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Length unstable femoral fractures:A misnomer?

world Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第9期11卷 380-390页

作者： Eric Andrew Mussell Achraf Jardaly shawn R Gilbert Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Alabama at Birminghamand Andrews Sports Medicine and Orthopaedic CenterBirminghamAL 35205United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham and Lebanese American UniversityGilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of MedicineByblos 00000Lebanon Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States

BACKGROUND Flexible intramedullary nailing(FIMN)is relatively contraindicated for pediatric length unstable femoral *** To evaluate FIMN treatment outcomes for pediatric diaphyseal length unstable femoral fractures in patients aged 5 to 13 *** This retrospective study includes pediatric patients(age range 5-13 years)who received operative treatment for a diaphyseal femoral fracture at a single institution between 2013 and *** unstable femur fractures treated with FIMN were compared to treatment with other fixation methods[locked intramedullary nailing(IMN),submuscular plating(SMP),and external fixation]and to length stable fractures treated with *** criteria included patients who had an underlying predisposition for fractures(e.g.,pathologic fractures or osteogenesis imperfecta),polytrauma necessitating intensive care unit care and/or extensive management of other injuries,incomplete records,or no follow-up *** who had a length stable femoral fracture treated with modalities other than FIMN were excluded as *** Ninety-five fractures from ninety-two patients were included in the study and consists of three *** three groups are length unstable fractures treated with FIMN(n=21),length stable fractures treated with FIMN(n=45),and length unstable fractures treated with either locked IMN,SMP,or external fixator(n=29).P valueswere considered statistically *** characteristic differences that were statistically significant between the groups,length unstable with FIMN and length unstable with locked IMN,SMP,or external fixator,were average age(7.4 years vs 9.3 years,respectively),estimated blood loss(29.2 mL vs 98 mL,respectively)and body mass(27.8 kg vs 35.1 kg,respectively).All other patient characteristic differences were statistically *** complications,length unstable with FIMN had 9 total complications while length unstable with locked IMN,SMP,or external fixato

关键词： Flexible intramedullary nail Titanium elastic mail Elastic stable intramedullary nail Pediatrics Length unstable Femoral fractures Bone fracture Orthopedics

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why Doesn＇t the Hong Kong Government Sell More Public Land？

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第3期11卷 367-389页

作者： Saku Aura Francis K. Cheung shawn Ni Department of Economics University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA Department of Decision Sciences & Managerial Economics Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong China

why doesn＇t the Hong Kong government sell more of its enormous land holding to lower the city＇s high housing price and increase the residents＇ small living space？ we answer the question in an overlapping generations framework. we show that while a rapid and complete privatization of government land is efficient in the absence of externalities; it is made politically difficult by a compensation gap, when the losses of current property owners are greater than the government revenue from land sales. we argue that the cross-country diversity of government land ownership owes to historical incidents in some countries （such as the U.S. in the 19th century） that allowed disposal of government land without filling the compensation gap and the absence of such incidents in others （such as Hong Kong）.

关键词： Hong Kong government land housing price privatization,land ownership

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Quantitative Analysis of Azodicarbonamide in Insulation Layers of Extruded Cables by HPLC–UV Detection

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2021年第4期5卷 370-378页

作者： Sensen Shen Cuilan Chang Chenbo Shen Harvey Xu shawn Miao Scott wills Dow Chemical(China)Investment Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201203China Dow Inc.CollegevillePA 19426USA

Azodicarbonamide(ADC),which has been abundantly used in the creation offoamed plastics as a blowing and foaming agent,has attracted more and more attention in recent years due to the health risks associated with its *** is actually on the REACH(Registration,Evaluation,Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals)regulation Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern,and the residual content in products needs to be confirmed by the end users according to ***,the determination and monitoring of ADC in plastic products is necessary and crucial not only for the growth of ADC global market but also for the health of the *** this work,a quantitative method for ADC in insulation layers of cables was developed by using optimized total dissolution methodology(TDM)for sample preparation followed by HPLC under HILIC conditions with UV absorbance *** linear range of this method was 6–600μg·g^(-1) ,and the limit of detection(LOD)and limit of quantitation(LOQ)were 0.94 and 3.1μg·g^(-1) in solution,*** method has good recovery and precision,and is easy to *** meets the needs of the industry and is conducive to the growth of ADC global *** method is expected to be applicable to ADC quantitation in other polyolefin products.

关键词： Azodicarbonamide Total dissolution methodology HPLC–UV Cable insulation layers

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Low-loss metasurface optics down to the deep ultraviolet region

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1488-1497页

作者： Cheng Zhang shawn Divitt Qingbin Fan wenqi Zhu Amit Agrawal Yanqing Lu Ting Xu Henri J.Lezec School of Optical and Electronic Information&wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology430074 WuhanChina Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology20899 GaithersburgMDUSA Maryland Nanocenter University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University210093 NanjingChina

Shrinking conventional optical systems to chip-scale dimensions will benefit custom applications in imaging,displaying,sensing,spectroscopy,and *** this goal,metasurfaces-planar arrays of subwavelength electromagnetic structures that collectively mimic the functionality of thicker conventional optical elements-have been exploited at frequencies ranging from the microwave range up to the visible ***,we demonstrate highperformance metasurface optical components that operate at ultraviolet wavelengths,including wavelengths down to the record-short deep ultraviolet range,and perform representative wavefront shaping functions,namely,highnumerical-aperture lensing,accelerating beam generation,and hologram *** constituent nanostructured elements of the metasurfaces are formed of hafnium oxide-a loss-less,high-refractive-index dielectric material deposited using low-temperature atomic layer deposition and patterned using high-aspect-ratio Damascene *** study opens the way towards low-form factor,multifunctional ultraviolet nanophotonic platforms based on flat optical components,enabling diverse applications including lithography,imaging,spectroscopy,and quantum information processing.

关键词： ultraviolet optics collective

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Contaminated open fracture and crush injury: a murine model

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Bone Research 2015年第1期3卷 31-39页

作者： shawn R Gilbert Justin Camara Richard Camara Lynn Duffy Ken waites Hyunki Kim Kurt Zinn Department of Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham AL USA Loma Linda School of Medicine Loma LindaCAUSA Departments of Pathology University of Alabama at BirminghamAL USA Department of Radiology University of Alabama at BirminghamAL USA

Modern warfare has caused a large number of severe extremity injuries, many of which become infected. In more recent conflicts, a pattern of co-infection with Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has emerged. we attempted to recreate this pattern in an animal model to evaluate the role of vascularity in contaminated open fractures. Historically, it has been observed that infected bones frequently appear hypovascular, but vascularity in association with bone infection has not been examined in animal models. Adult rats underwent femur fracture and muscle crush injury followed by stabilization and bacterial contamination with A. baumannii complex and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus *** and perfusion were assessed by micro CT angiography and SPECT scanning, respectively, at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after injury. Quantitative bacterial cultures were also obtained. Multi-bacterial infections were successfully created, with methicillin-resistant S. aureus predominating. There was overall increase in blood flow to injured limbs that was markedly greater in bacteria-inoculated limbs. Vessel volume was greater in the infected group. Quadriceps atrophy was seen in both groups, but was greater in the infected group. In this animal model, infected open fractures had greater perfusion and vascularity than non-infected limbs.

关键词： MRSA Contaminated open fracture and crush injury a murine model

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The potential of a year-round school calendar for maintaining children’s weight status and fitness:Preliminary outcomes from a natural experiment

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第1期9卷 18-27,102页

作者： r.glenn weaver ethan hunt aaron rafferty michael w.beets keith brazendale gabrielle tumer-mcgrievy russell r.pate alberto maydeu-olivares brian saelens shawn youngstedt Separtment of exercise science university of south carolinacolumbiasc 29208usa Department of health promotion educationand behavioruniversity of south carolinacolumbiasc 29208usa Department of psychology university of south carolinacolumbiasc 29208usa Center for child health behavior and development seattle children's hospitalseattlewa 98105usa Department of nursing and health innovation arizona state universitytempeaz 85281usa

Purpose: To evaluate the potential of a year-round school calendar (180-day school year distributed across 12 months) as an intervention comparedto a traditional school calendar (180-day school year distributed across 9 months) for mitigating children's weight gain and fitness loss viaa natural ***. Height, weight, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) (i.e., Fitnessgram Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) were measured inchildren (5—12 years old) in 3 schools (2 traditional, 1 year-round, n = 990 students, age = 8.6 土 2.4 years, 53.1% male, 68.9% African American) from1 school district. Structure (represented by the presence of a school day) was the independent variable. Changes in body mass index (BMI), age- andsex-specific BMI z-scores (zBMI), BMI percentile, percent of overweight or obese children, and CRF (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular EnduranceRun laps completed) were assessed for summer 2017 (May—August 2017), school year 2017/2018 (August 2017—May 2018), and summer 2018(May—August 2018). Primary analyses examined the overall change in weight and CRF from summer 2017 until summer 2018 via multilevel mixedeffects regression, with group (traditional vs. year-round calendar), time, and a group-by-time interaction as the independent variables. Secondaryregression analyses estimated differences in change within and between groups during each time period, ***. Year-round students gained less BMI (difference in A = —0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): —0.67 to —0.03) and less CRF (differencein △ = — 1.92, 95%CI: —3.56 to —0.28) than students attending a traditional school overall. Compared with traditional students, during both sum・mers, year-round students gained less BMI (summer 2017 difference in A = —0.15, 95%CI: —0.21 to —0.08;summer 2018 difference in△ = —0.16, 95%CI: —0.24 to —0.07) and zBMI (summer 2017 difference in A = —0.032, 95%CI: —0.050 to —0.010;summer 2018 difference in△ = —0.033, 95%CI: —0.056 to —0.009

关键词： Children Intervention Obesity Overweight Policy School calendar

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Constraints and Opportunities for Detecting Land Surface Phenology in Drylands

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Journal of Remote Sensing 2021年第1期2021卷 332-346页

作者： shawn D.Taylor Dawn M.Browning Ruben A.Baca Feng Gao US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceJornada Experimental RangeNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew Mexico 88003USA Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education(ORISE) Oak RidgeTennessee 37830USA US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceHydrology and Remote Sensing LaboratoryBeltsvilleMaryland 20705USA

Land surface phenology(LSP)enables global-scale tracking of ecosystem processes,but its utility is limited in drylands due to low vegetation cover and resulting low annual amplitudes of vegetation indices(VIs).Due to the importance of drylands for biodiversity,food security,and the carbon cycle,it is necessary to understand the limitations in measuring dryland ***,using simulated data and multitemporal unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)imagery of a desert shrubland,we explore the feasibility of detecting LSP with respect to fractional vegetation cover,plant functional types,VI uncertainty,and two different detection *** simulated data,we found that plants with distinct VI signals,such as deciduous shrubs,can require up to 60%fractional cover to consistently detect *** plants,with lower seasonal VI amplitude,require considerably higher cover and can have undetectable phenology even with 100%vegetation *** evaluation of two algorithms showed that neither performed the best in all *** with adequate cover,biases in phenological metrics can still exceed 20 days and can never be 100%accurate due to VI uncertainty from shadows,sensor view angle,and atmospheric *** showed how high-resolution UAV imagery enables LSP studies in drylands and highlighted important scale effects driven by within-canopy VI *** high-resolution imagery,the open canopies of drylands are beneficial as they allow for straightforward identification of individual plants,enabling the tracking of phenology at the individual *** thus have the potential to become an exemplary environment for future LSP research.

关键词： fractional straight imagery

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Redistribution of nerve strain enables end-to-end repair under tension without inhibiting nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第7期14卷 1280-1288页

作者： Holly M.Howarth Turki Alaziz Brogan Nicolds shawn O'Connor Sameer B.Shah Department of Bioengineering University of California Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences San Diego State University Research Service VA San Diego Healthcare System

End-to-end repair under no or low tension leads to improved outcomes for transected nerves with short gaps,compared to repairs with a ***,grafts are typically used to enable a tension-free repair for moderate to large gaps,as excessive tension can cause repairs to fail and catastrophically impede *** this study,we tested the hypothesis that unloading the repair interface by redistributing tension away from the site of repair is a safe and feasible strategy for end-to-end repair of larger nerve ***,we tested the hypothesis that such an approach does not adversely affect structural and functional *** this study,we used a rat sciatic nerve injury model to compare the integrity of repair and several regenerative outcomes following end-to-end repairs of nerve gaps of increasing *** addition,we proposed the use of a novel implantable device to safely repair end-to-end repair of larger nerve gaps by redistributing tension away from the repair *** data suggest that redistriubution of tension away from the site of repair enables safe end-to-end repair of larger gap *** addition,structural and functional measures of regeneration were equal or enhanced in nerves repaired under tension – with or without a tension redistribution device – compared to tension-free *** that repair integrity is maintained,end-to-end repairs under tension should be considered as a reasonable surgical *** animal experiments were performed under the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of University of California,San Diego(Protocol S11274).

关键词： tension biomechanics strain end-to-end repair peripheral nerve nerve regeneration

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Effect of Ionic Content in Semiconductive Shield Materials on Breakdown Characteristics of Tree Retardant XLPE Power Cable

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高电压技术 2010年第8期36卷 1912-1915页

作者： Pang Peter Miao shawn Leung Simon Dow Chemical (China) Co. Ltd. Shanghai 201203 China Dow Chemical Pacific Co. Ltd. Hong Kong China

Cable made with Dow HFDA-0587 BK,HFDB-4202 EC, and HFDA-0693 BK was found to meet DL/T 1070-2007 requirement of tree retardant XLPE(TR-XLPE) power cable. The alternate-current breakdown(ACBD) value after 360 days of accelerated water treeing test(AwTT) was 29 kV/mm, which exceeds the DL/T 1070-2007 requirement of at least 20 kV/mm. Cable made with semiconductive shield materials from other material suppliers and HFDB-4202 EC, however, failed to meet DL/T 1070-2007 requirement of at least 20 kV/mm after 360 days of AwTT. This failure to meet DL/T 1070-2007 requirement, apparently, was caused by the high content of ionic contaminants and ash levels in the semiconductive shield materials. The results in this report suggest the use of clean semiconductive shield materials is necessary,in conjunction with tree retardant insulation material, for cables to meet the higher performance TR-XLPE DL/T 1070-2007 requirement, which will enhance system reliability by extending cable life, while lowering life cycle costs

关键词： TR-XLPE semiconductive shield DL/T 1070 ionic contamination AC breakdown extend cable life

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Isolated colonic neurofibroma in the setting of Lynch syndrome:A case report and review of literature

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world Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2020年第1期12卷 28-33页

作者： warren YL Sun Armaan Pandey Mark Lee shawn wasilenko Shahzeer Karmali Division of General Surgery University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2B7AlbertaCanada Cumming School of Medicine University of CalgaryCalgary T2N 4Z6AlbertaCanada Department of Laboratory Medicine&Pathology University of AlbertaEdmonton T5H 3V9AlbertaCanada Division of Gastroenterology University of AlbertaEdmonton T5H 3V9Canada

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal neurofibromas are commonly found in patients diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type ***,isolated gastrointestinal neurofibromas are a rare entity and only fourteen cases of isolated colorectal neurofibromas have been documented in *** gastrointestinal neurofibromas have not been associated with Lynch syndrome(LS).Patients with LS are at an increased risk of colorectal cancer,and are recommended to undergo screening *** SUMMARY A 33-year-old healthy female with a family history of LS was found to have unresectable polyp in the ascending colon on screening colonoscopy suspicious for *** patient was asymptomatic and had no stigmata of neurofibromatosis.A staging workup for colorectal cancer revealed no evidence of metastatic disease.A discussion with the patient resulted in the decision to undergo a segmental resection with ongoing *** patient underwent a laparoscopic right *** was consistent with a gastrointestinal ***-operatively,the patient recovered *** will not require further treatment with regards to her colonic neurofibroma,but will continue to follow-up for ongoing surveillance of her *** we present the first case of an isolated colonic neurofibroma in a patient with *** case explores considerations for the management of isolated gastrointestinal neurofibromas given the lack of guidelines in literature.

关键词： Isolated gastrointestinal neurofibroma Colonic neurofibroma Gastrointestinal neurofibromatosis Lynch syndrome Case report

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