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中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届第十二次全国学术研讨会

作者： Wei Guo sudhanshu mishra jingsi Tang Bo Zeng Ruihong Ning Ying Li Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University

The giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a highly vulnerable mammal(The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species,2016),whilst being the most iconic and flagship species for wildlife conservation *** giant panda,a member of family Ursidae and possessing a typical carnivore like short gastrointestinal tract,is an enigmatic species because it consumes nearly 12.5 kg of highly fibrous bamboo leaves and stems each day,and it became full-time bamboo eating species by the late Pliocene(2 Mya).Along with the threat of climate change,this bamboo specialist is at risk to extinction because of its sole reliance on large quantities of low-nutrition and low-energy content food from *** profound investigation of Panda’s genome has reported that it encodes all enzymes crucial for a carnivorous digestive system but lacks those required for digesting cellulose rich bamboo *** the excellent studies on Tas1r1pseudogenization(umami taste receptor gene) and appetite-reward system in the panda’s genome to understand the evolutionary consequences of dietary switch of the panda,there is still uncertainty about the underlying mechanisms and one question still remains unanswered;"why pandas shifted to bamboo diet?" Under such circumstances,it was believed that the giant panda is dependent on gut microbiota in order to adapt to highly fibrous bamboo ***,gastrointestinal disease is reported to be a primary cause of death in both wild and ***,it becomes most significant to understand,how gut microbiota impacts panda’s health and nutrition,and biology behind this *** metagenomic study found the Clostridium bacteria in giant panda gut contains genes known to code enzymes that digest cellulose(Zhu et al.,2011),which was opposed later by a current study with larger sample size of captive pandas which suggested that panda’s carnivore-like gut microbiota has not evolved to efficiently digest cellulose from a fibre-rich bamboo diet(Xue et al.201

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Captive breeding alters the gut microbiome of giant panda

Captive breeding alters the gut microbiome of giant panda

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中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届第十三次全国学术研讨会

作者： Wei Guo Jingsi Tang sudhanshu mishra Chengdong Wang Hemin Zhang Jiangchao Zhao Fanli Kong Bo Zeng Ruihong Ning JiANDong Yang Mingyao Yang Mingwang Zhang Qingyong Ni Yan Li Caiwu Li Desheng li Yingping Xiao Hua Yang Ying Li Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University Department of Laboratory Medicine Chengdu Medical College China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda Department of Animal Science Division of AgricultureUniversity of Arkansas Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Captive breeding has been used as an effective approach to protect endangered animals but its effect on the gut microbiome and the conservation status of these species is largely *** giant panda is a symbol of *** integrated efforts including captive breeding,this species has been recently upgraded from "endangered" to "vulnerable".Since a large proportion(21.8%) of the population is captive,it is critical to understand how captivity changes the gut microbiome of these pandas and how such alterations to the microbiome might affect their future fitness and potential impact on the ecosystem after release into the *** we use 16 S rRNA marker gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics sequencing to demonstrate that the fecal microbiomes differ substantially in wild and captive giant *** microbiome diversity was significantly lower in captive pandas,as was the diversity of functional ***,captive pandas had reduced functional potential for cellulose degradation but enriched metabolic pathways for starch metabolism,indicating a reduced fitness when releasing into the wild since their major diet in the wild will be ***,antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors,as well as heavy metal tolerance genes were enriched in the microbiomes of captive pandas,which raises a huge concern of spreading these genes to other wild animals and the ecosystem after releasing them to the wild *** results clearly show that captivity has altered the giant panda microbiome,which could have unintended negative consequences on their fitness and the ecosystem during the re-introduction of giant pandas into the wild.

关键词： captivity gut microbiome giant pandas antibiotic resistance genes metagenomics diversity metal tolerance genes virulence factors

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High-altitude living shapes the skin microbiome in humans and pigs

High-altitude living shapes the skin microbiome in humans an...

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中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届第十三次全国学术研讨会

作者： Bo Zeng Jiangchao Zhao Wei Guo Siyuan Zhang Yutong Hua Jingsi Tang Fanli Kong Xuewu Yang Lizhi Fu Kun Liao Xianqiong Yu Guohong Chen Long Jin Surong Shuai Jiandong Yang Xiaohui Si Ruihong Ning sudhanshu mishra Ying Li Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University Division of Agriculture Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of Arkansas

While the skin microbiome has been shown to play important roles in health and disease in several species,the effects of altitude on the skin microbiome and how high-altitude skin microbiomes may be associated with health and disease states remains largely *** 16 S rRNA marker gene sequencing,we characterized the skin microbiomes of people from two racial groups(the Tibetans and the Hans) and of three local pig breeds(Tibetan pig,Rongchang pig,and Qingyu pig) at high and low *** skin microbial communities of low-altitude pigs and humans were distinct from those of high-altitude pigs and humans,with five bacterial taxa(Arthrobacter,Paenibacillus,Carnobacterium,and two unclassified genera in families Cellulomonadaceae and Xanthomonadaceae) consistently enriched in both pigs and humans at high *** diversity was also significantly lower in skin samples collected from individuals living at high altitude compared to individuals at low *** of the taxa unique to high-altitude humans and pigs are known extremophiles adapted to harsh environments such as those found at high *** our data reveal that altitude has a significant effect on the skin microbiome of pigs and humans.

关键词： Skin microbiome high altitude Tibetans Tibetan pigs 16S rRNA

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Metagenomic Study Suggests That the Gut Microbiota of the Giant Panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) May Not Be Specialized for Fiber Fermentation

Metagenomic Study Suggests That the Gut Microbiota of the Gi...

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中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届第十三次全国学术研讨会

作者： Wei Guo sudhanshu mishra Jiangchao Zhao Jingsi Tang Bo Zeng Fanli Kong Ruihong Ning Miao Li Hengzhi Zhang Yutian Zeng Yuanliangzi Tian Yihang Zhong Hongdi Luo Yunhan Liu Jiandong Yang Mingyao Yang Mingwang Zhang Yan Li Qingyong Ni Caiwu Li Chengdong Wang Desheng Li Hemin Zhang Zhili Zuo Ying Li Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University Division of Agriculture Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of Arkansas Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University College of Animal Science and Technology Sichuan Agricultural University China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda Chengdu Zoo Chengdu Institute of Wildlife

Bamboo-eating giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an enigmatic species,which possesses a carnivore-like short and simple gastrointestinal tract(GIT).Despite the remarkable studies on giant panda,its diet adaptability status continues to be a matter of *** resolve this puzzle,we investigated the functional potential of the giant panda gut microbiome using shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal *** also compared our data with similar data from other animal species representing herbivores,carnivores,and omnivores from current and earlier *** found that the giant panda hosts a bear-like gut microbiota distinct from those of herbivores indicated by the metabolic potential of the microbiome in the gut of giant pandas and other ***,the relative abundance of genes involved in cellulose-and hemicellulose-digestion,and enrichment of enzymes associated with pathways of amino acid degradation and biosynthetic reactions in giant pandas echoed a carnivore-like *** significantly,the enzyme assay of the giant panda’s feces indicated the lowest cellulase and xylanase activity among major herbivores,shown by an in-vitro experimental assay of enzyme activity for cellulose and *** of our results consistently indicate that the giant panda is not specialized to digest cellulose and hemicellulose from its bamboo diet,making the giant panda a good mammalian model to’ study the unusual link between the gut microbiome and *** increased food intake of the giant pandas might be a strategy to compensate for the gut microbiome functions,highlighting a strong need of conservation of the native bamboo forest both in high-and low-altitude ranges to meet the great demand of bamboo diet of giant pandas.

关键词： Giant panda Gut microbiota metagenomics enzyme activity diet adaptability

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The darker side of follicular helper T cells： from autoimmunity to immunodeficiency

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第5期9卷 380-385页

作者： sudhanshu Shekhar Xi Yang Laboratory for Infection and Immunity Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada

Follicular helper T （TFH） cells represent a distinct subset of CD4＋ helper T （TH） cells specialized in providing help to B cells. They are characterized by their unique transcriptional profile （Bcl6）, surface marker expression （CXCR5, PD-1, ICOS and CD4OL） and cytokine production pattern （IL-21 and IL-6）. TFH cells provide help to B cells both to form germinal centers （GCs） and to differentiate into memory B cells and plasma cells for generation of humoral responses. However, there is emerging evidence that implicates TFH cells in the development of various human pathologies, such as autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency and lymphoma. This review focuses on the current progress in this area including mouse and human studies. A clearer understanding of the mechanisms of TFH cell-mediated immunity and pathology may be exploited for rational development of therapeutic strategies. Cellular＆ Molecular Immunology（2012） 9, 380-385; doi：10.1038/cmi.2012.26; published online 13 August 2012

关键词： autoimmunity B cells immunodeficiency lymphoma TFH cells

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Pulmonary CD103+ dendritic cells: key regulators of immunity against infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第6期17卷 670-671页

作者： sudhanshu Shekhar Xi Yang Institute of Oral Biology University of OsloOsloNorway Department of Immunology University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada

Since the discovery of dendritic cells(DCs)by the Nobel laureate Professor Ralph Steinman et *** 1973,a plethora of literature has accumulated on the functional roles of DCs in humans and animal models.1 DCs are involved in the innate sensing and modulation of adaptive immunity to ***103+DCs constitute a classical nonlymphoid DC subset that has an important role in generating immunity and maintaining tolerance.2 Pulmonary CD103+DCs(CD103+PDCs),which reside in close association with the airway epithelium,are particularly critical in controlling Tcell immunity against lung infections.2,3 In this article,we discuss recent evidence that shines light on the role and mechanism of CD103+PDCs in modulating CD8+and CD4+T-cell responses against various pathogens,including bacteria and viruses.A deeper understanding of CD103+PDC function may provide new translational avenues for the development of vaccines and therapeutics against infectious diseases.

关键词： CD103 immunity generating

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Performance Evaluation of Mesh-based NoCs:Implementation of a New Architecture and Routing Algorithm

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2012年第4期9卷 403-413页

作者： sudhanshu Choudhary Shafi Qureshi Indian Institute of Technology

This paper presents the result of experiments conducted in mesh networks on different routing algorithms, traffic generation schemes and switching schemes. A new network on chip (NoC) topology based on partial interconnection of mesh network is proposed and a routing algorithm supporting the proposed architecture is developed. The proposed architecture is similar to standard mesh networks, where four extra bidirectional channels are added which remove the congestion and hotspots compared to standard mesh networks with fewer channels. Significant improvement in delay (60% reduction) and throughput (60% increase) was observed using the proposed network and routing when compared with the ideal mesh networks. An increase in number of channels makes the switches expensive and could increase the area and power consumption. However, the proposed network can be useful in high speed applications with some compromise on area and power.

关键词： Interconnects network on chip (NoC) routing traffic switching

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Comparative Analysis of RNAi Suppression Activity of Proteins from Two Disparate Viruses

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第12期5卷 1789-1798页

作者： sudhanshu Sekhar Das Neeti Sanan-mishra Plant Molecular Biology Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India

RNAi is an efficient surveillance machinery that plays a robust defensive role in shielding plant and animal hosts against viral infections. In counter-defense viruses encode suppressor proteins that have the ability to restrict the RNAi machinery to ensure successful systemic invasion. The B2 protein of insect Flock House Virus (FHV-B2) and AC2 protein of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV-AC2) are two well-characterized suppressors of RNAi, capable of reversing reporter gene silencing. In this study, we compared the strength of the two suppressors by assaying for the degree of RNAi reversion and the duration of sustaining the reversal in planta. The suppression activity was observed by assaying for GFP fluorescence at 3 dpi, 7 dpi and 14 dpi. The phenotypic observations were corroborated with small RNA Northern Blotting and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results indicate that suppressor strength of FHVB2 is comparable to MYMIV-AC2, although they are encoded by virus infecting host from two different eukaryotic kingdoms. This study will provide new insights to dissect the conservation in the RNAi pathways during the host-virus interactions.

关键词： MYMIV-AC2 FHVB2 Agroinfiltration RNA Silencing Suppressor (RSS) Reversal of GFP Silencing Assay

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CD103+ lung dendritic cells(LDCs)induce stronger Th1/Th17 immunity to a bacterial lung infection than CD11b^(hi) LDCs

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第4期15卷 377-387页

作者： sudhanshu Shekhar Ying Peng Shuhe Wang Xi Yang Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada Department of Immunology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada

Recent studies suggest differential roles for CD103+and CD11bhi lung dendritic cells(LDCs)in host defense against viral and bacterial *** this study,we examined the contribution of these LDC subsets in protective immunity to chlamydial lung infection using a Chlamydia muridarum mouse infection *** found that CD103+LDCs showed higher expression of costimulatory molecules(CD40,CD80 and CD86)and increased production of cytokines(IL-12p70,IL-10,IL-23 and IL-6)compared with CD11bhi LDCs,but the expression of programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)was similar between the two *** importantly,we found,in adoptive transfer experiments,that the mice receiving CD103+LDCs from Chlamydia-infected mice exhibited better protection than the recipients of CD11bhi LDCs,which was associated with more robust Th1/Th17 cytokine *** addition,in vitro experiments showed that CD103+LDCs induced stronger IFN-γand IL-17 responses,when cocutured with chlamydial antigen-primed CD4+T cells,than CD11bhi ***,the blockade of PD1 in the culture of CD4+T cells with either CD103+or CD11bhi LDCs enhanced production of IFN-γand *** conclusion,our data provide direct evidence that CD103+LDCs are more potent in promoting Th1/Th17 immunity to chlamydial lung infection than CD11bhi LDCs.

关键词： Chlamydia muridarum lung dendritic cell Th1/Th17 cells

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Graphene sandwiched crumb rubber dispersed hot mix asphalt

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第5期7卷 652-667页

作者： Bineet Baliyar Singh Fanismita Mohanty sudhanshu Sekhar Das Sarat Kumar Siuain Department of Civil Engineering Veer Surendra Sai University of TechnologyBurla 768018India Department of Chemistry Veer Surendra Sai University of TechnologyBurla 768018India

The crumb rubber obtained from discarded vehicle tires and graphene oxide prepared by oxidation of graphite powder in laboratory were used to modify virgin bitumen. Four different hot mix asphalt matrices prepared using virgin bitumen, crumb rubber modified bitumen, graphene oxide modified bitumen and combination of crumb rubber-graphene oxide modified bitumen are compared. The modified bitumen matrices are characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy for structural and morphological analysis. Marshall properties along with indirect tensile test and tensile strength ratio tests were carried out to check the resistance towards cracking and moisture susceptibility of matrices. The results show that, crumb rubber and graphene oxide are completely compatible with bitumen. 9.8% crumb rubber content in crumb rubber modified bitumen hot mix asphalt exhibits the optimum result. The performance of graphene oxide modified bitumen hot mix asphalt exhibits superior performance in comparison to control mix and crumb rubber modified bitumen hot mix asphalt *** enhanced properties of modified bitumen hot mix asphalt with the combining effect of graphene oxide and crumb rubber, are suitable for road construction.

关键词： Hot mix asphalt Crumb rubber Graphene oxide Modified bitumen

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