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Transplacental induction of fatty acid oxidation in term fetal pigs by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist clofibrate

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 341-352页

作者： Xi Lin sheila jacobi Jack Odle Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition Department of Animal SciencesNorth Carolina State University

Background： To induce peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α（PPARα） expression and increase milk fat utilization in pigs at birth, the effect of maternal feeding of the PPARα agonist, clofibrate（2-（4-chlorophenoxy）-2-methyl-propanoic acid, ethyl ester）, on fatty acid oxidation was examined at ful-term delivery（0 h） and 24 h after delivery in this *** group of pigs（n = 10） was delivered from pregnant sows fed a commercial diet with or without 0.8% clofibrate for the last 7 d of gestation. Blood samples were col ected from the utero-ovarian artery of the sows and the umbilical cords of the pigs as they were removed from the sows by C-section on day 113 of ***： HPLC analysis identified that clofibric acid was present in the plasma of the clofibrate-fed sow（~4.2 μg/m L）and its offspring（~1.5 μg/m L）. Furthermore, the maternal-fed clofibrate had no impact on the liver weight of the pigs at 0 h and 24 h, but hepatic fatty acid oxidation examined in fresh homogenates showed that clofibrate increased（P 〈 0.01）^14C-accumulation in CO2 and acid soluble products 2.9-fold from [1-^14C]-oleic acid and 1.6-fold from[1-^14C]-lignoceric acid respectively. Correspondingly, clofibrate increased fetal hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase（CPT）and acyl-Co A oxidase（ACO） activities by 36% and 42% over controls（P 〈 0.036）. The m RNA abundance of CPT I was 20-fold higher in pigs exposed to clofibrate（P 〈 0.0001） but no differences were detected for ACO and PPARα m RNA between the two ***： These data demonstrate that dietary clofibrate is absorbed by the sow, crosses the placental membrane, and enters fetal circulation to induce hepatic fatty acid oxidation by increasing the CPT and ACO activities of the newborn.

关键词： Clofibrate Fatty acid oxidation Pigs Placenta transfer

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Dietary arachidonate in milk replacer triggers dual benefits of PGE2 signaling in LPS-challenged piglet alveolar macrophages

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 435-448页

作者： Kathleen R.Walter Xi Lin sheila K.jacobi Tobias Kaser Debora Esposito Jack Odle Department of Animal Science Plants for Human Health InstituteNorth Carolina State UniversityKannapolisNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Animal Science Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA Department of Population Health and Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA.

Background: Respiratory infections challenge the swine industry, despite common medicinal practices. The dual signaling nature of PGE2(supporting both inflammation and resolution) makes it a potent regulator of immune cell function. Therefore, the use of dietary long chain n-6 PUFA to enhance PGE2 effects merits ***: Day-old pigs(n = 60) were allotted to one of three dietary groups for 21 d(n = 20/diet), and received either a control diet(CON, arachidonate = 0.5% of total fatty acids), an arachidonate(ARA)-enriched diet(LC n-6,ARA = 2.2%), or an eicosapentaenoic(EPA)-enriched diet(LC n-3, EPA = 3.0%). Alveolar macrophages and lung parenchymal tissue were collected for fatty acid analysis. Isolated alveolar macrophages were stimulated with LPS in situ for 24 h, and m RNA was isolated to assess markers associated with inflammation and eicosanoid *** media were collected to assess PGE2 secretion. Oxidative burst in macrophages was measured by: 1)oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification(via Seahorse), 2) cytoplasmic oxidation and 3) nitric oxide production following 4, 18, and 24 h of LPS ***: Concentration of ARA(% of fatty acids, w/w) in macrophages from pigs fed LC n-6 was 86% higher than CON and 18% lower in pigs fed LC n-3(P < 0.01). Following LPS stimulation, abundance of COX-2 and TNF-α mRNA(P < 0.0001), and PGE2 secretion(P < 0. 01) were higher in LC n-6 PAM vs. CON. However, ALOX5 abundance was1.6-fold lower than CON. Macrophages from CON and LC n-6 groups were 4-fold higher in ALOX12/15 abundance(P < 0.0001) compared to LC n-3. Oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates increased over 4 h following LPS stimulation(P < 0.05) regardless of treatment. Similarly, increases in cytoplasmic oxidation(P < 0.001)and nitric oxide production(P < 0.002) were observed after 18 h of LPS stimulation but were unaffected by ***: We infer that enriching diets with arachidonic acid may be an ef

关键词： Arachidonic acid Cyclooxygenase Eicosanoid Eicosapentaenoic acid Inflammation Lipid mediator class switch LPS Lipoxin Porcine alveolar macrophage

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Acute effects of rotavirus and malnutrition on intestinal barrier function in neonatal piglets

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第31期19卷 5094-5102页

作者： sheila K jacobi Adam J Moeser Anthony T Blikslager J Marc Rhoads Benjamin A Corl Robert J Harrell Jack Odle Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition College of Agriculture and Life Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695United States College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695United States Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School Houston TX 77030 United States Department of Dairy Science Virginia Poly-technic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061United States

AIM: To investigate the effect of protein-energy malnutrition on intestinal barrier function during rotavirus enteritis in a piglet ***: Newborn piglets were allotted at day 4 of age to the following treatments:(1) full-strength formula(FSF)/noninfected;(2) FSF/rotavirus infected;(3) half-strength formula(HSF)/noninfected;or(4) HSF/rotavirus *** one day of adjustment to the feeding rates,pigs were infected with rotavirus and acute effects on growth and diarrhea were monitored for 3 d and jejunal samples were collected for Ussingchamber ***: Piglets that were malnourished or infected had lower body weights on days 2 and 3 post-infection(P < 0.05).Three days post-infection,marked diarrhea and weight loss were accompanied by sharp reductions in villus height(59%) and lactase activity(91%) and increased crypt depth(21%) in infected compared with non-infected pigs(P < 0.05).Malnutrition also increased crypt depth(21%) compared to full-fed ***:crypt ratio was reduced(67%) with viral *** was a trend for reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance with rotavirus infection and malnutrition(P = 0.1).3H-mannitol flux was significantly increased(50%;P < 0.001) in rotavirus-infected piglets compared to non-infected piglets,but there was no effect of nutritional ***,rotavirus infection reduced localization of the tight junction protein,occludin,in the cell membrane and increased localization in the ***: Overall,malnutrition had no additive effects to rotavirus infection on intestinal barrier function at day 3 post-infection in a neonatal piglet model.

关键词： Rotavirus gastroenteritis Kwashiorkor Occludin Ussing chamber Villus

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