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Reduction of muscle contraction and pain in electroporation-based treatments:An overview

World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2021年第5期12卷 367-381页

作者： Roberta Fusco Elio Di Bernardo Valeria D'Alessio simona salati Matteo Cadossi Department of Medical Oncology IGEA SpACarpi 41012ModenaItaly

BACKGROUND In the first studies of electrochemotherapy(ECT),small cutaneous metastases were treated and only mild or moderate pain was observed;therefore,pain was not considered a significant *** the procedure began to be applied to larger cutaneous metastases,pain was reported more *** that reason,reduction of both muscle contractions and pain have been investigated over the *** To present an overview of different protocols described in literature that aim to reduce muscle contractions and pain caused by the electroporation(EP)effect in both ECT and irreversible EP *** Thirty-three studies published between January 1999 and November 2020 were *** protocol designs and electrode geometries that reduce patient pain and the number of muscle contractions and their intensity were *** The analysis showed that both high frequency and bipolar/biphasic pulses can be used to reduce pain and muscle contractions in patients who undergo EP ***,adequate electrode design can decrease EP-related ***,needle length,diameter and configuration of the distance between the needles can be optimised so that the muscle volume crossed by the current is reduced as much as ***/biphasic pulses with an inadequate pulse length seem to have a less evident effect on the membrane permeability compared with the standard pulse *** that reason,the number of pulses and the voltage amplitude,as well as the pulse duration and frequency,must be chosen so that the dose of delivered energy guarantees EP *** Pain reduction in EP-based treatments can be achieved by appropriately defining the protocol parameters and electrode *** results can be achieved with high frequency and/or bipolar/biphasic ***,the efficacy of these alternative protocols remains a crucial point to be assessed further.

关键词： Electrochemotherapy Irreversible electroporation Pain Muscle contraction Monopolar or monophasic pulses Bipolar or biphasic pulses

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The status of research and utilisation on the subtidal kelp along the Chilean coast:A literature review

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第12期41卷 7-17页

作者： simona Laukaityte Rodrigo Riera School of Natural Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydney 2109Australia Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life-Sciences University of GroningenGroningen 9747 AGthe Netherlands Biodiversity and Conservation Group(BIOCON) Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Acuicultura Sostenible y Ecosistemas Marinos(IU-ECOAQUA)Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran CanariaGran Canaria 35001Spain Departamento de Ecología Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Católica de la Santísima ConcepciónConcepción 2850Chile

The most important marine coastal ecosystem in the Chilean coast are kelp *** review is based on ecological studies regarding different aspects of subtidal kelp ecosystems along the Chilean *** highlights the most interesting findings in(1)biology of subtidal kelp in Chile,with particular reference to(2)habitats formed by kelp,and considered the successful examples and promising results in the(3)kelp as an industrial resource(Biotechnological approach of kelps and aquaculture).The impact caused by(4)El Niño-Southern Oscillation is discussed as an important climatic event that could help to forecast the future of the kelp *** addition,this literature review outlines the knowledge gaps on subtidal kelp along the Southeast Pacific Coast of Chile,so that research can be strengthened in the future.

关键词： kelp macroalgae harvesting commercial kelp subtidal SE Pacific Ocean

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Detecting Malicious Uniform Resource Locators Using an Applied Intelligence Framework

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 3827-3853页

作者： simona-Vasilica Oprea Adela Bara Department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics Bucharest University of Economic StudiesBucharest010572Romania

The potential of text analytics is revealed by Machine Learning(ML)and Natural Language Processing(NLP)*** this paper,we propose an NLP framework that is applied to multiple datasets to detect malicious Uniform Resource Locators(URLs).Three categories of features,both ML and Deep Learning(DL)algorithms and a ranking schema are included in the proposed *** apply frequency and prediction-based embeddings,such as hash vectorizer,Term Frequency-Inverse Dense Frequency(TF-IDF)and predictors,word to vector-word2vec(continuous bag of words,skip-gram)from Google,to extract features from ***,we apply more state-of-the-art methods to create vectorized features,such as ***,feature engineering that is specific to URL structure is deployed to detect scams and other *** framework assessment,four ranking indicators are weighted:computational time and performance as accuracy,F1 score and type error *** the computational time,we propose a new metric-Feature Building Time(FBT)as the cutting-edge feature builders(like doc2vec or GloVe)require more *** applying the proposed assessment step,the skip-gram algorithm of word2vec surpasses other feature builders in ***,eXtreme Gradient Boost(XGB)outperforms other *** this setup,we attain an accuracy of 99.5%and an F1 score of 0.99.

关键词： Detecting malicious URL classifiers text to feature deep learning ranking algorithms feature building time

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Conservation and modern architecture. Fortune and misfortune of the School of Mathematics at Rome University （G. Ponti, 1932-1935）

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2015年第3期4卷 186-201页

作者： simona Salvo Department of Architectural History Survey and Conservation 'Sapienza' University of Rome Rome 00185 Italy

The framework of the Italian restoration doctrine is based on the reception and transmission of the memory of the past. However, interventions in modern architecture represent a radical drift in the sense that they mostly consist of reconstructions, refurbishments, and renovations. Such work disresards the sense of value acknowledgment that is implicit in architectural conservation and neglects the importance of material conservation. The uneven fortune of the School of Mathematics at Rome＇s University Campus illustrates this situation. This predicament is similar to that of many other modern buildinss that have been declared ＂monuments＂ by mouth but are actually bent to listless and insensible use, mistreated, and hardly maintained. The recent work carded out at the School of Mathematics proves that interventions on modern buildings are mostly insensitive to their true significance and are often carded out in extreme urgency for mere practical reasons, if not for political opportunities. Modern buildings can be true architectural monuments that express great esthetic potentials and retain notable historical weight in the history of architecture; therefore, they should be regarded as highly representative of our recent past and maintained as such.

关键词： Conservation Restoration Modern architecture

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Bone remodeling:an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence

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Bone Research 2022年第3期10卷 421-439页

作者： simona Bolamperti Isabella Villa Alessandro Rubinacci Osteoporosis and Bone and Mineral Metabolism Unit IRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 6020132 MilanoItaly

Bone remodeling replaces old and damaged bone with new bone through a sequence of cellular events occurring on the same surface without any change in bone shape. It was initially thought that the basic multicellular unit(BMU) responsible for bone remodeling consists of osteoclasts and osteoblasts functioning through a hierarchical sequence of events organized into distinct stages. However, recent discoveries have indicated that all bone cells participate in BMU formation by interacting both simultaneously and at different differentiation stages with their progenitors, other cells, and bone matrix constituents. Therefore,bone remodeling is currently considered a physiological outcome of continuous cellular operational processes optimized to confer a survival advantage. Bone remodeling defines the primary activities that BMUs need to perform to renew successfully bone structural units. Hence, this review summarizes the current understanding of bone remodeling and future research directions with the aim of providing a clinically relevant biological background with which to identify targets for therapeutic strategies in osteoporosis.

关键词： remodeling replace initially

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Comparative study on the performance of textural image features for active contour segmentation

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2012年第7期55卷 637-644页

作者： MORARU Luminita MOLDOVANU simona Dunarea de Jos University of Galati Galati RO-800008Romania

We present a computerized method for the semi-automatic detection of contours in ultrasound images. The novelty of our study is the introduction of a fast and efficient image function relating to parametric active contour models. This new function is a combination of the gray-level information and first-order statistical features, called standard deviation parameters. In a comprehensive study, the developed algorithm and the efficiency of segmentation were first tested for synthetic images. Tests were also performed on breast and liver ultrasound images. The proposed method was compared with the watershed approach to show its efficiency. The performance of the segmentation was estimated using the area error rate. Using the standard devia- tion textural feature and a 5x5 kernel, our curve evolution was able to produce results close to the minimal area error rate （namely 8.88% for breast images and 10.82% for liver images）. The image resolution was evaluated using the con- trast-to-gradient method. The experiments showed promising segmentation results.

关键词： active contour model image feature area error rate

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Injecting drug use: A vector for the introduction of new hepatitis C virus genotypes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第38期21卷 10811-10823页

作者： simona Ruta Costin Cernescu Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotypes' monitoring allows real-time insight into the dynamic changes that occur in the global epidemiological picture of HCV infection. Intravenous drug use is currently the primary driver for HCV transmission in developed and developing countries. The distribution of HCV genotypes/subtypes differs significantly between people who inject drugs(PWID) and the general population. HCV genotypes that previously exhibited a limited geographical distribution(3a,4) are becoming more prevalent in this high-risk group. Immigration from HCV-endemic countries and the evolving networks of HCV transmission in PWID influence HCV genotypes distribution in Europe. Social vulnerabilities(e.g.,unemployment,homelessness,and limited access to social and healthcare insurances systems) are important triggers for illicit drug use,which increases the associated risks of HCV infection and the frequent emergence of less prevalent genotypes. Genotype/subtype determination bears important clinical consequences in the progression of liver disease,susceptibility to antiviral therapies and the emergence of resistance-associated variants. An estimated half of the chronically HCV-infected PWID are unaware of their infection,and only one in ten of those diagnosed enter treatment. Nevertheless,PWID exhibit high response rates to new antiviral regimens,and the level of HCV reinfection is unexpectedly low. The focus of the healthcare system must be on the early detection and treatment of infection,to avoid late presentations that are associated with high levels of viremia and liver fibrosis,which may diminish the therapeutic success rate.

关键词： Hepatitis C Hepatitis C virus genotypes Intravenou

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Surroundings affect slip length dynamics in nanoscale friction through contact stiffness and damping

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Friction 2023年第2期11卷 216-227页

作者： simona SKURATOVSKY Liron AGMON Enrico GNECCO Ronen BERKOVICH Department of Chemical Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 8410501Israel Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics Jagiellonian UniversityLojasiewicza 11Krakow 30-348Poland Ilze Katz Institute for Nanoscience and Technology Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 8410501Israel

Friction force microscopy (FFM) explores the interaction in a sliding contact on the nanoscale, providing information on the frictional dynamics and lateral contact stiffness with lattice resolution. Recent FFM measurements on a NaCl crystal immersed in liquid (ethanol) surroundings displayed an increase of the effective contact stiffness, K_(eff), with the applied load, differently from similar measurements performed under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions, where K_(eff) showed negligible load dependency. Additionally, under UHV conditions multiple slip length friction with increasing load was reported, while in ethanol surroundings only single (lattice unit length) slips were observed. Our current understanding of this behavior relates the transition from single jumps to multiple jumps dynamics to the normal load (manifested through the amplitude of the interaction potential at the contact, U0) and to the damping of the system. Here we have incorporated the effect of the load dependency on both U0 and K_(eff) within Prandtl‒Tomlinson based simulations, accompanied by variations in the damping coefficient of the system. Introducing the experimentally observed load dependency to K_(eff) resulted indeed in single slip jumps at critical damping, while multiple slip jumps were obtained at constant K_(eff). The average slip length increased with the normal load, particularly when the system became underdamped. Our work provides a glimpse on the relation between the characteristic observables in atomic-scale sliding friction (maximal slip forces, stiffness, and slip dynamics) with respect to their governing parameters (corrugation energy, effective stiffness, and damping). While common understanding in nanotribology relates the effect of surrounding media mainly to the interaction potential at the contact, here we show that the media can also greatly affect the elastic interaction, and consequently play an important role on the transition from single to multiple stick-s

关键词： friction force microscopy(FFM) nanoscale friction multiple jumps Prandtl‒Tomlinson model effective stiffness damping

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Screening and interventions to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第2期29卷 286-309页

作者： simona Cernea Danusia Onișor Department M3/Internal Medicine I George Emil Palade University of MedicinePharmacyScience and Technology of Târgu MureșTârgu Mureş540139Romania Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient UnitEmergency County Clinical HospitalTârgu Mureş540136Romania Department ME2/Internal Medicine VII George Emil Palade University of MedicinePharmacyScienceand Technology of Târgu MureşTârgu Mureş540139Romania Gastroenterology Department MureșCounty Clinical HospitalTârgu Mureș540072Romania

Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide,with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)comprising most *** hepatitis B and C viral infections,heavy alcohol use,and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)-associated advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis,several other risk factors for HCC have been identified(*** age,obesity,insulin resistance,type 2 diabetes).These might in fact partially explain the occurrence of HCC in non-cirrhotic patients without viral *** surveillance through effective screening programs is still an unmet need for many nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)patients,and identification of pre-cirrhotic individuals who progress to HCC represents a substantial challenge in clinical practice at the *** with NASHcirrhosis should undergo systematic HCC surveillance,while this might be considered in patients with advanced fibrosis based on individual risk *** this context,interventions that potentially prevent NAFLD/NASH-associated HCC are *** paper provided an overview of evidence related to lifestyle changes(*** loss,physical exercise,adherence to healthy dietary patterns,intake of certain dietary components,etc.)and pharmacological interventions that might play a protective role by targeting the underlying causative factors and pathogenetic ***,well-designed prospective studies specifically dedicated to NAFLD/NASH patients are still needed to clarify the relationship with HCC risk.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatocellular carcinoma Risk stratification Lifestyle interventions Prevention

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Feedback Stabilization for a Scalar Conservation Law with PID Boundary Control

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2015年第5期36卷 763-776页

作者： Jean Michel CORON simona Oana TAMASOIU Sorbonne Universités UPMC University Paris 06 NUMR 7598 Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions F-75005Paris France Université Paris Sud F-91405 Orsay France

This paper deals with a scalar conservation law in 1-D space dimension, and in particular, the focus is on the stability analysis for such an equation. The problem of feedback stabilization under proportional-integral-derivative(PID for short) boundary control is addressed. In the proportional-integral(PI for short) controller case, by spectral analysis, the authors provide a complete characterization of the set of stabilizing feedback parameters, and determine the corresponding time delay stability interval. Moreover, the stability of the equilibrium is discussed by Lyapunov function techniques, and by this approach the exponential stability when a damping term is added to the classical PI controller scheme is proved. Also, based on Pontryagin results on stability for quasipolynomials, it is shown that the closed-loop system sub ject to PID control is always unstable.

关键词： Boundary feedback FID controllers Linear scalar conservation law

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