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Mature stand developmental stage has ceased to constitute the most suitable habitat for the capercaillie in the Augustow Forest,Poland

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 685-698页

作者： stanisław drozdowski Dorota Zawadzka Grzegorz Zawadzki Marcin Studnicki Bogdan Brzeziecki Institute of Forest Sciences Warsaw University of Life SciencesNowoursynowska 15902-776 WarszawaPoland Department of Forest Sciences University of LodzBranch in Tomaszow MazowieckiKonstytucji 3 Maja 65/6797-200 Tomaszow MazowieckiPoland Institute of Agriculture Warsaw University of Life SciencesNowoursynowska 15902-776 WarszawaPoland

Background:Forest management affects the habitat conditions for many forest-dwelling *** them,the capercaillie(Tetrao urogallus)is a rare forest grouse inhabiting old,mature *** compared the structure of forest habitat among 9 active and 9 abandoned leks in the Augustow Forest(North-Eastern Poland),within a radius of 1 km of the leks,defined as the Key Areas for the capercaillie in lowland temperate *** measurements were conducted on 1779 circular *** made on all plots related to 13 habitat variables measured or noted in the field,including stand structure,canopy closure,stand developmental stage,percentage of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris),soil fertility and soil moisture,the share of undergrowth,the cover of shrubs,the cover of bilberry(Vaccinium sp.),and the presence of certain habitat elements important to the ***:To compare the still-occupied and the abandoned KAs for the capercaillie,a logistic regression model was *** variables best explaining differences between these two categories were:the occurrence of undergrowth layers,canopy closure in the second canopy layer,and stand *** to the model,with the increase of the shrub-layer cover as well as the density of trees,the probability of the presence of the capercaillie *** capercaillie in the area of the Augustow Forest occupy mainly dry and poor,middle-aged,pinedominated forests,with a moderate extent of stand canopy closure and only weakly-developed layers of ***:The filling-in of mature stands with sub-canopy trees and shrubs(the process which is stimulated by climate change and site eutrophication)causes structural changes,which are unfavourable to the *** might explain why in the course of the recent decades the capercaillie has abandoned the oldest stands,distinguished by the presence of bigger shares of *** capercaillie has shifted to younger stands,which reveal a lesser ex

关键词： Habitat suitability Lek occupancy Logistic regression Lowland forest Stand structure Tetrao urogallus

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Nest-site selection by the white-tailed eagle and black stork–implications for conservation practice

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 781-792页

作者： Grzegorz Zawadzki Dorota Zawadzka Anna Sołtys stanisław drozdowski Department of Forest Protection Institute of Forest SciencesWarsaw University of Life SciencesNowoursynowska 15902-776 WarszawaPoland. Department of Forestry University ofŁódźBranch in Tomaszów MazowieckiKonstytucji Maja 65/67 97-200 Tomaszów MazowieckiPoland.3Department of SilvicultureInstitute of Forest SciencesWarsaw University of Life SciencesNowoursynowska 15902-776 WarszawaPoland.

Background:Nesting trees and habitat represent the key factor underpinning stand selection by forest-dwelling *** two large European species–the black stork(Ciconia nigra L.)and white-tailed eagle(Haliaaetus albicilla L.)–are known to require old,large trees for nesting,we sought to investigate further by comparing species requirements at the levels of the nesting tree,nesting stand,and *** entailed a detailed examination of forest features within circles of radius 15 m surrounding 16 and 19 trees holding the nests of storks and eagles *** same parameters were also checked in the vicinity of 50 randomly-selected mature ***:Our results indicate different nesting preferences,with the eagles entirely confining themselves to Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)–a species also chosen by black storks,which nevertheless regularly favour pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.).Both species select trees of greater girth than the random ones,but white-tailed eagles choose to nest in the vicinity of patches of mature old stands with a loose canopy,to the extent that nesting trees and surrounding trees are of similar *** contrast,black storks prefer“veteran”trees with low-set crowns that are much older than any others in their *** trees of the eagles are away from roads and close to lakes,while black storks do not avoid ***:As the ages of nesting trees of both species are greater than ages at final cutting in this region’s managed forest,silvicultural measures will need to be adjusted,with small patches of forest spared,or larger areas as“islands”of ***,as tending and thinning are engaged in,certain trees with horizontal branches will need to remain,with relict trees also left *** it happens,all of these recommendations are anyway key elements of close-to nature silviculture and multifunctional forestry.

关键词： Augustów Forest Poland Ciconia nigra Haliaeetus albicilla Nesting requirements Protection of nest sites Old trees Forest management

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Intestinal mucosal adaptation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第29期12卷 4614-4627页

作者： Laurie drozdowski Alan BR Thomson Nutrition and Metabolism Group University of Alberta Canada

Intestinal failure is a condition characterized by malnutrition and/or dehydration as a result of the inadequate digestion and absorption of nutrients. The most common cause of intestinal failure is short bowel syndrome, which occurs when the functional gut mass is reduced below the level necessary for adequate nutrient and water absorption. This condition may be congenital, or may be acquired as a result of a massive resection of the small bowel. Following resection, the intestine is capable of adaptation in response to enteral nutrients as well as other trophic stimuli. Identifying factors that may enhance the process of intestinal adaptation is an exciting area of research with important potential clinical applications.

关键词： Small intestine Transport Morphology Resection Short bowel syndrome Absorption Diet Gene expression Hyperplasia Enterocytes

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Ontogeny,growth and development of the small intestine:Understanding pediatric gastroenterology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第7期16卷 787-799页

作者： Laurie A drozdowski Tom Clandinin Alan BR Thomson Medical Affairs Mead Johnson NutritionalsOttawaOntarioK1S 5N4Canada Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaAlbertaT6G 2B7Canada Division of General Internal Medicine Department of MedicineUniversity of AlbertaAlbertaT6G 2B7Canada

Throughout our lifetime,the intestine *** alterations in its form and function may be genetically determined,and some are the result of adaptation to diet,temperature,or *** critical period programming of the intestine can be modified,such as from subtle differences in the types and ratios of n3:m6 fatty acids in the diet of the pregnant mother,or in the diet of the *** early forced adaptation may persist in later life,such as the unwanted increased intestinal absorption of sugars,fatty acids and ***,the ontogeny,early growth and development of the intestine is important for the adult gastroenterologist to appreciate,because of the potential for these early life events to affect the responsiveness of the intestine to physiological or pathological challenges in later life.

关键词： Intestinal development Ontogeny Pediatrics

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Intestinal hormones and growth factors:Effects on the small intestine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第4期15卷 385-406页

作者： Laurie drozdowski Alan BR Thomson Division of Gastroenterology University of Alberta

There are various hormones and growth factors which may modify the intestinal absorption of nutrients, and which might thereby be useful in a therapeutic setting, such as in persons with short bowel syndrome. In part I, we focus first on insulin-like growth factors, epidermal and transferring growth factors, thyroid hormones and glucocorticosteroids. Part Ⅱ will detail the effects of glucagon-like peptide （GLP）-2 on intestinal absorption and adaptation, and the potential for an additive effect of GLP2 plus steroids.

关键词： Epidermal growth factor Glucocortico-steroids Insulin-like growth factor-I/Ⅱ Intestinalgrowth Transforming growth factor-α-2 Hepatocytegrowth factor Keratinocyte growth factor

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Aging and the intestine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第47期12卷 7578-7584页

作者： Laurie drozdowski Alan BR Thomson Nutrition and Metabolism Group University of Alberta Canada

Over the lifetime of the animal, there are many changes in the function of the body’s organ systems. In the gastrointestinal tract there is a general modest decline in the function of the esophagus, stomach, colon, pancreas and liver. In the small intestine, there may be subtle alterations in the intestinal morphology, as well as a decline in the uptake of fatty acids and sugars. The malabsorption may be partially reversed by aging glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP2) or dexamethasone. Modifications in the type of lipids in the diet will influence the intestinal absorption of nutrients: for example, in mature rats a diet enriched with saturated as compared with polysaturated fatty acids will enhance lipid and sugar uptake, whereas in older animals the opposite effect is observed. Thus, the results of studies of the intestinal adaptation performed in mature rats does not necessarily apply in older animals. The age-associated malabsorption of nutrients that occurs with aging may be one of the several factors which contribute to the malnutrition that occurs with aging.

关键词： Aging Gastrointestinal tract Intestine Absorption Malnutrition

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Intestinal sugar transport

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第11期12卷 1657-1670页

作者： Laurie A drozdowski Alan BR Thomson Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of Alberta5150 Dentistry Pharmacy BuildingEdmontonABT6G 2N8Canada 130 University Campus Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineUniversity of AlbertaZeidler Ledcor CenterEdmontonABT6G 2X8Canada

Carbohydrates are an important component of the diet. The carbohydrates that we ingest range from simple monosaccharides （glucose, fructose and galactose） to disaccharides （lactose, sucrose） to complex polysaccharides. Most carbohydrates are digested by salivary and pancreatic amylases, and are further broken down into monosaccharides by enzymes in the brush border membrane （BBM） of enterocytes. For example, lactase-phloridzin hydrolase and sucraseisomaltase are two disaccharidases involved in the hydrolysis of nutritionally important disaccharides. Once monosaccharides are presented to the BBM, mature enterocytes expressing nutrient transporters transport the sugars into the enterocytes. This paper reviews the early studies that contributed to the development of a working model of intestinal sugar transport, and details the recent advances made in understanding the process by which sugars are absorbed in the intestine.

关键词： Glucose Fructose SGLT1 GLUT2 GLUT5 Transport Intestine Enterocytes Sugar

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Morphological,kinetic,membrane biochemical and genetic aspects of intestinal enteroplasticity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第7期15卷 774-787页

作者： Laurie A drozdowski M Tom Clandinin Alan BR Thomson Medical Affairs Mead Johnson Nutritionals Department of Agriculture Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Alberta Division of Internal Medicine Department of MedicineUniversity of Alberta

The process of intestinal adaptation("enteroplasticity") is complex and *** a number of trophic nutrients and non-nutritive factors have been identified in animal studies,successful,reproducible clinical trials in humans are *** mechanisms underlying this adaptive process may direct research toward strategies that maximize intestinal function and impart a true clinical benefit to patients with short bowel syndrome,or to persons in whom nutrient absorption needs to be *** this review,we consider the morphological,kinetic and membrane biochemical aspects of enteroplasticity,focus on the importance of nutritional factors,provide an overview of the many hormones that may alter the adaptive process,and consider some of the possible molecular *** most of the data is derived from rodent studies,wherever possible,the results of human studies of intestinal enteroplasticity are provided.

关键词： Diabetes Diet Hormonal regulation Intestinal resection Mechanisms Morphology Nutrientabsorption Short bowel syndrome Signals

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Nutritional modulation of the inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease-From the molecular to the integrative to the clinical

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第1期13卷 1-7页

作者： Gary E Wild Laurie drozdowski Carmela Tartaglia M Tom Clandinin Alan BR Thomson Department of Medicine Division of Gastroen- terology McGill University Montreal Quebec Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada Division of Gastro- enterology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada Department of Physiology McGill Univer- sity Montreal Quebec Canada Department of Agriculture Foods and Nutri- tion University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada

Nutrient deficiencies are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）. Both total parenteral and enteral nutrition provide important supportive therapy for IBD patients, but in adults these are not useful for primary therapy. Dietary intervention with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in fish oil may be useful for the care of IBD patients, and recent studies have slyessed the role of PPAR on NFKB activity on the potential beneficial effect of dietary lipids on intestinal function.

关键词： Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Enteral nutrition Parenteral nutrition Glutamine Fiber Long chain fatty acids

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新一代ST27系列高压比径流式涡轮增压器

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国外内燃机车 2012年第6期 8-15页

作者： Roman drozdowski 刘景宝

大中型柴油机(尤其是使用重油的发动机)未来发展的最大挑战将是满足更加严格的环保要求,涡轮增压系统通过提高压比和效率可为这种发展提供最有力的保障。KBB公司的HPR系列涡轮增压器自问世以来,一直是市场上的佼佼者。KBB公司将以其新的... 详细信息

大中型柴油机(尤其是使用重油的发动机)未来发展的最大挑战将是满足更加严格的环保要求,涡轮增压系统通过提高压比和效率可为这种发展提供最有力的保障。KBB公司的HPR系列涡轮增压器自问世以来,一直是市场上的佼佼者。KBB公司将以其新的ST27系列径流式涡轮增压器继续应对这种挑战。在HPR系列成功的基础上,新的ST27系列涡轮增压器将压比提升到5.5,仍维持很高的总效率。为满足发动机新的需求,ST27系列在HPR系列基础上扩展了两种规格,因而可适用于功率范围为300～4800kW的气体燃料、柴油和重油发动机。然而,ST3—ST6型增压器的外形尺寸与HPR3000—HPR6000型增压器的保持相同。ST2型增压器设计用于较小的体积流量,而ST7型增压器则针对较大的体积流量设计。ST27系列增压器已经投放市场,其整个系列将于2010年年底前推出。本文将介绍ST27系列涡轮增压器主要部件的开发,诸如轴承和压气机设计,包括为采用新的空冷系统而进行的旋转叶轮的温度测量。在涡轮增压器试验台和发动机试验台上成功地进行了广泛的性能鉴定试验。本文将详细介绍径流式涡轮叶轮的开发过程。高转速和高温,尤其是叶片振动,使得涡轮叶轮成为涡轮增压器中最关键的一个部件。然而,用于开发的时间又很短。有效而又快速的设计和评价工具可最大限度地减少样机制作和试验的工作量,在设计过程中了解可能发生的最大振动应力是非常重要的。因此,通过一种简单的激振模型提供了一种对径流式涡轮叶片振动应力进行估算的方法。在设计过程中,叶片之间的几何差异引起的失谐效应导致了进一步的不确定性。本文介绍这种由几何因素造成的叶片失谐形成的效应以及由此引起的对峰值振动应力影响进行的模拟与分析,并给出相应的叶片振动的测量结果。

关键词：径流式涡轮增压器高压比轴承失谐振动

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