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Genes, emotions and gut microbiota:The next frontier for the gastroenterologist

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第17期23卷 3030-3042页

作者： Arturo Panduro Ingrid Rivera-Iniguez Maricruz Sepulveda-Villegas sonia roman Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine Civil Hospital of Guadalajara“Fray Antonio Alcalde” Health Sciences Center University of Guadalajara

Most medical specialties including the field of gastroenterology are mainly aimed at treating diseases rather than preventing them. Genomic medicine studies the health/disease process based on the interaction of the human genes with the environment. The gastrointestinal(GI) system is an ideal model to analyze the interaction between our genes, emotions and the gut microbiota. Based on the current knowledge, this mini-review aims to provide an integrated synopsis of this interaction to achieve a better understanding of the GI disorders related to bad eating habits and stress-related disease. Since human beings are the result of an evolutionary process, many biological processes such as instincts, emotions and behavior are interconnected to guarantee survival. Nourishment is a physiological need triggered by the instinct of survival to satisfy the body's energy demands. The brain-gut axis comprises a tightly connected neuralneuroendocrine circuitry between the hunger-satiety center, the dopaminergic reward system involved in the pleasure of eating and the gut microbiota that regulates which food we eat and emotions. However, genetic variations and the consumption of high-sugar and high-fat diets have overridden this energy/pleasure neurocircuitry to the point of addiction of several foodstuffs. Consequently, a gut dysbiosis generates inflammation and a negative emotional state may lead to chronic diseases. Balancing this altered processes to regain health may involve personalized-medicine and genome-based strategies. Thus, an integrated approach based on the understanding of the gene-emotions-gut microbiota interaction is the next frontier that awaits the gastroenterologist to prevent and treat GI disorders associated with obesity and negative emotions.

关键词： Genes Emotions Brain reward system Gut microbiota Gastrointestinal disease Personalized medicine Genome-based nutrition Nutrigenetics Food decision-making Obesity

Genome-based nutrition:An intervention strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第12期21卷 3449-3461页

作者： sonia roman Claudia Ojeda-Granados Omar Ramos-Lopez Arturo Panduro Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde"GuadalajaraJalisco Mexico and Health Sciences Center University of Guadalajara

Obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are increasing in westernized countries, regardless of their geographiclocation. In Latin America, most countries, including Mexico, have a heterogeneous admixture genome with Amerindian, European and African ancestries. However, certain high allelic frequencies of several nutrientrelated polymorphisms may have been achieved by past gene-nutrient interactions. Such interactions may have promoted the positive selection of variants adapted to regional food sources. At present, the unbalanced diet composition of the Mexicans has led the country to a 70% prevalence rate of overweightness and obesity due to substantial changes in food habits, among other factors. International guidelines and intervention strategies may not be adequate for all populations worldwide because they do not consider disparities in genetic and environmental factors, and thus there is a need for differential prevention and management strategies. Here, we provide the rationale for an intervention strategy for the prevention and management of obesity-related diseases such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis based on a regionalized genome-based diet. The components required to design such a diet should focus on the specific ancestry of each population around the world and the convenience of consuming traditional ethnic food.

关键词： Latin America Mexico Gene-nutrient interactions Ev

Alcoholism and liver disease in Mexico:Genetic and environmental factors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第44期19卷 7972-7982页

作者： sonia roman Eloy Alfonso Zepeda-Carrillo Laura Eugenia Moreno-Luna Arturo Panduro Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" and Health Sciences Center University of GuadalajaraGuadalajara Jalisco 44280 Mexico Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit and Hospital Civil Tepic "Antonio González Guevara" Tepic Nayarit 63000 Mexico

Alcoholism and cirrhosis,which are two of the most serious health problems worldwide,have a broad spectrum of clinical *** diseases are influenced by genetic susceptibility and cultural traits that differ globally but are specific for each *** contrast to other regions around the world,Mexicans present the highest drinking score and a high mortality rate for alcoholic liver disease with an intermediate category level of per capita alcohol *** has a unique history of alcohol consumption that is linked to profound anthropological and social *** Mexican population has an admixture genome inherited from different races,Caucasian,Amerindian and African,with a heterogeneous distribution within the ***,genes related to alcohol addiction,such as dopamine receptor D2 in the brain,or liver alcoholmetabolizing enzymes,such as alcohol dehydrogenase classⅠpolypeptide B,cytochrome P450 2E1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase class 2,may vary from one individual to ***,they may be inherited as risk or non-risk haplogroups that confer susceptibility or resistance either to alcohol addiction or abusive alcohol consumption and possibly liver ***,in this era of genomics,personalized medicine will benefit patients if it is directed according to individual or population-based *** association studies will be required to establish novel strategies for the prevention,care and treatment of liver disease in Mexico and worldwide.

关键词： Alcohol Genes Alcoholism Alcohol dependence Alcohol addiction Alcohol abuse Alcoholic liver cirrhosis Anthropology

Immunologic, metabolic and genetic factors in hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第13期20卷 3443-3456页

作者： Nora A Fierro Karina Gonzalez-Aldaco Rafael Torres-Valadez Erika Martinez-Lopez sonia roman Arturo Panduro Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine Civil Hospital of Guadalajara"Fray Antonio Alcalde" and Health Sciences CenterUniversity of GuadalajaraGuadalajara 44280JaliscoMexico

The mechanisms that regulate disease progression during hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection and the response to treatment are not clearly *** studies have demonstrated that a strong host immune response against HCV favors HCV *** addition,genetic factors and metabolic machinery,particularly cholesterol modulation,are involved in HCV *** is likely that the interplay between all of these factors contributes to the outcome of HCV *** recent years,the world has experienced its largest epidemic of *** and the United States are the leading sufferers from this epidemic at the global *** is associated with the development ofnumerous pathologies including hypercholesterolemia which is one of the eight most important risk factors for mortality in *** may be related to the course of HCV infection in this ***,we focus on the urgent need to study the progression of HCV infection in relation to ethnic *** are discussed that hold promise in identifying immune,metabolic and genetic factors that,in conjunction,could be therapeutic targets or predictors of the progression of HCV infection.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Immune response Lipids Metabolism Genetics

High Frequency of Antiviral Resistance Mutations in HBV Genotypes A2 and H: Multidrug Resistance Strains in Mexico

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第5期11卷 1023-1034页

作者： Alexis Jose-Abrego sonia roman João Renato Rebello Pinho Michele Soares Gomes-Gouvêa Arturo Panduro Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology Civil Hospital of Guadalajara“Fray Antonio Alcalde”GuadalajaraJaliscoMexico Health Sciences Center University of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJaliscoMexico LIM07 Department of GastroenterologyUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein São PauloBrazil

Background and Aims:Lamivudine(3TC),telbivudine(LdT),entecavir(ETV),adefovir(ADF),and tenofovir(TFV)are drugs used to treat hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,but specific mutations allow some viruses to become resistant to antiviral drugs or to acquire immune escape *** mutations have not been thoroughly investigated in *** study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HBV antiviral resistance and escape ***:This cross-sectional study analyzed 158 *** DNA was extracted,amplified,and sequenced in serum samples using the spin column method,PCR assay,and Sanger’s sequencing,*** genotypes were determined,and HBV mutations were tested using the Geno2pheno ***:Overall,68.4%(108/158)of HBV patients were infected with genotype H,followed by G(11.4%,18/158),A2(10.8%,17/158),F1b(6.9.0%,11/158),D(1.9%,3/158),and E(0.6%,1/158),and 5.1%(8/158)had evidence of *** prevalence of resistance mutations was 8.2%(13/158)and the most common combined mutation was rt180M+***,we found the combinations rt180M+rt204V+rt173L(n=2)and rt180M+rt204V+rt202G(n=1)that confer multidrug resistance to 3TC,LdT,and *** mutations were found in genotypes A2(11.8%,2/17),and H(10.2%,11/108),and escape mutations were detected in HBV genotypes A2(11.8%,2/17),H(10.2%,11/108),F1b(9.1%,1/11)and G(5.6%,1/18).Conclusions:The highest prevalence of antiviral resistance mutations or escape mutations was detected in HBV genotypes A2 and *** earliest cases of HBV multidrug resistance were detected in Mexico.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Drug resistance mutations Multidrug resistance strain Immune escape

Hepatitis C virus clearance and less liver damage in patients with high cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and APOE ε4 allele

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第38期25卷 5826-5837页

作者： Karina Gonzalez-Aldaco sonia roman Rafael Torres-Valadez Claudia Ojeda-Granados Luis A Torres-Reyes Arturo Panduro Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" and Health Sciences Center University of Guadalajara

BACKGROUND Cholesterol is related to improvements in the rate of sustained virological response and a robust immune response against the hepatitis C virus(HCV).APOE gene polymorphisms regulate cholesterol levels modifying the course of the HCV *** relationship between cholesterol,APOE alleles,and the outcome of HCV infection has not been evaluated in the admixed population of *** To investigate the role of APOE-ε2,-ε3,and-ε4 alleles and the metabolic profile in the outcome of HCV *** A total of 299 treatment-na?ve HCV patients were included in this retrospective *** were stratified in chronic hepatitis C(CHC)(n=206)and spontaneous clearance(SC)(n=93).A clinical record was *** tests were assessed by dry chemistry *** genotypes were determined using a Real-Time polymerase chain reaction *** Total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c),triglycerides,and hypercholesterolemia were higher in SC than CHC patients as well as the frequency of the APOEε4 allele(12.4%vs 7.3%).SC patients were overweight(54.8%).Theε4 allele was associated with SC(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.31-0.98,P=0.042)and mild fibrosis(F1-F2)in CHC patients(OR 0.091,95%CI 0.01-0.75,P=0.020).LDL-c≥101.5 mg/dL(OR=0.20,95%CI:0.10-0.41,P<0.001)and BMI≥26.6 kg/m2(OR=0.37,95%CI:0.18-0.76,P<0.001)were associated with SC status;while ALT≥50.5 IU/L was negatively associated(OR=5.67,95%CI:2.69-11.97,P<0.001).CONCLUSION In SC patients,the APOEε4 allele and LDL-c conferred a protective effect in the course of the HCV infection in the context of excess body weight.

关键词： Liver damage Body mass index Spontaneous hepatitis C virus clearance Low-density lipoprotein Cholesterol

Differential distribution of gene polymorphisms associated with hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,and hypoalphalipoproteinemia among Native American and Mestizo Mexicans

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第7期14卷 1408-1420页

作者： Rafael Torres-Valadez sonia roman Claudia Ojeda-Granados Karina Gonzalez-Aldaco Arturo Panduro Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology Civil Hospital of Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde/Health Sciences CenterUniversity of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJalisco 44280Mexico Unidad Especializada en Investigación Desarrollo e Innovación en Medicina Genómica Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de TecnologíaUniversidad Autónoma de NayaritUnidad Académica de Salud IntegralTepicNayarit 63173Mexico

BACKGROUND Dyslipidemias are metabolic abnormalities associated with chronic diseases caused by genetic and environmental *** Mexican population displays regional differences according to ethnicity with an impact on the type of *** To define the main dyslipidemias,the frequency of lipid-related risk alleles,and their association with hyperlipidemic states among different ethnic groups in West *** In a retrospective study,1324 adults were selected to compare dyslipidemias and lipid-related gene ***,clinical,and laboratory data were collected.A subgroup of 196 normal weight subjects without impaired glucose was selected for the association *** was determined by allelic discrimination *** Hypercholesterolemia was the most prevalent dyslipidemia(42.3%).The frequency of the risk alleles associated with hypoalphalipoproteinemia(ABCA1)and hypercholesterolemia(APOE,LDLR)was higher in the Native Americans(P=0.047).In contrast,the Mestizos with European ancestry showed a higher frequency of the risk alleles for hypertriglyceridemia(APOE2,MTTP)(P=0.045).In normal weight Mestizo subjects,the APOB TT and LDLR GG genotypes were associated risk factors for hypercholesterolemia(OR=5.33,95%CI:1.537-18.502,P=0.008 and OR=3.90,95%CI:1.042-14.583,P=0.043,respectively),and displayed an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels(APOB:β=40.39,95%CI:14.415-66.366,P=0.004;LDLR:β=20.77,95%CI:5.763-35.784,P=0.007).CONCLUSION Gene polymorphisms and dyslipidemias showed a differential *** primary health care strategies are required to mitigate their prevalence considering the genetic and environmental features which could have important implications for personalized medicine within the new era of precision medicine.

关键词： Dyslipidemia Ethnicity Genes Obesity Lipids Liver disease Diet

Hepatitis B virus infection in Latin America:A genomic medicine approach

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7181-7196页

作者： sonia roman Alexis Jose-Abrego Nora Alma Fierro Griselda Escobedo-Melendez Claudia Ojeda-Granados Erika Martinez-Lopez Arturo Puro Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" and University of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJalisco 44280Mexico Immunovirology Unit Department of Molecular Biology in MedicineCivil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" and University of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJalisco 44280Mexico Viral Hepatitis Clinic Pediatric Infectious Disease UnitDepartment of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyCivil Hospital of Guadalajara "Juan I.Menchaca" and University of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJalisco 44280Mexico

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is the leading cause of severe chronic liver *** article provides a critical view of the importance of genomic medicine for the study of HBV infection and its clinical outcomes in Latin *** levels of evolutionary adaptation may correlate with the clinical outcomes of HBV *** in Latin America are predominantly of genotype H in Mexico and genotype F in Central and South America;these strains have historically circulated among the indigenous *** genotypes appear to be linked to a benign course of disease among the native and mestizo Mexicans and native South *** contrast,genotypes F,A and D are common in acute and chronic infections among mestizos with Caucasian *** carcinoma is rare in Mexicans,but it has been associated with genotype F1b among *** observation illustrates the significance of ascertaining the genetic and environmental factors involved in the development of HBV-related liver disease in Latin America,which contrast with those reported in other regions of the world.

关键词： Genomic medicine Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B virus genotypes Latin America Mexico Central America South America

Genomic medicine in gastroenterology:A new approach or a new specialty?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第27期21卷 8227-8237页

作者： sonia roman Arturo Panduro Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" Mexico and Health Sciences Center University of Guadalajara

Throughout history, many medical milestones have been achieved to prevent and treat human ***'s early conception of illness was naturally holistic or integrative. However, scientific knowledge was atomized into quantitative and qualitative research. In the field of medicine, the main trade-off was the creation of many medical specialties that commonly treat patients in advanced stages of disease. However, now that we are immersed in the post-genomic era, how should we reevaluate medicine? Genomic medicine has evoked a medical paradigm shift based on the plausibility to predict the genetic susceptibility to disease. Additionally, the development of chronic diseases should be viewed as a continuum of interactions between the individual's genetic make-up and environmental factors such as diet, physical activity, and emotions. Thus, personalized medicine is aimed at preventing or reversing clinical symptoms, and providing a better quality of life by integrating the genetic, environmental and cultural factors of diseases. Whether using genomic medicine in the field of gastroenterology is a new approach or a new medical specialty remains an open question. To address this issue, it will require the mutual work of educational and governmental authorities with public health professionals, with the goal of translating genomic medicine into better health policies.

关键词： Chronic diseases Nutritional genomics Obesity Liver disease Gastrointestinal diseases