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Spatial Transformations and Urban Conservation of Religious-Historic Towns: A Case of Vrindavan, India

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第8期10卷 289-308页

作者： sunanda kapoor Vandana Sehgal Mayank Mathur School of Architecture & Design Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur India Faculty of Architecture and Planning AKTU Lucknow India School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi India

The spatial transformations can be observed at different religious-historic towns of India due to urbanization. Research is based upon fact that there is substantial change in the built environment because of spatial transformations at the religious-historic towns. The process of modernization in the functions and spatial layout is unavoidable at any historic town. The study attempts to focus on various urban historic conservation components, including the look of historic buildings, their earlier uses, and its immediate surroundings to improve the built environment of historic towns. A theoretical framework for the urban conservation of ancient towns is the main objective of study. How to modernize the historic conservation function while preserving the space’s texture and integrity. The research started with the investigation of the morphological growth of Mathura district, India through satellite images and in-depth study of the evolution process of street network in Vrindavan town, which is one of the main temple towns of Mathura district. There is a significant difference in the layout & architectural character of old part and the newly developed Vrindavan. Due to increased accessibility and movement, the spatial structure of traditional religious precincts, which were once local integration centres, has significantly changed. Increasing & changing mode of transportation and further increase in the religious tourism might be the cause or a big reason for the spatial transformations and correspondingly there is a challenge to conserve & preserve the religious precincts of historic towns. The study tries to analyze spatial transformations with the help of Historical GIS at different scales of urban form. Suggestive measures to conserve the environmental ambience of religious-historic towns are the outcome of the research.

关键词： Urbanization Spatial Transformations Religious-Historic Town Environmental Ambience

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Analysis of the Mobile Communications Market Shares in China Based on Improved Stackelberg Model

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China Communications 2008年第3期5卷 119-124页

作者： sunanda Sangwan Nanyang Business School Nanyang Technological University

Based on improved Cournot model and Stackelberg model,this paper analyzes the firstmover advantage of China Mobile which is in a dominant position;then,by using complete information dynamic game,this paper analyzes the market shares of the oligarchic monopoly market of the mobile communications industry before the restructuring of the telecom industry and tests the analysis conclusion;at the same time,this paper analyzes the market shares in initial stage and mature stage of the mobile communications market after the *** to the analysis of this paper,China Mobile's market share will drop after the restructuring,the restructuring has a certain effect,but China Mobile is still in a leading *** the duopoly market before the restructuring or the three oligopoly market after the restructuring,every mobile operator has a relatively fixed market share under stable *** shows that mobile operators in China should cooperate on the basis of competition when developing the domestic market,and explore the international market to achieve greater development.

关键词： mobile communications market shares game analysis

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Bayesian spatial modeling to incorporate unmeasured information at road segment levels with the INLA approach:A methodological advancement of estimating crash modification factors

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2021年第1期8卷 95-106页

作者： Uditha Galgamuwa Juan Du sunanda Dissanayake Department of Civil Engineering Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Statistics Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Estimating safety effectiveness of roadway improvements and countermeasures,using cross-sectional models,generally requires large amounts of data such as road geometric and traffic-related characteristics at road segment *** models do not consider all confounding crash contributory factors such as driving culture and environmental conditions at the segment level due to a lack of readily available *** may result in inaccurate models representing actual conditions at road segment levels,followed by erroneous estimations of safety *** minimize the effect of not including such variables,this study develops a new methodology to estimate safety effectiveness of roadway countermeasures,based on generalized linear mixed models,assuming zeroinflated Poisson distribution for the response,and adjusting for spatial autocorrelation using the spatial random *** Bayesian approach,with Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation,was used to make inference on this model with computational *** showed that incorporating a spatial random effect into the models provided better model fit than non-spatial models;hence,estimated safety effectiveness based on such models is more *** proposed approach is a methodological advancement in traffic safety,which allows evaluation of safety effectiveness or roadway improvements when data are not readily available.

关键词： Traffic safety Roadway countermeasures Crash modification factors Spatial random models Hierarchical Bayesian models

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Inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第22期17卷 2696-2701页

作者： Dawn B Beaulieu sunanda Kane Division of Gastroenterology Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37232 United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 United States

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis affect women in their child-bearing years. Family planning has come to be a common discussion between the gastroenterologist and the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patient. Disease control prior to desired conception and throughout pregnancy is the most important thing to keep in mind when caring for the IBD patient. Continued medical management during pregnancy is crucial in optimizing outcomes. Studies indicate that quiescent disease prior to conception infer the best pregnancy outcomes, similar to those in the general population. Active disease prior to and during pregnancy, can lead to complications such as pre-term labor, low birth weight, and small for gestational age infants. Although there are no definitive long term effects of pregnancy on IBD, there are some limited studies that suggest that it may alter the disease course. Understanding the literature and its limitations is important in the modern era of IBD care. Educating the patient and taking a team approach with the obstetrician will help achieve successful outcomes for mother and baby.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Pregnancy Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Breastfeeding

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Administration of Fenugreek Seed Extract Produces Better Effects in Glibenclamide-Induced Inhibition in Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation: An in vitro Study

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第4期25卷 278-284页

作者： Sharma Neha Kar Anand Panda sunanda School of Life Sciences Devi Ahilya UniversityTakshashila CampusIndore452017India

Objective: To evaluate the comparative effects of fenugreek(Trigonel a foenum graecum) seed extract(FSE) alone and in combination with an antidiabetic conventional medicine,glibenclamide(GLB),on the inhibition of in vitro lipid peroxidation(LPO) in liver,the major target organ of a ***: LPO was induced by ferrous sulphate(Fe So4),hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2) and carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) and the effects of test seed extract and/or GLB were ***: While Fe So4,H2 O2 and CCl4 markedly enhanced the hepatic LPO,simultaneous administration of FSE reduced it in a concentration dependent ***,when both FSE and GLB were added to the incubation mixture,chemical y induced hepatic LPO was further *** test extract also exhibited high antioxidative activity in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and in 2,2'-azino-bis,3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical scavenging ***: FSE therapy in moderate concentration along with a hypoglycemic drug may prove to be advantageous in ameliorating diabetes mel itus and other diseases that are LPO mediated.

关键词： fenugreek glibenclamide antioxidant activity lipid peroxidation

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Quality assessment between calibrated highway safety manual safety performance functions and calibration functions for predicting crashes on freeway facilities

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第1期7卷 76-87页

作者： Imalka C.Matarage sunanda Dissanayake Department of Civil Engineering Kansas State UniuersityManhattanKS 66502USA

Crash prediction models are commonly used for network screening in highway safety management process,where potential impacts of highway safety treatments are *** Highway Safety Manual(HSM)provides crash prediction models for various types of highway facilities that are often referred to as safety performance functions(SPFs).Freeway facility SPFs in the HSM were developed using data gathered from the states of California,Maine,and *** applying these HSM-default SPFs to a local jurisdiction,the HSM recommends calibration of HSM-default SPFs or development of jurisdiction-specific SPFs to improve the accuracy of crash *** study first calibrated the HSM-default freeway SPFs and for further accuracy and comparison purposes calibration functions were developed using Kansas freeway *** performance of calibrated HSM-default SPFs was then compared with developed calibration functions concerning the accuracy in crash *** facility calibration dataset included521 freeway segments,351 entrance-related speed-change lanes,and 366 exit-related speed-change *** residual plots and several other goodness-of-fit measures were used to assess the quality of calibrated HSM-default SPFs and calibration *** functions fitted better compared to calibrated HSM-default SPFs for Kansas freeway *** methodology used in this study could be beneficial and practiced to any *** functions could be used as an alternative to jurisdiction-specific SPFs or a replacement for HSM-default SPFs,which are frequently used in comparing alternatives,in calculating economic benefits of project improvements,and in estimating economic effectiveness of crash reduction in highway safety-related decision making.

关键词： Transportation Freeway segments Speed-change lanes Crash prediction models Goodness-of-fit measures Calibration factor

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Pregnancy and Crohn’s disease:concerns and assurance of medical therapy

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 171-177页

作者： Reezwana Chowdhury sunanda V.Kane Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Approximately 50%of patients with inflammatory bowel disease including both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are female with many being diagnosed and treated during their reproductive *** is important for women to be in remission prior to and during *** have been many advances in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease,including new *** this review,we summarize the currently approved medications for Crohn’s disease and their safety in pregnancy and *** totality of evidence suggests that the majority of therapies are low-risk before and during pregnancy,and should be continued to control maternal disease.

关键词： Crohn’s disease pregnancy teratogenicity inflammatory bowel disease lactation biologics anti-TNF

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Identification,development,and application of cross-species intron-spanning markers in lentil(Lens culinaris Medik.)

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The Crop Journal 2018年第3期6卷 299-305页

作者： Debjyoti Sen Gupta Jitendra Kumara sunanda Gupta Sonali Dubey Priyanka Gupta Narendra Pratap Singh Gaurav Sablok Division of Crop Improvement ICAR-Institute of Pulses ResearchKanpur 208024UPIndia Division of Plant Biotechnology ICAR-Institute of Pulses ResearchKanpur 208024UPIndia Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachVia E.Mach 138010 San Michele all'AdigeTrentoItaly

Lentil(Lens culinaris Medik) is one of the most important food legumes in the world. The use in lentil of molecular marker-assisted breeding is limited, owing to the low availability of polymorphic markers. In the present study, we developed a set of polymorphic intron-spanning markers(ISMs) using a cross-species mapping approach. In this approach, putative unique transcripts(PUTs) of L. culinaris were mapped onto the Medicago truncatula genome, exploiting its closeness with the lentil genome. Spliced alignment of the PUTs resulted in a total of 25,717 alignments, allowing the development of 1703 ISMs. From these, a subset of 105 ISMs were synthesized and validated with a 51% amplification success rate in 32 lentil genotypes. Of these ISMs, 40(74%) were polymorphic and generated 2–11 alleles per locus in a genetically diverse panel of 32 lentil genotypes including wild *** set of polymorphic ISMs along with their functional annotation data will be useful in lentil breeding.

关键词： Allele diversity Cross-species Genotypes Introns Lentil Molecular markers

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Physicochemical and Biochemical Reclamation of Soil through Secondary Succession

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2013年第5期3卷 235-243页

作者： Kamala Haripal sunanda Sahoo Ecology Section School of Life Sciences Sambalpur University Burla India Ecology Section School of Life Sciences Sambalpur University Burla India.

Conversion of forest to agricultural fields has become a common practice in India. Very often these fields have been abandoned due to lack of sustainable production. In course of time these fallow lands undergo natural secondary succession. Present study was carried out to find out the restoration of soil physicochemical and biochemical properties in a chronosequence of 2 yr, 4 yr, 6 yr, 11 yr, and 15 yr fallow lands. Soil enzyme activities play key roles in the biochemical functioning of soils, including soil organic matter formation and degradation, nutrient cycling, and reflect the change in soil management and land use. There was gradual improvement in the physical condition and nutrient status along with increase in soil amylase, cellulase, dehydrogenase, phophatase, and urease activity in the present study with the progress of fallow age which indicates the importance of natural secondary succession in soil restoration. However the PCA analysis indicated that natural vegetational succession could reclaim the soil quality and promote ecosystem restoration but it required a long time under the present local climatic condition.

关键词： Sustainable Production Secondary Succession Soil Restoration Land Use

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Crash Severity Analysis of Single Vehicle Run-off-Road Crashes

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2014年第1期4卷 1-10页

作者： sunanda Dissanayake Uttara Roy Department of Civil Engineering Kansas State University Manhattan USA

Run-off-road crashes in the United States have become a major cause of serious injuries and fatalities. A significant portion of run-off-road crashes are single vehicle crashes that occur due to collisions with fixed objects and overturning. These crashes typically tend to be more severe than other types of crashes. Single vehicle run-off-road crashes that occurred between 2004 and 2008 were extracted from Kansas Accident Reporting System (KARS) database to identify the important factors that affected their severity. Different driver, vehicle, road, crash, and environment related factors that influence crash severity are identified by using binary logit models. Three models were developed to take different levels of crash severity as the response variables. The first model taking fatal or incapacitating crashes as the response variable seems to better fit the data than the other two developed models. The variables that were found to increase the probability of run-off-road crash severity are driver related factors such as driver ejection, being an older driver, alcohol involvement, license state, driver being at fault, medical condition of the driver;road related factors such as speed, asphalt road surface, dry road condition;time related factors such as crashes occurring between 6 pm and midnight;environment related factors such as daylight;vehicle related factors such as being an SUV, motorcycles, vehicle getting destroyed or disabled, vehicle maneuver being straight or passing;and fixed object types such as trees and ditches.

关键词： Run-off-Road Crashes Crash Severity Single-Vehicle Crashes

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