Reduction of muscle contraction and pain in electroporation-based treatments:An overview
作者机构：Department of Medical OncologyIGEA SpACarpi 41012ModenaItaly
出 版 物：《World Journal of Clinical Oncology》 (世界临床肿瘤学杂志（英文版）)
年 卷 期：2021年第12卷第5期
页 面：367-381页
学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100210[医学-外科学(含：普外、骨外、泌尿外、胸心外、神外、整形、烧伤、野战外)] 10[医学]
主 题：Electrochemotherapy Irreversible electroporation Pain Muscle contraction Monopolar or monophasic pulses Bipolar or biphasic pulses
摘 要：BACKGROUND In the first studies of electrochemotherapy(ECT),small cutaneous metastases were treated and only mild or moderate pain was observed;therefore,pain was not considered a significant *** the procedure began to be applied to larger cutaneous metastases,pain was reported more *** that reason,reduction of both muscle contractions and pain have been investigated over the *** To present an overview of different protocols described in literature that aim to reduce muscle contractions and pain caused by the electroporation(EP)effect in both ECT and irreversible EP *** Thirty-three studies published between January 1999 and November 2020 were *** protocol designs and electrode geometries that reduce patient pain and the number of muscle contractions and their intensity were *** The analysis showed that both high frequency and bipolar/biphasic pulses can be used to reduce pain and muscle contractions in patients who undergo EP ***,adequate electrode design can decrease EP-related ***,needle length,diameter and configuration of the distance between the needles can be optimised so that the muscle volume crossed by the current is reduced as much as ***/biphasic pulses with an inadequate pulse length seem to have a less evident effect on the membrane permeability compared with the standard pulse *** that reason,the number of pulses and the voltage amplitude,as well as the pulse duration and frequency,must be chosen so that the dose of delivered energy guarantees EP *** Pain reduction in EP-based treatments can be achieved by appropriately defining the protocol parameters and electrode *** results can be achieved with high frequency and/or bipolar/biphasic ***,the efficacy of these alternative protocols remains a crucial point to be assessed further.
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