Microscopy（sEM） equipped with Energy dispersive X-Ray Analysis（EdAX）.the results showed that the higher the ti content,the higher the hardness for both thin and thick areas,the lower the fluidity of the molten *** the maximum level of ti of 0.108 wt.%and 0.02 wt.%sr,the reject rate was significantly reduced from 3.59%to 1.38%.

关键词： titanium strontium low pressure die casting modifier grain refinement

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分子催化 1990年第S1期4卷 18-22页

作者： Zhang Zhaolong, Jiang Anbai, C.t. Au and K.R. tsai (department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China)

XPs has been applied to study the interactions of formic and acetic acids with preoxidised iron surfaces. Exposure of the surface to acetic acid at 300 K would result in two Cls peaks of similar intensities at 285.2 eV and 289.0 eV b.E. （binding Energy）. An Ols component with FWHM about 2.2 eV was also observed at 532.0 eV b.E. It was suggested that CHsub>3sub>COOH adsorbed as CHsub>3sub>COO（a） and OH（a） on the surface according to surface acid-base interaction: CHsub>3sub>COOH（g）+Osup>2-sup>（a）（?） CHsub>3sub>COO（a）+OH（a）（1） the above mechanism was strongly supported stoichiometrically, using the Roberts—Carley equation for surface concentration calculations. When a preoxidised iron surface was exposed to formic acid at 300 K, two Cls peaks at 285.6 eV and 289.1 eV b.E. were clearly observed. the Cls peak at 289.1 eV b.E. was attributed to HCOO（a）. Its formation mechanism also belongs to the kind of surface acid-base interaction: HCOOH（g）+Osup>2-sup>（a）（?）HCOO（a）+OH（a）（2） the other Cls peak at 285.6 eV was proposed to be CHsub>xsub>O（a）. It

关键词： sURFACE EsCA adsorbed attributed Roberts clearly exposed belongs acetic spectrometer

用经验格林函数方法模拟汶川M_W7.9地震的强地震动

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世界地震译丛 2018年第1期49卷 35-52页

作者： C.Xia b.M.Zhao M.Horike t.Kagawa 高楠(译) 王超(译) 朱玉萍(校) 中国地震台网中心中国地震局地球物理研究所不详

汶川M_W7.9地震的发生震惊了中国乃至全世界,不仅仅因为该地震震级巨大,还因为其可怕的伤亡。评估汶川M_W7.9地震的复杂性及破坏力需对其地震特征进行研究。本文运用经验格林函数方法(EGF)模拟了地震的强地震动。首先,选取了4个震级为M_... 详细信息

汶川M_W7.9地震的发生震惊了中国乃至全世界,不仅仅因为该地震震级巨大,还因为其可怕的伤亡。评估汶川M_W7.9地震的复杂性及破坏力需对其地震特征进行研究。本文运用经验格林函数方法(EGF)模拟了地震的强地震动。首先,选取了4个震级为M_W4.9和M_W5.0的余震,对这些余震的运动利用格林函数进行了模拟。通过模拟,可以估算出包括断层规模和应力降在内的余震震源参数。然后,通过试错法正演模拟得出M_W7.9地震凹凸体(强震动生成区)的震源模型。为验证该震源模型的准确性,运用经验格林函数方法模拟合成了9个台站的强地震动。将模拟得出的强地震动与观测记录到的加速度波形、速度波形和拟加速度反应谱相比较。尽管有一些差异,但在大部分台站,合成的强地震动与观测记录结果相吻合。在模拟得出的震源模型中,断层面上3个凹凸体的应力降约为10MPa,而凹凸体面积与破裂面积比为0.24,接近经验关系式得出的结果0.22。

关键词：经验格林函数强地震动加速度反应谱格林函数方法模拟合成震源模型地震震级观测记录

外源性肺泡表面活性剂(Calfactant)对小儿急性肺损伤的疗效:随机对照试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第6期1卷 1-2页

作者： Willson d. F. thomas N. J. Markovitz b. P. 李开 Univ. Virginia Children’s Med.Ctr. PO Box 800-386 Charlottesville VA 22908 United States

Context: despite evidence that patients with acute lung injury (ALI) have pulmonary surfactant dysfunction, trials of several surfactant preparations to treat adults with ALI have not been successful. Preliminary studies in children with ALI have shown that instillation of a natural lung surfactant (calfactant) containing high levels of surfactant-specific protein b may be beneficial. Objective: to determine if endotracheal instillation of calfactant in infants, children, and adolescents with ALI would shorten the course of respiratory failure. design, setting, and Patients: A multicenter, randomized, blinded trial of calfactant compared with placebo in 153 infants, children, and adolescents with respiratory failure from ALI conducted from July 2000 to July 2003. twenty-one tertiary care pediatric intensive care units participated. Entry criteria included age 1 week to 21 years, enrollment within 48 hours of endotracheal intubation, radiological evidence of bilateral lung disease, and an oxygenation index higher than 7. Premature infants and children with preexisting lung, cardiac, or central nervous system disease were excluded. Intervention: treatment with intratracheal instillation of 2 doses of 80 mL/m2 calfactant or an equal volume of air placebo administered 12 hours apart. Main Outcome Measures: Ventilator-free days and mortality; secondary outcome measures were hospital course, adverse events, and failure of conventional mechanical ventilation. Results: the calfactant group experienced an acute mean (sd) decrease in oxygenation index from 20 (12.9) to 13.9 (9.6) after 12 hours compared with the placebo group’s decrease from 20.5 (14.7) to 15.1 (9.0) (P=.01). Mortality was significantly greater in the placebo group compared with the calfactant group (27/75 vs 15/77; odds ratio, 2.32; 95%confidence interval, 1.15-4.85), although ventilator-free days were not different. More patients in the placebo group did not respond to conventional mechanical ventilation. t

关键词：急性肺损伤 Calfactant 随机对照试验常规机械通气气管内滴注氧合指数呼吸衰竭出生后三级医疗安慰剂

脑内出血后的白三烯合成及其在中枢神经系统的病理生理意义

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德国医学 1999年第6期16卷 323-325页

作者： M.Winking W.deinsberger A.Jdicke d.-K.bker 李杰 Neurochirurgische Klinik Justus-Liebig Universitt Klinikstrasse 29D-35392 Giessen Germany 同济医科大学附属同济医院

半胱氨酰-白三烯(cys-Lt)是一类具有高生物活性的化合物,它由花生四烯酸在脂质氧化酶作用下氧化代谢生成。白三烯 A、b、C、d、E 加上下标表明分子中的双键数。LtC_4、Ltd_4、LtE_4构成过敏性慢反应物,可引起平滑肌收缩和水肿。Cys-Lt ... 详细信息

半胱氨酰-白三烯(cys-Lt)是一类具有高生物活性的化合物,它由花生四烯酸在脂质氧化酶作用下氧化代谢生成。白三烯 A、b、C、d、E 加上下标表明分子中的双键数。LtC_4、Ltd_4、LtE_4构成过敏性慢反应物,可引起平滑肌收缩和水肿。Cys-Lt 是引起急性过敏反应和炎症反应的关键物质,可引起外周血管通透性增加,促进白细胞粘附。

关键词：脑出血白三烯中枢神经系统病理生理

椎间盘退变:人和动物模型的椎间盘的t1ρMR成像

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国际医学放射学杂志 2013年第5期 483-484页

作者： Z.Y.Zhou b.Jiang Z.Y.Zhou X.M.Pan H.X.sun b.d.Huang 丁磊 department of spinal surgery Orthopaedic Research Instituteand Department of RadiologyHuangpu Divisionthe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University

摘要目的采用磁共振t1ρ成像评估人和动物模型的椎间盘退变,认识椎间盘退变的自然演变过程。材料与方法本研究经机构伦理审查委员会和实验动物伦理委员会的批准。病人80例[男54例,女26例;平均年龄(31.6±6.20)岁]共400个腰椎间盘接受MR... 详细信息

摘要目的采用磁共振t1ρ成像评估人和动物模型的椎间盘退变,认识椎间盘退变的自然演变过程。材料与方法本研究经机构伦理审查委员会和实验动物伦理委员会的批准。病人80例[男54例,女26例;平均年龄(31.6±6.20)岁]共400个腰椎间盘接受MR扫描。恒河猴6只,于腰3/4、腰5/6两个椎间盘行纤维环穿刺,终板下注射平阳霉素,模仿椎间盘的退变。所有实验动物在手术前1 d及术后1、3、6、9、13个月接受腰椎X线和MR扫描检查。采用Pfirrman分级系统和量化t1ρ值来分析评估人和动物椎间盘的退变程度。结果

关键词：退变椎间盘脊柱动物模型 MR 人和

妊高征与正常妊娠中血管紧张素转换酶基因的多态性

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第2期1卷 14-15页

作者： Galo A.O. de souza L.H. Pinheiro d a Costa b.E. 安妮 Prog.Pos -g raduacao Em Clin.M. Inst.Pesq.Biomed./Faculdade M.Pont.U-niv.Catol.Do Rio Grande D.Porto Al eg reRSBrazil Dr.

Objective the purpose of this study w as to evaluate the angiotensin -converting enzyme gen e polymorphism in pregnant women with and without pree *** de-sign Preeclampsia was defined as hyp ertension and patho-logic proteinuria in pregnantwomen after *** dNA was isolated from leu *** in-sertion -deletion polymorphism in i ntron 16of the an-giotensin -converting enzyme gene w as detected in dNA samples with the use of the polymerase chain *** -squared and student t tests were used for *** In preeclampsia(n =51women)an-giotensin -converting enzyme genotypes were deletion -d(dd)in 16women(31%),insertion -I (II)in 12women(24%),and insertion -deletion in 23women(45%);in the control group(n =71),the angiotensin -converting enzyme genotypeswere ddin 21women(30%),II in 17women(24%),and insertion -deletion in 33women(46%).Angiotensin -converting enzyme genotype distri-bution and allelic frequencies were not different between *** No difference in the angiotensin -converting enzyme genotype distrib utionwas found between preeclampsia and normal *** results showed no association between angiotensin -c onverting enzyme poly-morphism and the development of preeclampsia.

关键词：正常妊娠妊高征患者多态性等位基因频率基因型分布 dNA 统计分析内含子

Effects of Emotional state on Processing Conceptual Mismatches: ERPs in a Picture-sentence Matching task

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Journal of behavioral and brain science 2017年第12期7卷 557-584页

作者： Randi I. Goertz Constance t. W. M. Vissers Martine W. F. t. Verhees dorothee J. Chwilla Centre for Cognition Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands Royal dutch Kentalis Sint-Michielsgestel The Netherlands behavioural science Institute Nijmegen The Netherlands Parenting and special Education Research Unit KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

Event-related potential (ERP) studies demonstrated that emotional state immediately affects the processing of different linguistic mismatches (e.g., semantic and syntactic mismatches) in sentences. Furthermore, mood has been shown to impact discourse processing. In these studies, a strong expectancy was evoked by a linguistic context. In the present study, a strong expectancy was induced by a visual (non-linguistic) context paired with a sentence. A spatial array was followed by a sentence that matched (□○—the square stands in front of the circle) or mismatched the picture (intra-dimensional mismatch: □○—the square stands behind the circle;extra-dimensional mismatch: □○—the square stands above the circle). the main question was whether mood effects on the processing of visually induced expectancies are similar or different from mood effects on the processing of linguistically induced expectancies. to this aim, we presented conceptual (mis)matches that differed in saliency: intra-dimensional vs. extra-dimensional mismatches which are both reported to elicit an N2b/N400 and P600, reflecting reanalysis. EEG was recorded while participants read for comprehension. Mood (happy vs. sad) was effectively induced by film clips. Neither for N2b/N400 nor for P600, an interaction between mood and match was observed. thus, in contrast with studies investigating the effects of pure linguistic mismatches (linguistic context paired with unexpected lexical item), mood did not modulate the processing of conceptual mismatches. However, a main effect of match revealed different ERP patterns for the two mismatches. While an increase in N2b/ N400 occurred for the intra-dimensional and extra-dimensional mismatches, a P600 only occurred to the extra-dimensional (more salient) mismatches. this finding is taken as support that being in an emotional state (positive or negative mood) influences processes of reanalysis. that is, when being in an emotional state, a reanalysis (monitoring) process

关键词： Event-Related Potentials Mood Conceptual Processing Picture-sentence Mismatches