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GRADE指南：Ⅳ.证据质量分级--研究的局限性(偏倚风险)

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中国循证医学杂志 2011年第4期11卷 456-463页

作者： Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Gunn Vist Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Pablo Alonso-Coello Victor Montori Elie A.Akl Ben Djulbegovic Yngve Falck-Ytter susan l.norris John W.Williams Jr. David Atkins Joerg Meerpohl Holger J.Schünemann GRADE工作组李幼平杨晓妍李鸿浩李玲

在GRADE方法中,若多数相关证据来自高偏倚风险的研究,则起初被定为高质量证据的随机试验和低质量证据的观察性研究均有可能被降低质量等级。随机试验已确定的局限性包括:未进行分配隐藏、未实施盲法、未报告失访情况及未恰当考虑意向性... 详细信息

在GRADE方法中,若多数相关证据来自高偏倚风险的研究,则起初被定为高质量证据的随机试验和低质量证据的观察性研究均有可能被降低质量等级。随机试验已确定的局限性包括:未进行分配隐藏、未实施盲法、未报告失访情况及未恰当考虑意向性治疗原则。最近提出的局限性包括:因明显获益而早期终止试验和基于结果选择性报告结局。观察性研究的主要局限性包括使用不合适的对照及未能充分调整预后的不平衡。偏倚风险可因不同结果而异(如全死因死亡率的失访远少于生命质量的失访),许多系统评价都容易忽略这一点。在决定是否因偏倚风险而降低质量等级时,不管是随机试验还是观察性研究,作者不应采用对各个研究取平均值的方法。相反,对任何单个结果,当同时存在高、低偏倚风险的研究时,则应考虑只纳入较低偏倚风险的研究。

关键词： GRADE 证据质量偏倚风险估计值的可信度盲法分配隐藏

GRADE指南：Ⅴ.证据质量评价--发表偏倚

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中国循证医学杂志 2011年第12期11卷 1430-1434页

作者： Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Victor Montori Gunn Vist Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Pablo Alonso-Coello Ben Djulbegovic David Atkins Yngve Falck-Ytter John W.Williams Jr. Joerg Meerpohl susan l.norris Elie A.Akl Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE工作组李幼平王莉钟大可蒋兰慧机构不详

GRADE方法中,随机试验起评即为高质量证据,观察性研究起评即为低质量证据;但若证据本身存在高发表偏倚风险,则两者证据质量级别都应降低。即使最佳证据汇总表纳入的各项研究仅有低发表偏倚风险,发表偏倚仍会极大高估效应值。当可得证据... 详细信息

GRADE方法中,随机试验起评即为高质量证据,观察性研究起评即为低质量证据;但若证据本身存在高发表偏倚风险,则两者证据质量级别都应降低。即使最佳证据汇总表纳入的各项研究仅有低发表偏倚风险,发表偏倚仍会极大高估效应值。当可得证据来自小样本研究、且多数由厂商资助时,作者应怀疑存在发表偏倚。若干基于检验数据类型的方法可用于评价发表偏倚,其中最常用的为漏斗图,但这些方法都有较大局限。发表偏倚可能较常见,必须特别关注早期结果、对样本量与事件数都很小的早期试验结果尤需小心。

关键词： GRADE 证据质量发表偏倚漏斗图利益冲突制药业

Integrative genomic and transcriptomic profiling of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma identifies molecular subtypes associated with distinct immune features and clinical outcomes

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Cancer Innovation 2024年第3期3卷 81-94页

作者： Sahil Seth Runzhe Chen Yang liu Junya Fujimoto lingzhi Hong Alexandre Reuben susan Varghese Carmen Behrens Tina McDowell luisa Solis Soto Cara Haymaker Annikka Weissferdt Neda Kalhor Jia Wu Xiuning le Natalie I Vokes Chao Cheng John V.Heymach Don l.Gibbons P.Andrew Futreal Ignacio IWistuba Humam Kadara Jianhua Zhang Cesar Moran Jianjun Zhang Department of Genomic Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA TRACTION The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson and the University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Translational Molecular Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Epidemiology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Imaging Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Medicine Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA

Background:Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma(PSC)is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-small cell lung cancer(NSClC),characterized by the presence of epithelial and sarcoma-like *** molecular and immune landscape of PSC has not been well ***:Multiomics profiling of 21 pairs of PSCs with matched normal lung tissues was performed through targeted high-depth DNA panel,whole-exome,and RNA *** describe molecular and immune features that define subgroups of PSC with disparate genomic and immunogenic features as well as distinct clinical ***:In total,27 canonical cancer gene mutations were identified,with TP53 the most frequently mutated gene,followed by ***,most TP53 and KRAS mutations were earlier genomic events mapped to the trunks of the tumors,suggesting branching evolution in most PSC *** identified two distinct molecular subtypes of PSC,driven primarily by immune infiltration and *** Immune High(IM-H)subtype was associated with superior survival,highlighting the impact of immune infiltration on the biological and clinical features of localized ***:We provided detailed insight into the mutational landscape of PSC and identified two molecular subtypes associated with ***-H tumors were associated with favorable recurrence-free survival and overall survival,highlighting the importance of tumor immune infiltration in the biological and clinical features of PSCs.

关键词： genomic immune pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma survival

Epigenetic modification of the Wnt signaling pathway:a potential target for intestinal aging

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维普期刊数据库

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Gastroenterology & Hepatology Research 2024年第2期6卷 11-14页

作者： Ji-Da Wang Yue-Xuan Shi Ogbe susan Enechojo Huan-Tian Cui Ying Wang Abankwah Joseph Kofi Xiang-ling Wang Yu-Bong Bian Xiao-Qian Chu School of Integrative Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China Department of Physiology Federal UniversityWukari 670101Nigeria First School of Clinical Medicine Yunnan University of Chinese MedicineKunming 650500China

Intestinal aging is emerging as a major public health problem The world has entered an aging society,and it is expected that the global population aged 60 years or older will reach 1.5 billion by 2035[1].Aging is gradually becoming a major public health issue,posing a significant challenge to healthcare systems[2].It is a complex natural physiological process involving the irreversible degeneration of body cells,tissues,and organs,and it is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases.

关键词： aging irreversible potential

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and generational heterogeneity on ecommerce shopping styles-A case study of Sacramento,California

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维普期刊数据库

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Communications in Transportation Research 2023年第1期3卷 53-61页

作者： Qianhua luo Teddy Forscher susan Shaheen Elizabeth Deakin Joan l.Walker Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Transportation Sustainability Research Center University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94704USA Department of City and Regional Planning University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Center for Global Metropolitan Studies University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA

The COVID pandemic has accelerated the growth of ecommerce and reshaped shopping patterns,which in turn impacts trip-making and vehicle miles *** objectives of this study are to define shopping styles and quantify their prevalence in the population,investigate the impact of the pandemic on shopping style transition,understand the generational heterogeneity and other factors that influence shopping styles,and comment on the potential impact of the pandemic on long-term shopping *** months after the initial shutdown(May/June 2021),we collected ecommerce behavioral data from 313 Sacramento Region households using an online survey.A K-means clustering analysis of shopping behavior across eight commodity types identified five shopping styles,including ecommerce independent,ecommerce dependent,and three mixed modes *** found that the share of ecommerce independent style shifted from 55%pre-pandemic to 27%during the ***,30%kept the same style as pre-pandemic,54%became more ecommerce dependent,and 16%became less ecommerce dependent,with the latter group more likely to view shopping an excuse to get *** was found across ***-pandemic,Millennials and Gen Z were the most ecommerce dependent,but during the pandemic they made relatively small shifts toward increased ecommerce *** Boomers and the Silent Generation were bimodal,either sticking to in-person shopping or shifting to ecommercedependency during the ***-pandemic intentions varied across styles,with households who primarily adopt non-food ecommerce intending to reverse back to in-person shopping,while the highly ecommerce dependent intend to limit future in-store activities.

关键词： Ecommerce COVID pandemic Shopping patterns Generational heterogeneity

Resolving place names in Amdo and Kham:A gazetteer for the Hengduan Mountains region of Southwest China

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维普期刊数据库

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植物分类学报 2006年第6期44卷 721-732页

作者： susan l. KEllEY Arnold Arboretum and Harvard University Herbaria 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge MA 02138-2020 U.S.A.

Perhaps no region on earth presents such a confusing array of place names as does the area made up of the former provinces of Kham and Amdo in historic Tibet (Xizang). Within these areas, cities, towns, villages, mountains, lakes and other geographic features have at least two names applied to them, one Tibetan, the other Chinese. Overlying this indigenous nomenclature are the names applied by outsiders, mostly Europeans, each of whom used their native language to transliterate the names they heard or read from Tibetan or Chinese script, and names in the languages of other ethnic minorities who live within the area. Adding to the confusion are the conflicting “standards” for transliterating Tibetan and Chinese names. To resolve the inconsistencies and uncertainties of place names in this region, a multilingual gazetteer and thesaurus was prepared. The gazetteer-thesaurus was compiled to be used as a tool for correlating the often radically different names assigned to a single place or feature and to provide the geographic coordinates for each. The impetus for this project was the need to assign geographic coordinates to plant specimens collected in the area since the latter part of the 19th century up until the advent and widespread use of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers in the 1990s. Georeferencing specimens is necessary for plotting the historical distribution of species and for more completely understanding the information contained on specimen labels. Knowing the distribution of plants is important for answering phylogenetic questions, determining local and widespread biogeographical patterns, identifying areas of unusually high diversity or endemism, and determining areas in need of special protection. The value of such a gazetteer, however, extends well beyond the field of botany. It is intended to be of use to anyone with a desire to know the nomenclatural history of places in the area and for pinpointing with a fair degree of accuracy the location

关键词： Tibet (Xizang) Amdo Kham Hengduan Mountains gazetteer biodiversity Geographic Information Systems (GIS) herbarium conservation georeferencing.

Classification and detection of dominant factors in geospatial patterns of traditional settlements in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第5期32卷 873-891页

作者： WU Shaolin DI Baofeng susan l.USTIN Constantine A.STAMATOPOUlOS lI Jierui ZUO Qi WU Xiao AI Nanshan College of Architecture and Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChengdu610207China John Muir Institute of the Environment University of California DavisDavisCA95616USA Stamatopoulos and Associates Co.&Hellenic Open University Athens11471Greece

The geospatial distribution pattern in traditional Chinese settlements(TCSs)reflects the traditional harmony between humans and nature,which has been learned over ***,TCSs have experienced serious disturbances by urbanization and *** is crucial to explore the local wisdom of geospatial patterns and dominant factors for TCSs at the national scale in *** study sought to determine the geospatial wisdom of traditional settlements to enrich our future settlement development with the aim of establishing Chinese settlement values for modern ***,a dataset of 4000 TCSs were analyzed and clustered for environmental factors that affect their geospatial patterns by machine learning *** concluded that(1)five geospatial patterns of TCSs were clustered on a national scale,and the threshold of environmental factors of TCS groups was detected.(2)Environmental conditions and settlement concepts interacted and determined the similarities and differences among TCS groups.(3)The key boundary for TCSs and the dominant factors for each zone were determined,and topographical conditions and hydrologic resources played significant roles in all five TCS *** study provides a better understanding of the adaptability of the environment in relation to the TCSs and aids in planning TCS conservation and rural revitalization.

关键词： rural settlements geographical pattern rural revitalization traditional wisdom

Kinetics of hydrogen peroxide quenching following UV/H_(2)O_(2)advanced oxidation by thiosulfate,bisulfite,and chlorine in drinking water treatment

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第12期17卷 59-69页

作者： Tianyi Chen lizbeth Taylor-Edmonds susan Andrews Ron Hofmann Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 1A4Canada

Residual H_(2)O_(2)from UV/H_(2)O_(2)treatment can be quenched by thiosulfate,bisulfite,and chlorine,but the kinetics of these reactions have not been reported under the full range of practical *** this study,the rates of H_(2)O_(2)quenching by these compounds were compared in different water matrices,temperatures,pH,and when using different forms of bisulfite and *** general,it was confirmed that thiosulfate would be too slow to serve as a quenching agent in most practical *** pH 7-8.5,chlorine tends to quench H_(2)O_(2)more than 20 times faster than bisulfite in the various conditions *** important observation was that in lightly-buffered water(e.g.,alkalinity of 20 mg/l as CaCO_(3)),the form of chlorine can have a large impact on quenching rate,with gaseous chlorine slowing the reaction due to its lowering of the pH,and hypochlorite having the opposite *** impacts will become less significant when water buffer capacity(i.e.,alkalinity)increases(e.g.,to 80 mg/l as CaCO_(3)).In addition,water temperature should be considered as the time required to quench H_(2)O_(2)by chlorine at 4℃is up to 3 times longer than at 20℃.

关键词： UV/H_(2)O_(2) H_(2)O_(2) quenching Chlorine type Water alkalinity Temperature

Different faces of gastroparesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第48期15卷 6052-6060页

作者： Klaus Bielefeldt Naeem Raza susan l Zickmund Division of Gastroenterology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Center of Health Equity Research and Practice at the Veteran Administration Health System Pittsburgh

AIM:To test the hypothesis that pain and affect rather than impaired emptying determine symptom severity in patients with ***:Adult patients with documented gastroparesis were enrolled prospectively in a single center and asked to complete the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index(GCSI),Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),the Short Form 12(SF-12) as quality of life index,rate pain severity and answer 10 open-ended ***:A total of 55 patients(44 women) ***(n=29) or diabetic(n=11) gastroparesis and connective tissue disease(n=8) were the most common underlying ***(n=30) and prokinetics(n = 32) were most often *** patients used opioids on a daily *** and/or vomiting(n=28),pain(n=24) and bloating(n=14) were most commonly listed as dominant *** subjectively attributed symptom improvement to nutritional and dietary therapy(n=11),prokinetics(n=11),antiemetics(n=10) or analgesic agents(n=3).In univariate analyses,the physical subscore of the SF-12 and HADS,but not gastric emptying delay or symptom duration signifi cantly correlated with disease severity as measured by the *** multivariate analyses,the combination of vomiting,bloating and depression best predicted the overall impact on quality of ***:The study confi rms the importance of pain and affect in gastroparesis,which requires novel approaches to improve more effectively the quality of life in patients with this disorder.

关键词：面孔胃疾病诊断治疗患者