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Experimental Investigation of Spoiler Deployment on Wing Stall

Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2018年第3期8卷 308-320页

作者： scott douglas lindsay Paul Walsh Ryerson University Toronto Canada

Upper surface wing flaps, known as spoiler, are typically used to reduce lift and increase drag at touchdown;however spoilers have been shown to increase lift and reduce drag at near-stall conditions. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the spoilers’ impact on lift, drag, moment, and aerodynamic efficiency of a NACA 2412 airfoil at angles of attack (α) from −8 ° to 32 °. The experiment was conducted in the Ryerson Low-Speed Wind Tunnel (closed-circuit, 1 m × 1 m test section) at Re=783761, Ma=0.136. The lift coefficient (Cl), drag coefficient (Cd), moment coefficient about the quarter-chord () were captured with a changing spoiler deflection angle (δ) and spoiler length (b in percent chord). It was found that deflecting the spoiler resulted in an increase maximum lift of up to 2.497%. It was found that deflecting the spoiler by 8° was optimal for the b=10 cases. Any larger deflection reduced the lift gain, and a deflection of 25° caused the maximum lift to be 2.786% less than the clean configuration. In the b=15 case, δ=15° was optimal (1.760% maximum lift coefficient increase). The b=10 cases increased maximum lift coefficient between 0.35% and 2.10% higher than the b=15 cases. The source of the lift gain at high angles of attack is apparent in an analysis of the airfoil pressure distribution. The spoiler increased the suction peak on the airfoil surface upstream of the spoiler, and increased the pressure downstream. However the suction increase upstream is larger than the pressure increase downstream, resulting in a net increase in lift. The spoiler increased the stall angle 37.658% to 87.658% higher than the clean configuration. Stall angle increased with both δ and with an increased spoiler length. The spoiler airfoil produced less drag than the clean configuration at high angles of attack. The combination of the increased lift, and reduced drag resulted in an increase in aerodynamic efficiency at high angle of attack.

关键词： Aircraft Stall Wind-Tunnel Spoilers Low-Speed Aerodynamics

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Influence of Geomorphology on Fish Fauna of a Small Mississippi Bluffline Stream

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2015年第4期4卷 169-176页

作者： scott Stephen Knight Terry douglas Welch United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Sedimentation Laboratory Oxford MS 38655 USA

Fish were collected from 39 sites on the main channel and major tributaries of a highly erosive stream, Hotophia Creek. A total of 2,642 specimens representing 38 species were collected between 1986 through 2003. The bluntface shiner Cyprinella camura was the dominant species of fish and when grouped with other cyprinids accounted for 38.0% of the total numbers collected. By weight, Lepisosteusoculatus, Lepomismegalotis, lctiobusbubalus, and Lepomismacrochirus were the dominant species; accounting for 49.9% of the total catch. While more diminutive species such as cyprinids that might be subject to predation by large fish more frequently were found in shallow channels. Fishes with specific habitat requirement such as the pirate perch were found in the middle group of sites, that were disturbed by erosion process but that featured the necessary habitat requirements. Sensitive or intolerant species like the Yazoo darter, creek chubsucker and cyprinids in general were more frequently found in the undisturbed and habitat complex channels. This study supports the hypothesis that geomorphological stream stages are associated with specific communities of fishes.

关键词： Stream classification geomorphology index of biotic integrity ecology.

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Individual Responses to Creatine Supplementation on Muscular Power is Modulated by Gene Polymorphisms in Military Recruits

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第1期5卷 70-76页

作者： Daniele Mattos Caleb Guedes MSantos scott CForbes Darren GCandow douglas Rosa Roberta Giovanini Busnardo Marcos Dornelas Ribeiro Dailson Paulucio Cynthia Chester Marco Machado Skeletal Muscle Physiology Study Group Universidade Iguaçu Campus VR Luiz Carlos Ferreira Tirado148Cidade NovaItaperunaRJ CEP 28300-000Brazil Laboratory of Human Movement Studies University Fondation of ItaperunaItaperunaRJBrazil Brazilian Army Institute of Biology Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Biometrics Laboratory School of Physical Education and SportsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Physical Education Studies Faculty of EducationBrandon UniversityBrandonMBCanada Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies University of ReginaReginaSKCanada Laboratório de Virologia Molecular Depto de GenéticaInstituto de BiologiaUFRJRio de JaneiroBrazil

Purpose The aim was to explore five established SNPs(rs1815739,rs1805086,rs2700352,rs28497577,and rs28357094)that are known to modulate skeletal muscle protein kinetics in response to creatine *** A randomized,placebo-controlled,repeated measures design was ***(n=152)were rand-omized divided into one of two groups:CREA(20 g/day creatine monohydrate)or PLAC:(dextrose)for 7 *** were assessed,and participants were classified *** and after supplementation,anthropometrics(height and body mass)and performance measures(vertical jump,countermovement vertical jump,squat jump,abdominal crunches,and maximum push-ups)were *** CREA gained more body mass than PLAC(CREA:Δ0.864±0.06 kg;PLAC:Δ0.154±0.07 kg,P<0.001).In the CREA group,the presence of an A allele for the MYLK1 polymorphism was related to changes in countermovement jump height(P=0.027;effect size[d]=0.41)and leg power(P=0.040,effect size[d]=0.18).The total number of abdominal crunches after supplementation was influenced by treatments and SPP1 gene(P=0.041).A higher number of abdominal crunches was associated with the G allele in the CREA group and the TT genotype in the PLAC group(effect size[d]=0.04).Conclusion Collectively,short-term creatine supplementation increased body mass but was unable to alter muscle ***,following creatine supplementation,participants expressing A alleles in the MYLK1 polymorphism had a greater increase in jump height and leg power and participants expressing G alleles in the SPP1 gene had greater improve-ments in abdominal crunch performance.

关键词： SNP Creatine monohydrate Muscular power MYLK1 gene SPP1 gene

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跑步也疯狂——盘点那些有趣搞怪的比赛

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疯狂英语（初中天地） 2014年第11期 22-25页

作者： scott douglas 芥子

任何跑步比赛，只要你想，都可以把它变得富有挑战性。尽管如此，即使是最铁杆的跑步迷也希望来点新意思。以下这些比赛深受我们喜爱，还带有强烈的“你是开玩笑吧”的元素呢。

关键词：比赛跑步盘点疯狂挑战性

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Effect of Radiant Energy Vacuum on Physical and Microbial Properties of Beef Jerky

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2013年第1期3卷 33-39页

作者： John scott Church Carley Marie Maclntyre Wade Robert Archambault Paul Edward Moote Jason Laco Cochran Timothy douglas Durance Jonathan douglas Van Hamme Department of Natural Resource Sciences Thompson Rivers University Kamloops British Columbia V2COC8 Canada Department of Biological Sciences Thompson Rivers University Kamloops British Columbia V2C0C8 Canada Department of Physical Sciences Thompson Rivers University Kamloops British Columbia V2COC8 Canada Department of Culinary Arts Thompson Rivers University Kamloops British Columbia V2COC8 Canada Department of Food Science University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6TIZ4 Canada

To test the feasibility of radiant energy vacuum （REV） dehydration, a technology that couples microwave cooking with vacuum pressure, on beef jerky preparation, the physical and microbial properties of the final jerky product was compared to conventional preparation methods. Physical characteristics assessed using puncture and shear tests of samples prepared using REV dehydration compared to the traditional method were not statistically different （P 〈 0.05）. Moisture content and water activity levels were also very similar between the two products, To test microbiological quality, samples were homogenized in a stomacher and a variety of 3 M Petrifilms were used to evaluate the microbial load. Raw beef harboured low numbers of microbes, but the post-marination pasteurization/smoking step used in both treatments eliminated all culturable microorganisms tested for. To further investigate the ability of REV dehydration to kill microbes, samples were spiked with Listeria innocua after the pasteurization/smoking step but prior to REV dehydration. Samples were taken at different time intervals for microbial enumeration, and a decimal reduction time of 1 min was calculated, with 99.99% of 1.98 × 10^7 CFU g^-1 Listeria being killed in five min. Improved drying times were observed for jerky samples prepared using the REV method offering potential energy savings during jerky preparation.

关键词： Microwave food safety dehydration preservation Listeria innocua beef jerky.

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快速5公里训练法

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体育健康知识画刊（阳光体育） 2009年第8期 24-27页

作者： scott douglas 卢志敏

无论你是赛道上的新手或是老将，我们都为你的下一个5公里最佳发挥制定好了训练计划。任何人经过一周的跑步训练都可以完成5公里赛跑。但是如果想每公里速度比平时提高2分钟，那么你就需要制定一个提高速度的训练计划。

关键词：训练法训练计划跑步训练速度比高速度

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一个希伯来语的问候　

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疯狂英语（阅读版） 2005年第11期 23-25页

作者： scott douglas 杰拉德

希伯来语属于亚非语系闪米特语族(或属闪含语系闪语族),为犹太教的宗教语言。过去的二千五百年,“希伯来语”主要用于《圣经》与相关宗教方面的研究,自从20世纪特别是以色列复国以来, “希伯来语”作为口语在犹太人中重新复活,渐渐取代... 详细信息

希伯来语属于亚非语系闪米特语族(或属闪含语系闪语族),为犹太教的宗教语言。过去的二千五百年,“希伯来语”主要用于《圣经》与相关宗教方面的研究,自从20世纪特别是以色列复国以来, “希伯来语”作为口语在犹太人中重新复活,渐渐取代阿拉伯语、犹太西班牙语和意第绪语(或称为“依地语”,犹太人使用的国际交流语),以色列建国后将“希伯来语”定为官方语言之一,采用希伯来语字母书写;另一种官方语言是阿拉伯语。在阿拉伯国家,通用的语言是阿拉伯语。由于历史的原因,阿拉伯国家和以色列之间存在难以调和的矛盾,堪称世仇。但文章中的阿拉伯小女孩用希伯来语跟路上遇到的一个陌生白人打招呼(the best guess是她以为遇到的是犹太人),让作者感觉到,以色列和阿拉伯之间的仇恨并不是不能化解的,至少他在纯真的孩童身上看到了希望。

关键词：希伯来语官方语言国际交流西班牙语语系口语宗教语言字母犹太人阿拉伯语

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SMARCB1/INI1-deficient pancreatic undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma mimicking solid pseudopapillary neoplasm: A case report and review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第36期26卷 5520-5526页

作者： Yinan Hua Piyush Soni douglas Larsen Riyam Zreik Bing Leng Debby Rampisela Department of Pathology Baylor Scott&White HealthTexas A&M University College of MedicineTempleTX 76508United States

BACKGROUND SMARCB1/INI1-deficient pancreatic undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma is a very aggressive tumor that is rarely reported in the *** tumor has a predominant rhabdoid cell component and different patterns of growth have been *** SUMMARY A 59-year-old woman presented with diffuse abdominal pain,increasing in severity and accompanied by weight loss,nausea,and *** showed a pancreatic head *** needle aspiration demonstrated atypical epithelioid cells with a pseudopapillary growth pattern suggestive of solid pseudopapillary *** excised neoplasm showed monotonous epithelioid and focally spindle cells with pseudopapillary structures,rhabdoid features,and loss of SMARCB1 protein expression with wild-type KRAS,consistent with a SMARCB1/INI1-deficient undifferentiated rhabdoid *** patient’s condition deteriorated rapidly following surgery and she expired 3 mo post *** In this article,we report the first case of SMARCB1/INI1-deficient undifferentiated pancreatic rhabdoid carcinoma mimicking solid pseudopapillary neoplasm.

关键词： Pancreatic undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm SMARCB1/INI1 KRAS Case report

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Soil fungal and prokaryotic community structure exhibits differential short-term responses to timber harvest in the Pacific Northwest

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 109-125页

作者： Rachel E.DANIELSON Megan L.MCGINNIS scott M.HOLUB David D.MYROLD Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallis OR 97331-7306(USA) United State Forest Service Helena-Lewis and Clark National Forest2880 Skyway DriveHelena MT 59602(USA) Weyerhaeuser Company PO Box 275Springfield OR 97477(USA) Department of Land Airand Water ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaDavis CA 95616USA

Conventional clear-cut timber harvest is a widespread industrial practice across the Pacific Northwest;however,information regarding how these practices impact soil microbial community structure at the regional scale is *** evidence of consistent and substantial impact of harvest on soil microbial functional profiles across the region(despite a range of environmental conditions),the objective of this study was to determine the extent to which harvest also influences the structure of prokaryotic and fungal soil microbial communities,and how generalized these trends are throughout the geographic *** soil samples were collected one year before and after harvest across nine second-growth douglas-fir forests in the Pacific *** community DNA was extracted from the soils,and high-throughput targeted gene sequencing of the 16 S r RNA gene for prokaryotes and the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)gene for fungi was *** diversity was consistently and significantly higher after harvest;it was moderately so for fungal communities(+14.6%),but only marginally so for prokaryotic communities(+2.0%).Similarly,on average,a greater proportion of the variation in the community structure of fungi(20.1%)at each site was associated with forest harvest compared to that of prokaryotes(13.2%).Overall,the greatest influence of timber harvest on soil microbial communities appeared to be a relative depletion of ectomycorrhizal fungi,with a concomitant enrichment of saprotrophic *** the short-term responses of soil microbial communities across the region,particularly those of tree root-associated symbionts,may aid our understanding of the role soil microbial communities play in ecological succession.

关键词： clear-cut douglas-fir forest ectomycorrhizal fungi forest soil microbial community microbial diversity root-associated symbiont saprotrophic fungi

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Hepatic decompensation/serious adverse events in post-liver transplantation recipients on sofosbuvir for recurrent hepatitis C virus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第9期22卷 2844-2854页

作者： Neal Patel Kian Bichoupan Lawrence Ku Rachana Yalamanchili Alyson Harty Donald Gardenier Michel Ng David Motamed Viktoriya Khaitova Nancy Bach Charissa Chang Priya Grewal Meena Bansal Ritu Agarwal Lawrence Liu Gene Im Jennifer Leong Leona Kim-Schluger Joseph Odin Jawad Ahmad scott Friedman douglas Dieterich Thomas Schiano Ponni Perumalswami Andrea Branch Division of Liver Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Recanati Miller Transplant Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

AIM: To determine the safety profile of new hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatments in liver transplant (LT) recipients with recurrent HCV ***: Forty-two patients were identified with recurrent HCV infection that underwent LT at least 12 mo prior to initiating treatment with a Sofosbuvir-based regimen during December 2013-June 2014. Cases were patients who experienced hepatic decompensation and/or serious adverse events (SAE) during or within one month of completing treatment. Controls had no evidence of hepatic decompensation and/or SAE. HIV-infected patients were excluded. Cumulative incidence of decompensation/SAE was calculated using the Kaplan Meier method. Exact logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the composite ***: Median age of the 42 patients was 60 years [Interquartile Range (IQR): 56-65 years], 33% (14/42) were female, 21% (9/42) were Hispanic, and 9% (4/42) were Black. The median time from transplant to treatment initiation was 5.4 years (IQR: 2.1-8.8 years). Thirteen patients experienced one or more episodes of hepatic decompensation and/or SAE. Anemia requiring transfusion, the most common event, occurred in 62% (8/13) patients, while 54% (7/13) decompensated. The cumulative incidence of hepatic decompensation/SAE was 31% (95%CI: 16%-41%). Risk factors for decompensation/SAE included lower pre-treatment hemoglobin (OR = 0.61 per g/dL, 95%CI: 0.40-0.88, P 2, 95%CI: 0.90-0.99, P = 0.01), and higher baseline serum total bilirubin (OR = 2.43 per mg/dL, 95%CI: 1.17-8.65, P < 0.01). The sustained virological response rate for the cohort of 42 patients was 45%, while it was 31% for ***: Sofosbuvir/ribavirin will continue to be used in the post-transplant population, including those with HCV genotypes 2 and 3. Management of anemia remains an important clinical challenge.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Sofosbuvir Ribavirin Anemia Hepatic decompensation Serious adverse event Liver transplant

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