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Inconspicuous anchoring effects generated by false information

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第11期18卷 1375-1382页

作者： Chen Qu~(a,b) Jun Wang~a Yuejia Luo~(a,c,*) a state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning,beijing normal university,beijing 100875,china b Center for studies of Psychological Application,South china normal university Guangzhou,510631,china c key laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100101,china state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Center for studies of Psychological Application South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China key laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The impact of false information on numerical judgments was examined on young normal subjects by an event-related potential(ERP) *** imitate the judgments in real world,we ensured the subjects acknowledged of the target *** behavioral results found that both uncertain information and false information assimilated the final estimates:higher after higher anchors and lower after lower anchors;and false information caused a weaker anchoring bias than uncertain *** results provided further electro- physiological evidence for the mechanism of *** the early phrase,it was an accessibility-dominated process in which two kinds of anchors elicited an N300 component related to the accessibility of anchors *** knowledge relevant to targets joined the process in the late phrase,which caused a larger amplitude of late positive component(LPC)for implausible lower anchors than that for plausible higher *** analysis showed that medial frontal gyrus,whose activity was suggested to signal the need of adjust- ment,was more reliable to explain the LPC elicited by implausible lower ***,we suggest that accessibility is facilitated when the external anchor is consistent with the world knowledge,and adjustment is initiated when the external anchor is inconsistent.

关键词： False anchors Anchoring effects Accessibility Adjustment ERP

Attention and available long-term memory in an activation-based model

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2010年第6期53卷 743-752页

作者： LIU ZhaoMin1,GUO ChunYan2,3 & LUO Liang4 1 School of Sociology,china university of Political Science and Law,beijing 102249,china 2 beijing key laboratory of learning and Cognition,Department of Psychology,Capital normal university,beijing 100048,china 3 key laboratory of Mental Health,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100101,china 4 state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning,beijing normal university,beijing 100875,china School of Sociology China University of Political Science and Law Beijing China beijing key laboratory of learning and Cognition Department of Psychology Capital Normal University Beijing China key laboratory of Mental Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning Beijing Normal University Beijing China

The influence of attention on memorizing related items and on available long-term memory (ALTM) was explored,showing that N400 of no-memory items was more negative than that of the memory *** results of the category comparison task indicated that information processing under attention-driven in WM determined the availability of related long-term memory,i.e.,specific content,which was formerly concerned or ignored,yielding different indirect semantic priming *** indicate that the orientation of conceptual attention leads the related representations of LTM to diverse activation patterns,supporting the activation-based model.

关键词： activation-based model attention available long-term memory event-related potentials

An improved exponential filter for fast nonlinear registration of brain magnetic resonance images

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第6期19卷 759-767页

作者： Zhiying Long a, Li Yao a,b, Kewei Chen c, Danling Peng a a state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning, beijing normal university, beijing 100875, china b School of Information Science and Technology, beijing normal university, beijing 100875, china c Banner Alzheimer Institute (BAI) & Samaritan PET Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China School of Information Science and Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Banner Alzheimer Institute (BAI) & Samaritan PET Center Phoenix AZ USA

A linear elastic convolution filter was derived from the eigenfunctions of the Navier-Stokes differential operator by Bro-Nielsen in order to match images with large deformations. Due to the complexity of constructing the elastic convolution filter, the algorithm’s efficiency reduces rapidly with the increase in the image’s size. In our previous work, a simple two-sided exponential filter with high efficiency was proposed to approximate an elastic filter. However, its poor smoothness may degenerate the performance. In this paper, a new exponential filter was constructed by utilizing a modified nonlinear curve fitting method to approximate the elastic filter. The new filter’s good smoothness makes its performance comparable to an elastic filter. Its simple and separable form makes the algorithm’s speed faster than the elastic filter. Furthermore, our experiments demonstrated that the new filter was suitable for both the elastic and fluid models.

关键词： Exponential filter Nonlinear Registration Magnetic resonance imaging

The role of different cues in the brain mechanism on visual spatial attention

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第10期16卷 1045-1050页

作者： SONG Weiqun, LUO Yuejia, CHI Song, JI Xunming, LING Feng, ZHAO Lun, WANG Maobin and SHI Jiannong ( Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital university of Medical Science, beijing 100053, china state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning, beijing normal university, beijing 100875, china School of Psychology, Southwest university, Chongqing 400715, china key laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao university, Medical College, Qingdao 266003, china Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital university of Medical Science, beijing 100053, china Institute of Linguistics, Xuzhou normal university, Xuzhou 221116, china) Department of Rehabilitation Xuanwu Hospital Capital University of Medical Science Beijing 100053 China state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China School of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China key laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College Qingdao 266003 China Department of Neurology Xuanwu Hospital Capital University of Medical Science Beijing 100053 China Institute of Linguistics Xuzhou Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China

The visual spatial attention mechanism in the brain was studied in 16 young subjects through the visual search paradigm of precue-target by the event-related potential (ERP) technique, with the attentive ranges cued by different scales of Chinese character and region cues. The results showed that the response time for Chinese character cues was much longer than that for region cues especially for small region cues. With the exterior interferences, the target stimuli recognition under region cues was much quicker than that under Chinese character cues. Compared with that under region cues, targets under Chinese character cues could lead to increase of the posterior P1, decrease of the N1 and increase of the P2. It should also be noted that the differences between region cues and Chinese character cues were affected by the interference types. Under exterior interferences, no significant difference was found between region cues and Chinese character cues; however, it was not the case under the interior interferences. Considering the difference between the exterior interferences and the interior interferences, we could conclude that with the increase of difficulty in target recognition there was obvious difference in the consumption of anterior frontal resources by target stimuli under the two kinds of cues.

关键词： visual spatial attention cue scale event-related potential (ERP) Chinese character cues region cues.

The influence of anxiety on the framing effect

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The influence of anxiety on the framing effect

The effects of positive emotion on working memory:researches from ERPS

中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Ruolei GU,Yuejia LUO~* state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning,beijing normal university,beijing 100875,china *Corresponding author

＜正＞Objective Studies on the framing effect indicate that people tend to make risk-avoidant decisions when the choice is framed（***） as a choice between gains,but make risk-seeking decisions when it is framed as a choice between *** far,the role of anxiety and/or depression in decision-making under framing situations is *** examined the impact of anxiety and depression on the framing effect with a classical monetary gambling *** Participants were instructed that they would have to select either a "sure" or "gamble" *** gain frame trials,the sure option was presented as money retained;in loss frame trials,it was presented as money *** participants’ decision-making was coded as the proportion of sure option choices for each *** Anxiety,but not depression,had significant effects on framing-related *** levels of anxiety were correlated with stronger framing effects;most interestingly,high-anxious subjects were more risk-seeking in the loss frame compared to low-anxious subjects,which conflicts with previous findings that high-anxious people are consistently more *** The current findings provide evidences that,in contrast with bipolar/ tripolar theoretical models which suggest that all same-valence emotions produce similar cognitive effects,anxiety and depression induce distinct impacts on decision-making.

关键词： decision making framing effect emotion anxiety depression

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The effects of positive emotion on working memory:researches...

False belief reasoning in the brain: An ERP study

中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Yun-Ying DONG~1,Xin GAO~1,Ren-Lai ZHOU~(1,2,3,*),Pan LIU~2 1 key laboratory of Child Development and learning Science(Southeast university),Ministry of Education,Nanjing 210096,china 2 state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning,beijing normal university,beijing 100875,china 3 beijing key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology,beijing normal university,beijing 100875,china

＜正＞Objective Working memory is divided into separable subsystems,spatial working memory and verbal working memory involving manipulation and retention of visuospatial and verbal information *** present study is to assess the infuences of positive emotion on spatial and verbal working *** We applied the modified DMS paradigm（"picture - target - delay - probe" 4 stages for an experimental unit） with the positive and neutral picture from the International Affective Picture System（IAPS;Lang,Bradley ＆ Cuthbert,1999）,using ERP technology in healthy ***（a） Positive emotion impairs low load spatial working memory task, not high load,which is revealed by the lower P3 and slow wave in the maintaining phase,and the higher of early LPP, late LPP,and slow wave in the matching phase in the low load spatial working memory task,（b） Positive emotion in a certain extent facilitates both high and low load verbal working memory,which is revealed by the shorter task reaction time,and the higher mean amplitude of P2 in the decoding phase,the higher P3 and slow wave in the maintaining phase,and the lower LPP in the matching *** ERP components respectively reflected attention allocation, attention maintenance,and executive control processes of working *** This research finds the selective effects of positive emotion on working memory,and the interaction with working memory task load,which could primarily demonstrate the potential mechanism of how positive emotion affects working memory.

关键词： positive emotion spatial working memory verbal working memory task load

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2008年第1期51卷 72-79页

作者： WANG YiWen1,2,3, LIU Yan2, GAO YanXia2, CHEN Jing2, ZHANG Wenxin2 & LIN ChongDe3 1 Research Center of learning Science, Southeast university, Nanjing 210096, china 2 School of Psychology, Shandong normal university, Jinan 250014, china 3 The state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning, beijing normal university, beijing 100875, china Research Center of learning Science Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China School of Psychology Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China The state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning Beijing Normal University Beijing 1008 School of Psychology Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China The state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Understanding others mind and interpersonal interaction are the cognitive basis of successful social interactions. People's mental states and behaviors rely on their holding beliefs for self and others. To investigate the neural substrates of false belief reasoning, the 32 channels event-related potentials (ERP) of 14 normal adults were measured while they understood false-belief and true belief used de-ceptive appearance task. After onset of the false-belief or true-belief questions, N100, P200 and late negative component (LNC) were elicited at centro-frontal sites. Compared with true belief, false belief reasoning elicited significant declined LNC in the time window from 400 to 800 ms. The source analysis of difference wave (False minus True) showed a dipole located in the middle cingulated cortex. These findings show that false belief reasoning probably included inhibitive process.

关键词： theory-of-mind false belief event-related potentials late negative component (LNC) inhibition

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记忆提取促进学习:实验证据与机制解释

心理发展与教育 2011年第4期27卷 441-447页

作者：刘兆敏罗良张玮中国政法大学社会学院北京102249 北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室北京100875

人类学习的主流观点认为学习主要发生在编码阶段,记忆提取本身并不产生和促进学习。但最近多项研究对此提出了质疑,他们发现,在学习过程中,记忆提取更能促进学习内容的长时保持。本文首先对记忆提取促进学习的实验证据做简要梳理;之后... 详细信息

人类学习的主流观点认为学习主要发生在编码阶段,记忆提取本身并不产生和促进学习。但最近多项研究对此提出了质疑,他们发现,在学习过程中,记忆提取更能促进学习内容的长时保持。本文首先对记忆提取促进学习的实验证据做简要梳理;之后重点介绍关于记忆提取促进学习的多种解释机制,主要包括:侧重于从理论机制层面解释的记忆失用新理论,强调内在精细机制的精细提取假设,以及解释保持间隔(长、短)与学习方式(重复学习、学习-测试)交互作用的基于分布的二分模型;文章最后分析了当前研究记忆提取作用实验存在的一些问题,提出了今后的研究方向,强调应从多角度揭示记忆提取练习促进学习的机制。

关键词：记忆提取练习效应记忆失用新理论精细提取假设基于分布的二分模型

Reference values for amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram in infants from preterm to 3.5 months of age

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Reference values for amplitude-integrated electroencephalogr...