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Livelihood Diversification as an Adaptation Approach to Change in the Pastoral Hindu-Kush Himalayan Region

Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1342-1355页

作者： WU Ning Muhammad ISMAIL srijana JOSHI YI Shao-liang Ritu Meher SHRESTHA Abdul Wahid JASRA International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development G.P.O Box 3226 Kathmandu Nepal Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Migratory livestock raising has been one of the most important livelihood options for people residing in high mountain areas and has made a significant contribution to the economy of the Hindu Kush Himalayan(HKH) region, both in terms of supporting households and in export earnings. However, in recent decades, changes in the socioeconomic situation and increasing climate variability have led to a need to enhance adaptation by building the resilience of local socio-ecological systems, including economic diversification and sustainable management of natural resources. Based on semistructured interviews with pastoral communities in six countries within the pastoral HKH region, this paper discusses the situation, trends and driving forces behind the diversification of pastoral livelihood. For internal diversification the study highlights the need for enhancement of pastoral livelihoods through value-adding activities in the pastoral sectors. For external diversification changes on policy changes are needed to support free out-migration, market exploitation, and multiple resource use. Finally the paper highlights the role of education in determining household adaptation strategies in the face of various socio-ecological pressures and recommends integrating innovative and indigenous knowledge to develop appropriate methods for risk management and resource management in the pastoral HKH region.

关键词： Adaptive capacity Diversification Livelihoods Pastoralism Himalaya

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Estimation of Shear Wave Structure and Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio at Different Sites in Kathmandu Valley

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第5期7卷 300-308页

作者： srijana Poudel Subesh Ghimire Central Department of Geology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal

The present study was carried out to evaluate resonant frequency of the ground and to characterize subsurface ground based on shear wave velocity structure. For this, five sites were selected such as Pulchowk, Chhauni, Gaushala, Buddhanagar and Bhainsepati. About 20 data were recorded in each site and then shear wave velocity structure and graph of amplification ratio with their spatial distribution has been established with the help of software i.e. Seisimager/Seismodule Controller. The results of both analysis methods were then compared to the amplitude of the Gorkha Earthquake and borehole data. All these data and study indicates that the Kathmandu Valley sediments are dependent on the frequency of the seismic waves and the wave velocity is greater in the peripheral region than in the central part of the Valley. The result had also shown that the presence of silty-sand, clay and loose gravel soil with low bearing capacity and elastic modulus in most of the sites are responsible for devastation. It was also noted that apart from few limitations, a non-intrusive microtremor analysis can be adopted for earthquake site characterization in the Kathmandu Valley which can be readily applied and expanded upon in future seismic hazard and microzonation efforts for Kathmandu.

关键词： Microtremor Passive Source Array Borehole Microzonation

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Prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy,associated factors and pregnancy complications in a primigravida population

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2023年第2期3卷 119-123页

作者： Rachel Mathew Benita P.Devanesan srijana N.S.Sreedevi Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences&Research CentreThiruvalla689101KeralaIndia

Background:Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy(HDP)are among obstetrics'most intriguing and yet unsolved *** is one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and *** study estimates the prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy,their associated risk factors and pregnancy complications in primiparous ***:All primigravida who gave birth in our hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were included in the *** prevalence,risk factors,mode of delivery,and maternal and fetal outcomes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in primigravidae were collected from the patient's medical *** analysis was done using the SPSS 18.0 software *** Chi-square test was used to analyse the association between the risk factors and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in ***:A total of 807 women were included in the study,and the mean age was 26.34±3.84 *** prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in primigravidae was found to be 18.6%.Among the prevalent population,79.3%of women had gestational *** findings indicate that hypertension in pregnancy has a significant relationship with risk factors such as increased maternal age(p30 kg/m^(2)(p<0.001),hyperglycaemia in pregnancy(p<0.001),IVF pregnancy(p<0.004)and polycystic ovary syndrome(p<0.001).The most reported adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes were placental abruption(p<0.001),postpartum haemorrhage(p<0.001),prematurity(p<0.001),and fetal growth restriction(p<0.001).Conclusion:The study emphasises the importance of knowledge and timely assessment of risk factors of *** also highlights the need for pre-conceptional counselling,which includes early detection,careful monitoring and treatment of HDP for preventing morbidity and mortality related to this disorder and it should be followed up even in the postpartum period.

关键词： Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy Maternal outcome Perinatal outcome Primigravidae

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尼泊尔儿童弱视种类及治疗结果(英文)

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国际眼科杂志 2013年第1期13卷 14-17页

作者： srijana Adhikari Ujjowala Shrestha 迪甘佳眼科中心尼泊尔加德满都

目的:研究尼泊尔儿童弱视类型以及影响治疗结果的相关因素。方法:该研究为以医院为基础的回顾性研究。对 2009-06 /2011-06 注册登记的 257 名弱视儿童的诊断记录进行了回顾性分析。弱视的类型分为屈光参差性、双眼屈光不正性、斜视性... 详细信息

目的:研究尼泊尔儿童弱视类型以及影响治疗结果的相关因素。方法:该研究为以医院为基础的回顾性研究。对 2009-06 /2011-06 注册登记的 257 名弱视儿童的诊断记录进行了回顾性分析。弱视的类型分为屈光参差性、双眼屈光不正性、斜视性和混合性弱视。双眼屈光不正性弱视儿童单独给予戴镜治疗,斜视性弱视每天给予 6h 修补治疗,屈光参差性和混合性弱视根据需要给予修补和光学矫正。主要检测为术后视力,并分析就诊时的年龄、弱视类型、初始视力以及屈光不正的类型和严重程度对最终视力的影响。结果:儿童年龄范围为 3 ～ 15( 平均 7. 96±3. 09) 岁。双眼屈光不正性弱视为最常见类型( 35. 8%) ,其余依次为斜视性弱视( 31.9%) ,屈光参差性为 23. 0%,混合性弱视为9. 3% 。双眼屈光不正性弱视的平均最终视力 ( 0. 295 ±0. 25) 比其他类型的要好( logMAR 视力检测,P = 0. 001) 。最终视力与就诊年龄、屈光不正的类型和严重程度没有显著的相关性( P 值分别为 0. 98,P = 0. 12) ,但是最终视力与就诊时初始视力有显著相关性( P=0.00) 。结论:双眼屈光不正性弱视为最常见的,术后视力也是最好的、最初的视力是成功治疗弱视的最重要因素。

关键词：弱视双眼屈光不正性弱视尼泊尔

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Effective Return Rate Prediction of Blockchain Financial Products Using Machine Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 2303-2316页

作者： K.Kalyani Velmurugan Subbiah Parvathy Hikmat A.M.Abdeljaber T.Satyanarayana Murthy srijana Acharya Gyanendra Prasad Joshi Sung Won Kim PG and Research Department of Computer Science Marudupandiyar College(Affiliated to Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli)Thanjavur613403India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Kalasalingam Academy of Research and EducationKrishnankoil626126TamilnaduIndia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information TechnologyApplied Science Private UniversityAmmanJordan Department of Information Technology Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of TechnologyHyderabadTelangana500075India Department of Convergence Science Kongju National UniversityGongju32588Korea Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan-siGyeongbuk-do38541Korea

In recent times,financial globalization has drastically increased in different ways to improve the quality of services with advanced *** successful applications of bitcoin Blockchain(BC)techniques enable the stockholders to worry about the return and risk of financial *** stockholders focused on the prediction of return rate and risk rate of financial ***,an automatic return rate bitcoin prediction model becomes essential for BC financial *** newly designed machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)approaches pave the way for return rate predictive *** study introduces a novel Jellyfish search optimization based extreme learning machine with autoencoder(JSO-ELMAE)for return rate prediction of BC financial *** presented JSO-ELMAE model designs a new ELMAE model for predicting the return rate of financial ***,the JSO algorithm is exploited to tune the parameters related to the ELMAE model which in turn boosts the classification *** application of JSO technique assists in optimal parameter adjustment of the ELMAE model to predict the bitcoin return *** experimental validation of the JSO-ELMAE model was executed and the outcomes are inspected in many *** experimental values demonstrated the enhanced performance of the JSO-ELMAE model over recent state of art approaches with minimal RMSE of 0.1562.

关键词： Financial products blockchain return rate prediction model machine learning parameter optimization

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使用血管壁MRI和MRA评价ICAD患者夹层影像特征和一级侧支循环与缺血性卒中的关系及颈动脉蹼与颈动脉夹层的关系

使用血管壁MRI和MRA评价ICAD患者夹层影像特征和一级侧支循环与缺...

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作者： srijana SHRESTHA 昆明医科大学

学位级别：硕士

目标:1、利用VW-MRI和3D-TOF MRA评估自发性颈内动脉夹层(ICAD)患者的夹层影像特征和一级侧支循环与缺血性卒中发生的关系。2、探讨自发性ICAD患者颈动脉蹼与颈动脉夹层的关系。方法:在昆明医科大学第一附属医院进行的前瞻性研究。本研... 详细信息

目标:1、利用VW-MRI和3D-TOF MRA评估自发性颈内动脉夹层(ICAD)患者的夹层影像特征和一级侧支循环与缺血性卒中发生的关系。2、探讨自发性ICAD患者颈动脉蹼与颈动脉夹层的关系。方法:在昆明医科大学第一附属医院进行的前瞻性研究。本研究分为两部分。第一部分共有28名ICAD患者被纳入研究,分为卒中组(N=18)和非卒中组(N=10)。比较两组患者的颈动脉夹层的影像特征(如IMH、内膜瓣、双腔征、IMH长度、腔内血栓、狭窄程度等)及一级侧支循环状况。通过评分评价一级侧支的情况(评分范围0～4分)。前交通动脉及同侧大脑前动脉A1段评分范围0～2分,同侧后交通动脉评分范围0～2分。第二部分,共有223名患者入组,分为ICAD组(N=33)、VBAD组(N=25)和对照组(N=165)。记录三组内患者的颈动脉球后方是否有颈动脉蹼的存在,并比较三组间的差异。记录颈动脉蹼与颈内动脉夹层起点之间的距离。使用IBM SPSS version 25进行统计分析。结果:第一部分:两组在双腔征、内膜瓣、IMH、IMH长度、腔内血栓等夹层影像学特征上无统计学差异,两组间狭窄程度及一级侧支循环评分上有统计学差异。且原发性ICAD患者一级侧支循环和狭窄程度与发生脑卒中的危险度分别为3.45和0.22。第二部分:ICAD组、VBAD组和对照组颈动脉蹼的出现率之间有统计学差异(分别为57.6%、20%和21.8%;P=<0.001)。在多指标分析中,ICAD组与VBAD两组之间在颈动脉蹼的存在上有统计学差异,危险度为2.87。ICAD组与对照组之间在颈动脉蹼的存在上有统计学差异(P<0.05),危险度为2.62)。33例ICAD患者中19例合并颈动脉蹼,其中16例的ICA C1段出现夹层,夹层起点距颈动脉蹼平均距离为1.91±1.71厘米。结论:1、一级侧支循环不良和严重狭窄在自发性ICAD患者缺血性卒中的发生中均起重要作用,但一级侧支循环不良可能是最重要的预测因素。早期MRI对ICAD患者Willis环状况的评估有助于制定治疗策略,提高临床疗效。2、ICAD患者颈动脉蹼的出现率较高。颈动脉蹼可能是ICAD患者发生夹层的危险因素之一。颈动脉蹼的早期识别有助于个体风险的早期预测,优化治疗方案,提高临床疗效。

关键词：缺血性中风侧支循环夹层颈动脉蹼血管壁MRI 诱发因素

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Variation in Plant Functional Traits along Altitudinal Gradient and Land Use Types in Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第4期10卷 595-614页

作者： srijana Shah Krishna Kumar Shrestha Christoph Scheidegger Department of Plant Resources National Botanical Garden Kathmandu Nepal Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal (ESON) Kathmandu Nepal Swiss Federal Institute of Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) Birmensdorf Switzerland

Functional traits are predictors of plants in response to environmental stimuli. They represent specific functional adaptations to various environmental stresses. This study deals with the variation in plant functional traits along elevation gradient and land-use types in Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal. Two field investigations in April and September, 2011 were made to collect samples. Sampling was done from 2200 - 3800 m asl varying approx. 400 m. East and west facing aspects of each valley were chosen. In each aspect four land-use type categories including disturbed (cultivated land, exploited forest and meadow) and less disturbed natural forest were selected. A transect of 25 m long and 2.5 m wide was laid. Different eight traits of plants including lifeform, plant height, clonality, spinescence, leaf dry matter content, stem specific density, twig dry matter content and twig drying time were examined for 60 plant species belonging to 31 families, collected from 40 sampled plots. Nine different types of growth forms were recorded. Plant height of the investigated species ranged from 0.03 - 15 m. The stolon consisting species were dominant in exploited forests. Diversity of clonal species was more in meadow and non-clonal species were dominant in all the altitudes. Only eight species consisted of spines. In the disturbed land-use categories, we found high variation in a particular trait. Correlation analyses revealed the significant relationship (p < 0.01) among different traits. Herbs and shrubs were dominant at higher elevation and in disturbed land-use categories. Species from high altitude were mostly short basal herbs, while spinescence and tall trees were observed at lower altitudes. Species recorded in meadows and exploited forests showed high variation in traits due to disturbance mainly grazing, fire, litter collection and trampling. Altitudinal variation, climatic conditions and disturbance most strongly influence trait expression in the

关键词： Functional Traits Altitudinal Gradient Land-Use Types Disturbances

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腹腔镜与开腹手术比较治疗子宫内膜癌疗效与安全性的Meta分析

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中国循证医学杂志 2013年第5期13卷 596-604页

作者：王迪马彩玲叶远征 srijana Sharma 新疆医科大学第一附属医院妇科乌鲁木齐830054

目的系统评价腹腔镜与开腹手术比较治疗子宫内膜癌的疗效及安全性。方法计算机检索eCochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、Ovid、WanFang Data、VIP和CNKI数据库,收集腹腔镜和开腹手术比较治疗子宫内膜癌疗效及安全性的随机对照试验,检索... 详细信息

目的系统评价腹腔镜与开腹手术比较治疗子宫内膜癌的疗效及安全性。方法计算机检索eCochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、Ovid、WanFang Data、VIP和CNKI数据库,收集腹腔镜和开腹手术比较治疗子宫内膜癌疗效及安全性的随机对照试验,检索时限从1998.1～2012.9,由两名评价者按照纳入与排除标准选择试验、提取资料和评价质量后,采用RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入10个随机对照试验,共6 993例患者。Meta分析结果显示与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜癌术中出血量更少、术前与术后第1天血红蛋白下降值更低、术后排气时间和住院时间更短、术后并发症发生率更低。但腹腔镜的手术时间更长、术中并发症发生率更高。此外,两组在术中清扫盆腔淋巴结数目、术中清扫腹主动脉旁淋巴结数目及术后随访3～5年子宫内膜癌复发率和死亡率方面,其差异均无统计学意义。结论腹腔镜手术较开腹手术术中出血量更少、术前与术后第1天血红蛋白下降值更低、术后排气时间和住院时间更短、术后并发症发生率更低;但开腹手术的术中并发症发生率比腹腔镜手术组低且手术时间短;两种手术方式在清扫盆腔淋巴结和腹主动脉旁淋巴结数目及术后随访3～5年子宫内膜癌复发率和死亡率方面相似。由于纳入研究数量有限且方法学质量不高,本研究结果尚需更多高质量的随机对照试验进一步证实。

关键词：子宫内膜癌腹腔镜手术开腹手术 Meta分析系统评价随机对照试验

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白介素21及22在木村病中的表达及意义

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中华口腔医学杂志 2015年第11期50卷 661-666页

作者：陈青立胡露露龚忠诚 srijana Dwa 尹小朋林兆全新疆医科大学第一附属医院口腔颌面肿瘤外科乌鲁木齐830054

目的探讨白介素21（interleukin-21,IL-21）及IL-22在木村病（Kimura＇s disease）中的表达及意义.方法通过免疫组化SP法检测36例木村病（木村病组）和7例非木村病对照者（对照组）中IL-21及IL-22的表达,利用Image Pro Plus 6.0软件... 详细信息

目的探讨白介素21（interleukin-21,IL-21）及IL-22在木村病（Kimura＇s disease）中的表达及意义.方法通过免疫组化SP法检测36例木村病（木村病组）和7例非木村病对照者（对照组）中IL-21及IL-22的表达,利用Image Pro Plus 6.0软件测定两组IL-21及IL-22的积分吸光度值（integrated absorbance,IA）并进行比较;收集所有木村病患者性别（男、女）、年龄（＜35岁、≥35岁）、发病部位（单侧、双侧）及肿物最大直径（＜3.5 cm、≥3.5 cm）、累及部位（较多、较少）、局部瘙痒情况（有、无）、血嗜酸性粒细胞百分比（高、低）和随访结果（复发、未复发）等临床信息,分析IL-21、IL-22在上述临床指标各亚组间的表达差异.结果木村病患者IL-21 IA[M（Q）]为1 373 418（1 800 926）,IL-22IA[M（Q）]为462 086（484 672）,均显著高于对照组[IL-21、IL-22IA分别为70 445（44 658）、51 599（71 241）,P＜0.05].36例木村病患者IL-21的表达中,无瘙痒组及无复发组分别显著高于瘙痒组及复发组（Z=-1.993,P＜0.05;Z=-2.303,P＜0.05）;IL-22的表达中,受累部位数较多组及高嗜酸性粒细胞组显著高于受累部位数较少及低嗜酸性粒细胞组（Z=-1.979,P＜0.05;Z=-2.025,P＜0.05）.性别、年龄、发病部位及肿物最大直径各亚组间IL-21及IL-22的表达差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 IL-21及IL-22参与木村病的发病过程,其表达与木村病的致病机制可能有密切关系.

关键词：白细胞介素类血管淋巴样增生,嗜酸粒细胞增多性木村病

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嗜酸性粒细胞增生性淋巴肉芽肿的免疫研究进展

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国际口腔医学杂志 2016年第2期43卷 181-186页

作者：陈青立 srijana Dwa Karmesh Bajracharya 龚忠诚新疆医科大学第一附属医院颌面肿瘤外科乌鲁木齐830054

嗜酸性粒细胞增生性淋巴肉芽肿也称木村病(KD),伴有嗜酸性粒细胞和血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)E升高。低亲和力Ig E受体表达于B细胞、T细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞表面,调节各种免疫应答。在KD初发和复发患者中,Ig G4均增高,被看作非主要致病性抗体。滤... 详细信息

嗜酸性粒细胞增生性淋巴肉芽肿也称木村病(KD),伴有嗜酸性粒细胞和血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)E升高。低亲和力Ig E受体表达于B细胞、T细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞表面,调节各种免疫应答。在KD初发和复发患者中,Ig G4均增高,被看作非主要致病性抗体。滤泡树突细胞分泌的趋化因子、黏附分子和营养因子可调控B细胞免疫应答并作用于局部微环境。嗜酸性粒细胞分泌的嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白在KD发病过程中起着重要的作用。肥大细胞可促进嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润并诱导B细胞合成Ig E。KD患者血清补体C5a高反应性可以调节补体活化后介导的细胞免疫应答。白细胞介素(IL)-4可诱导Ig E合成,IL-5、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子和IL-3可促使嗜酸性粒细胞局灶浸润。嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子与调节正常T细胞表达和分泌因子一起参与嗜酸性粒细胞在炎症处的聚集。Th细胞又分为Th1和Th2细胞,Th1细胞参与细胞免疫反应,Th2细胞参与体液免疫及变态反应性免疫反应。嗜酸性粒细胞增多及Ig E升高,可能系Th2细胞在KD发病机制中起着重要的作用。

关键词：嗜酸性粒细胞增生性淋巴肉芽肿木村病免疫紊乱

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