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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2023年第4期22卷 909-920页

作者： gowtham Padmanabhan ganesh Kumar shanmugam Department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India geotechnical Engineering Division CSIR-Central Building Research InstituteAcademy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR)RoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India

Past research has focused on the factors that influence liquefaction under normal shaking ***,studies on parameters that influence the reliquefaction potential of saturated deposits during repeated shaking events are *** this study,an attempt has been made to examine the influence of acceleration amplitude and shaking duration on liquefaction and reliquefaction potential under repeated shaking conditions is conducted.1-g uni-axial shaking table experiments were performed on saturated ground prepared with 40%and 60%relative *** prepared ground was subjected to alternate longer and shorter shaking durations(40 and 20 s)of repeated incremental 0.1 g,0.2 g,0.3 g and 0.4 g acceleration loading,*** variation in density,excess pore water pressure(EPWP),cyclic resistance ratio(CRR)and surface settlement were *** results showed that due to repeated incremental shaking events,reliquefaction was observed on the prepared *** longer shaking duration,the post-liquefied soil showed density improvement with improved soil ***,the application of shorter duration loading followed by longer shaking reduced the beneficial effect of density improvement by disturbing the densified *** to this,the ground was found to be more susceptible to reliquefaction in the subsequent incremental longer shaking event.

关键词： 1g–shaking table reliquefaction acceleration amplitude shaking duration relative density

Performance assessment of prefabricated vertical drains in mitigating soil reliquefaction subjected to repeated seismic events using shaking table experiments

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 411-427页

作者： gowtham PADMANABHAN ganesh Kumar shanmugam Department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India geotechnical Engineering Division CSIR-Central Building Research Institute Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR)Uttarakhand 247667India

The use of prefabricated vertical drains(PVD)in liquefiable deposits is gaining attention due to enhanced ***,investigations on PVD in mitigating re-liquefaction during repeated shaking events are not *** study performed a series of shaking table experiments on untreated and PVD-treated specimens prepared with 40%and 60%relative *** sinusoidal loading was applied with an incremental peak acceleration of 0.1g,0.2g,0.3g,and 0.4g,at 5 Hz shaking frequency with 40 s *** performance of treated ground was evaluated based on the generation and dissipation of excess pore water pressure(EPWP),induced sand densification,subsidence,and cyclic stress *** addition,the strain accumulated in fresh and exhumed PVD was investigated using geotextile tensile testing apparatus aided with digital image *** evidence of pore pressure was reported up to 0.2g peak acceleration for 40%and 60%relative density *** continuous occurrence of soil densification and drainage medium restrained and delayed the generation of EPWP and expedited the dissipation *** study demonstrates PVD can mitigate re-liquefaction,without suffering from deterioration,when subjected to medium to high intense repeated shaking events.

关键词： prefabricated vertical drains drainage re-liquefaction shaking table digital image correlation

Effect of Welding Processes on Tensile and Impact Properties,Hardness and Microstructure of AISI 409M Ferritic Stainless Joints Fabricated by Duplex Stainless Steel Filler Metal

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2009年第5期16卷 66-72页

作者： A K Lakshminarayanan K shanmugam V Balasubramanian Centre for Materials Joining and Research(CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai University

The effect of welding processes such as shielded metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding and gas tungsten arc welding on tensile and impact properties of the ferritic stainless steel conforming to AISI 409M grade is studied. Rolled plates of 4 mm thickness were used as the base material for preparing single pass butt welded joints. Tensile and impact properties, microhardness, microstructure and fracture surface morphology of the welded joints have been evaluated and the results are compared. From this investigatio.n, it is found that gas tungsten arc welded joints of ferritic stainless steel have superior tensile and impact properties compared with shielded metal arc and gas metal arc welded joints and this is mainly due to the presence of finer grains in fusion zone and heat affected zone.

关键词： ferritic stainless steel shielded metal arc welding gas metal arc welding gas tungsten arc welding tensile impact property

A novel manganese tungstate nanorod catalyst for the oxidation of styrene with tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant

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Tungsten 2024年第4期6卷 845-858页

作者： shanmugam Manimaran Arumugam Pandurangan gopalakrishnan govindasamy Department of Chemistry Anna UniversityChennaiTamil Nadu600025India Energy Cluster School of EngineeringUniversity of Petroleum and Energy Studies(UPES)DehradunUttarakhand248007India

Catalyst,solvent and process parameters are the keys for the selective oxidation of styrene and other olefins to value added *** MnWO_(4)was synthesized by the one-pot hydrothermal method using Pluronic F127 as a surfactant,characterized and evaluated for the oxidation of styrene and different olefins,using tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP)as oxidant.X-ray diffractogram confirmed the phase purity of MnWO_(4)which became further evident from the near surface equimolar proposition of Mn and W in+2 and+6 oxidation states,respectively,as inferred from X-ray photoelectron spectra.N_(2)sorption followed typeⅣa isotherm with H_(3)hysteresis loop,starting at the relative pressure(P/P_(o))of 0.9,typically of mesoporous materials containing macropores as further confirmed by pore-size *** electron microscope images of MnWO_(4)revealed its nanorod *** the absence of catalyst,styrene conversion was 35%with benzaldehyde as the sole product and addition of 75 g of MnWO_(4)increased the styrene conversion to 97.3%,and the styrene oxide selectivity from 0%to 85%demonstrated its activity and *** the maximum conversion and styrene oxide selectivity optimum temperature,styrene:TBHP molar ratio,catalyst amount and solvent were found to be 70℃,1:2,75 mg,and acetonitrile,***_(4)catalyst retained its activity and selectivity for five recycles,confirming its recoverability and *** the kinetic studies,pre-exponential factor and apparent activation energy were found to be 0.206 s^(-1)and 31.5 kJ·mol^(-1),respectively,and a reaction mechanism was ***_(4)catalyst was active for oxidation of alkenes,cycloolefins and alkenyl aromatics with high selectivity for epoxides.

关键词： Manganese tungstate nanorod Styrene oxidation Epoxidation

A comprehensive review of significant researches on content based indexing and retrieval of visual information

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2013年第5期7卷 782-799页

作者： R. PRIYA T. N. shanmugam Department of Mathematics Anna University-Chennai Chennai 600 025 India

Developments in multimedia technologies have paved way for the storage of huge collections of video doc- uments on computer systems. It is essential to design tools for content-based access to the documents, so as to allow an efficient exploitation of these collections. Content based anal- ysis provides a flexible and powerful way to access video data when compared with the other traditional video analysis tech- niques. The area of content based video indexing and retrieval （CBVIR）, focusing on automating the indexing, retrieval and management of video, has attracted extensive research in the last decade. CBVIR is a lively area of research with endur- ing acknowledgments from several domains. Herein a vital assessment of contemporary researches associated with the content-based indexing and retrieval of visual information. In this paper, we present an extensive review of significant researches on CBV1R. Concise description of content based video analysis along with the techniques associated with the content based video indexing and retrieval is presented.

关键词： nultimedia information content based video retrieval (CBVR) content based video indexing and retrieval (CBVIR) shot segmentation object segmentation feature extraction indexing motion estimation querying key frame retrieval and indexing.

Effect of Autogenous Arc Welding Processes on Tensile and Impact Properties of Ferritic Stainless Steel Joints

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2009年第1期16卷 62-68,16页

作者： A K Lakshminarayanan K shanmugam V Balasubramanian Centre of Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar-608002Tamil NaduIndia

The effect of autogeneous arc welding processes on tensile and impact properties of ferritic stainless steel conformed to AISI 409M grade is studied. Rolled plates of 4 mm thickness have been used as the base material for preparing single pass butt welded joints. Tensile and impact properties, microhardness, microstructure, and fracture surface morphology of continuous current gas tungsten arc welding （CCgTAW）, pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding （PCgTAW）, and plasma arc welding （PAW） joints are evaluated and the results are compared. It is found that the PAW joints of ferritic stainless steel show superior tensile and impact properties when compared with CCg-TAW and PCgTAW joints, and this is mainly due to lower heat input, finer fusion zone grain diameter, and higher fusion zone hardness.

关键词： ferritic stainless steel plasma arc welding continuous current gas tungsten arc welding pulsed currentgas tungsten arc welding tensile property impact property

Ensemble Based Temporal Weighting and Pareto Ranking (ETP) Model for Effective Root Cause Analysis

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 819-830页

作者： Naveen Kumar Seerangan S.Vijayaragavan shanmugam Department of Computer Science(Category-B) Bharathiar UniversityCoimbatore641046Tamil NaduIndia CSE Muthayammal Engineering CollegeRasipuram637408Tamil NaduIndia

Root-cause identification plays a vital role in business decision making by providing effective future directions for the *** extraction and sentiment extraction plays a vital role in identifying the *** paper proposes the Ensemble based temporal weighting and pareto ranking(ETP)model for Root-cause *** extraction is performed based on rules and is followed by opinion identification using the proposed boosted ensemble *** obtained aspects are validated and ranked using the proposed aspect weighing ***-rule based aspect selection is performed as the final selection mechanism and the results are presented for business decision *** were performed with the standard five product benchmark *** on all five product reviews indicate the effective performance of the proposed *** are performed using three standard state-of-the-art models and effectiveness is measured in terms of F-Measure and Detection *** results indicate improved performances exhibited by the proposed model with an increase in F-Measure levels at 1%–15%and detection rates at 4%–24%compared to the state-of-the-art models.

关键词： Root cause analysis sentiment analysis aspect extraction ensemble modelling temporal weighting pareto ranking

Pharmaconutrition strategy to resolve SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory cytokine storm in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第31期9卷 9333-9349页

作者： shanmugam M Jeyakumar Ayyalasomayajula Vajreswari Department of Clinical Pharmacology ICMR-National Institute for Research in TuberculosisChennai 600031Tamil NaduIndia Department of Biochemistry National Institute of NutritionHyderabad 500007TelanganaIndia

Inflammation is one of the primary factors associated with the causation and/or progression of several lifestyle disorders,including obesity,type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).NAFLD is a spectrum of disorders,and starts with simple steatosis,progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,and then advances to fibrosis,cirrhosis and finally,hepatocellular carcinoma,due to perpetual cycles of insults caused by inflammation and other cellular *** evidence has documented that patients with NAFLD have severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and patients with COVID-19 have a higher liver injury and *** the exact cause or mechanism is not known,inflammatory cytokine storm is a characteristic feature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection and is known to be associated with higher mortality among COVID-19 ***,the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be a major concern in NAFLD patients,who have contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection and develop *** is evident in patients at any stage of the NAFLD spectrum,as the inflammatory cytokine storm may cause and/or aggravate the progression or severity of ***,there is a need for resolution of the inflammatory cytokine storm in these patients.A large body of evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(ω-3 LCPUFA)in NAFLD conditions,due to their anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory and anti-viral ***,intervention withω-3 LCPUFA,an effective pharmaconutrient along with the standard treatment for COVID-19 may be useful in the management of the NAFLD spectrum in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing NAFLD conditions by resolving the inflammatory cytokine storm and thereby attenuating its *** there are challenges in implementation,optimistically they can be circumvented and the pharmaconutrition strategy may be potentially helpful in tackling both the pandemics;NAFLD a

关键词： Lipids Virus Inflammation Infection Fish oil Supplementation

Characterization of free carbon in the as-thermolyzed Si-B-C-N ceramic from a polyorganoborosilazane precursor

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2013年第4期2卷 325-332页

作者： Adhimoolam Bakthavachalam KOUSAALYA Ravi KUMARa shanmugam PACKIRISAMY Materials Processing Section Department of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036Tamil NaduIndia Analytical Spectroscopy and Ceramics group PCM EntityVikram Sarabhai Space CentreThiruvananthapuram 695022India

Polyorganoborosilazane((B[C_(2)H_(4)-Si(CH_(3))NH]_(3))n)was synthesized via monomer route from a single-source precursor and thermolyzed at 1300℃in argon *** as-thermolyzed Si-B-C-N ceramic was characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Raman *** crystallization behavior of silicon carbide in the as-thermolyzed amorphous Si-B-C-N matrix was understood by XRD studies,and the crystallite size calculated using Scherrer equation was found to increase from 2 nm to 8 nm with increase in dwelling ***,Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the free carbon present in the as-thermolyzed *** peak positions,intensities and full width at half maximum(FWHM)of D and g bands in the Raman spectra were used to study and understand the structural disorder of the free *** g peak shift towards 1600 cm-1 indicated the decrease in cluster size of the free *** cluster diameter of the free carbon calculated using TK(Tuinstra and Koenl)equation was found to decrease from 6.2 nm to 5.4 nm with increase in dwelling time,indicating increase in structural disorder.

关键词： synthesis polyorganoborosilazane precursor-derived ceramic Si-B-C-N Raman spectroscopy free carbon

WO_(3) passivation layer-coated nanostructured TiO_(2): An efficient defect engineered photoelectrode for dye sensitized solar cell

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Journal of Semiconductors 2021年第5期42卷 91-98页

作者： Arya Babu Arya Vasanth Shantikumar Nair Mariyappan shanmugam Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamKochiKerala-682041India

Major loss factors for photo-generated electrons due to the presence of surface defects in titanium dioxide(Ti O_2)were controlled by RF-sputtered tungsten trioxide(WO_3) passivation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy assured the coating of WO3 on the Ti O_2 nanoparticle layer by showing Ti 2 p, W 4 f and O 1 s characteristic peaks and were further confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. The coating of WO_3 on the Ti O_2 nanoparticle layer did not affect dye adsorption significantly. Dye sensitized solar cells(DSSCs) fabricated using WO_3-coated Ti O_2 showed an enhancement of ~10% compared to DSSCs fabricated using pristine Ti O_2-based photo-electrodes. It is attributed to the WO_3 passivation on Ti O_2 that creates an energy barrier which favored photo-electron injection by tunneling but blocked reverse electron recombination pathways towards holes available in highest occupied molecular orbital of the dye molecules. It was further evidenced that there is an optimum thickness(duration of coating) of WO_3 to improve the DSSC performance and longer duration of WO_3 suppressed photo-electron injection from dye to Ti O_2 as inferred from the detrimental effect in short circuit current density values. RF-sputtering yields pinhole-free,highly uniform and conformal coating of WO_3 onto any area of interest, which can be considered for an effective surface passivation for nanostructured photovoltaic devices.

关键词： charge transport recombination tungsten oxide solar cell interface defects