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High association strengths are linked to phenotypic similarity,including plumage color and patterns,of participants in mixed-species bird flocks of southwestern China

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 34-44页

作者： Liping Zhou Christos Mammides Youfang Chen Wenyi Zhou Wenzhang Dai Edward L.Braun Rebecca T.kimball Yang Liu scott k.Robinson Eben Goodale Guangxi key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Nature Conservation Unit Frederick University7Yianni Frederickou StreetPallouriotissaNicosia 1036Cyprus State key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Florida Museum of Natural History University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA Department of Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210000China State key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of EcologySun-Yatsen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Department of Health and Environmental Science Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Participants in mixed-species bird flocks(MSFs)have been shown to associate with species that are similar in body size,diet,and evolutionary history,suggesting that facilitation structures these *** addition,several studies have suggested that species in MsFs resemble each other in their plumage,but this question has not been systematically investigated for any MsF *** the nonbreeding season of 2020 and 2021,we sampled 585 MSFs on 14 transects in 2 habitats of Tongbiguang Nature Reserve in western Yunnan Province,*** performed social network analysis and the Multiple Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure to evaluate the effect of 4 species traits(body size,overall plumage color,distinctive plumage patterns,and diet)and evolutionary history on species association strength at the whole-MSF and within-MSF *** 41 significant relationships showed that species with stronger associations were more similar in their various *** size had the strongest effect on association strength,followed by phylogeny,plumage patterns,and plumage color;diet had the weakest *** results are consistent with the hypotheses that the benefits of associating with phenotypically similar species outweigh the potential costs of interspecific competition,and that trait matching can occur in plumage characteristics,albeit more weakly than in other *** explanations exist as to why similarities in plumage may occur in MSFs,including that they could reduce predators'ability to target phenotypically"odd"*** trait matching in plumage occurs through assortative processes in ecological time or is influenced by co-evolution requires furtherstudy.

关键词： co-evolution interaction networks mixed-species animal groups phenotypic similarity trait convergence

Regulation of Power Conversion in Fuel Cells

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 466-469页

作者： ZHANG J. k. scott School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon TyneSchool of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK NE1 7RU UK

Here we report a regulation about power conversion in fuel cells. This regulation is expressed as that total power produced by fuel cells is always proportional to the square of the potential difference between the \{equilibrium\} potential and work potential. With this regulation we deduced fuel cell performance equation which can describe the potential *** current performance curves, namely, polarization curves of fuel cells with three power source parameters: equilibrium potential E_0; internal resistance R; and power conversion coefficient k. The concept of the power conversion coefficient is a new criterion to evaluate and compare the characteristics and capacity of different fuel cells. The calculated values obtained with this equation agree with practical performance of different types of fuel cells.

关键词： Fuel cell Power conversion coefficient Internal resistance Performance Potential

Self-referent phenotype matching and its role in female mate choice in arthropods

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 239-248页

作者： Carie B. WEDDLE John HUNT scott k. SAkALUk Behavior Ecology Evolution & Systematics Section School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University Normal IL USA Center for Ecology & Conservation School of Biosciences University of Exeter Tremough Penryn UK.

A growing body of empirical evidence shows that females of many animal species gain benefits by mating polyan- drously, and often prefer to mate with novel males over previous mates. Although a female preference for novel males has been ,demonstrated for multiple animal taxa, the mechanisms used by females to discriminate between novel and previous mates remain largely unknown. However, recent studies suggest that in decorated crickets Gryllodes sigillatus, females actually imbue males with their own chemical cues, known as cuticular hydrocarbons （CHCs） during mating, and utilize chemosensory self-referencing 1：o recognize recent mates. Here we review evidence that self-referent phenotype matching is a widespread mechanism of recogni- tion in arthropods, and explore how CHCs are used to facilitate mate-choice decisions. There is substantial evidence that CHCs are used as recognition cues to discriminate between species, kin, sexes, mates, individuals, and self and non-self, and are used to facilitate mate-choice decisions in a wide range of arthropod taxa. There is also evidence that CHCs are often transferred between individuals during direct physical contact, including copulation. Chemosensory self-referencing via cuticular hydrocarbons could provide a simple, but reliable mechanism for identifying individuals from previous mating encounters. This mechanism does not require any specialized cognitive abilities because an individual＇s phenotype is always available for reference. Given the ubiqui- tous use of CHCs among arthropods, chemosensory self-referencing may be a widespread mechanism used by female arthropods to facilitate ibmale mate-choice decisions and to enhance opportunities for polyandry [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 239-248, 2013].

关键词： Polyandry Chemical signals Cuticular hydrocarbons Sexual selection

Effect of annealing on two different niobium-clad stainless steel PEMFC bipolar plate materials

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第B09期19卷 56-60页

作者： Sung-Tae HONG Dae-Wook kIM Yong-Joo YOU k.scott WEIL School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering University of Ulsan Department of Material Science and Engineering University of Ulsan Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Niobium (Nb)-clad stainless steels(SS) produced via roll bonding are being considered for use in the bipolar plates of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) stacks. Because the roll bonding process induces substantial work hardening in the constituent materials, thermal annealing is used to restore ductility to the clad sheet so that it can be subsequently blanked, stamped and dimpled in forming the final plate component. Two roll bonded materials, niobium clad 340L stainless steel (Nb/340L SS) and niobium clad 434 stainless steel (Nb/434 SS) were annealed under optimized conditions prescribed by the cladding manufacturer. Comparative mechanical testing conducted on each material before and after annealing shows significant improvement in ductility in both cases. However, corresponding microstructural analyses indicate an obvious difference between the two heat treated materials. During annealing, an interlayer with thick less than 1 μm forms between the constituent layers in the Nb/340L SS, whereas no interlayer is found in the annealed Nb/434 SS material. Prior work suggests that internal defects potentially can be generated in such an interlayer during metal forming operations. Thus, Nb/434 SS may be the preferred candidate material for this application.

关键词：质子交换膜燃料不锈钢材料双极板材料退火条件复合板铌聚合物电解质微观结构分析

Incidence rate of prostate cancer in men treated for erectile dysfunction with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors： retrospective analysis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第2期15卷 246-248,I0008页

作者： Anthony H Chavez k scott Coffield M Hasan Rajab Chanhee Joe Departments of Urology Scott & White Healthcare Temple Texas 76508 USA Departments of Biostatistics Scott & White Healthcare Temple Texas 76508 USA Deparment of Biostatistics College of Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh 11533 Saudi Arabia

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence rate of prostate cancer among men with erectile dysfunction （ED） treated with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors （PDE-5i） over a 7-year period vs. men with ED of the same age and with similar risk factors who were not treated with PDE-5i. In a retrospective review of electronic medical records and billing databases between the years 2000 and 2006, men with ED between the ages of 50 and 69 years and no history of prostate cancer prior to 2000 were identified. These individuals were divided into two groups： 2362 men who had treatment with PDE-5i, and 2612 men who did not have treatment. Demographic data in each group were compared. During the study period, 97 （4.1%） men with ED treated with PDE-5i were diagnosed with prostate cancer compared with 258 （9.9%） men with ED in the non-treated group （P〈00001）. A higher percentage of African Americans were treated with PDE-5i vs. those who were not （10.5% vs. 7.1%; P〈O.O001）. The PDE-5i group had lower documented diagnosis of elevated prostate-specific antigen （10.0% vs. 13.1%; P=-0.0008） and higher percentage of benign prostatic hyperplasia （38.4% vs. 35.1%; P=0.0149）. Men with ED treated with PDE-5i tended to have less chance （adjusted odds ratio： 0.4; 95% confidence intervals： 0.3-0.5; P〈0.0001） of having prostate cancer. Our data suggest that men with ED treated with PDE-5i tended to have less of a chance of beine diaenosed with orostate cancer. Further research is warranted.

关键词： erectile dysfunction (ED) phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) prostate cancer prostatic neoplasms

Building financial models with Microsoft Excel

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High temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

2004年

作者： k. scott Proctor

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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电池 2006年第5期36卷 347-353页

作者： k.scott M.Mamlouk School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials Universityof NewcastleNE1 7RUUK

One of the majorissuesli mitingtheintroduction of polymer electrolyte membranefuel cells(PEMFCs) is thelowtemperature ofoperation which makes platinum-based anode catalysts susceptible to poisoning by the trace amount of CO,inevitably present in *** order to alleviate the problemof COpoisoning andi mprove the power density of the cell,operating at temperature above 100 ℃***-type perfluorosulfonated polymers have been typically used for ***,the conductivity of Nafion-typepolymers is not high enoughto be usedfor fuel cell operations at higher temperature(>90 ℃) and atmospheric pressure because they dehy-drate under these *** additional problem which faces the introduction of PEMFCtechnology is that of supplying or storing hydrogen for cell operation,especially for vehicular *** the use of alternative fuels such as methanol and ethanol is of interest,especially if thiscan be used directlyinthe fuel cell,without reformationto *** mitation of the direct use of alcohol is thelower activity of oxida-tionin comparison to hydrogen,which means that power densities are considerably *** to i mprove activity and power outputhigher temperatures of operation are *** achieve this goal,requires a newpolymer electrolyte membrane which exhibits stabilityand high conductivityin the absence of liquid *** mental data on a polybenzi midazole based PEMFC were *** mple steady-stateisothermal model of the fuel cell is alsoused to aidin fuel cell performance opti *** governing equations involve the coupling of kinetic,ohmic and mass *** also considers the advances madeinthe performance of direct methanol and solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells and considers theirli mi-tations in relation to the source and type of fuels to be used.

关键词： polybenzi midazole(PBI) high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell methanol ethanol

Advances in preclinical evaluation of experimental antibody-drug conjugates

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2021年第4期4卷 745-754页

作者： scott k.Lyons Dennis Plenker Lloyd C.Trotman Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring HarborNY 11724USA

The ability to chemically modify monoclonal antibodies with the attachment of specific functional groups has opened up an enormous range of possibilities for the targeted treatment and diagnosis of cancer in the *** the number of such antibody-based drug candidates has increased,so too has the need for more stringent and robust preclinical evaluation of their in vivo performance to maximize the likelihood that time,research effort,and money are only spent developing the most effective and promising candidate molecules for translation to the *** with the development of antibody-drug conjugate(ADC)technology,several recent advances in preclinical research stand to greatly increase the experimental rigor by which promising candidate molecules can be *** include advances in preclinical tumor modeling with the development of patient-derived tumor organoid models that far better recapitulate many aspects of the human disease than conventional subcutaneous xenograft *** models are amenable to genetic manipulation,which will greatly improve our understanding of the relationship between ADC and antigen and stringently evaluate mechanisms of therapeutic ***,tumor development is often not visible in these in vivo *** discuss how the application of several preclinical molecular imaging techniques will greatly enhance the quality of experimental data,enabling quantitative pre-and post-treatment tumor measurements or the precise assessment of ADCs as effective *** our opinion,when taken together,these advances in preclinical cancer research will greatly improve the identification of effective candidate ADC molecules with the best chance of clinical translation and cancer patient benefit.

关键词： Antibody-drug conjugate tumor preclinical organoid CRISPR preclinical imaging theranostic

The structure of mixed-species bird flocks,and their response to anthropogenic disturbance,with special reference to East Asia

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Chinese Birds 2015年第3期6卷 121-131页

作者： Eben Goodale Ping Ding Xiaohu Liu Ari Martínez Xingfeng Si Mitch Walters scott k.Robinson Department of Forestry Guangxi University College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Wildlife Conservation Society China Program Department of Biology San Francisco State University Department of Biology University of Florida Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida

Mixed-species flocks of birds are distributed world-wide and can be especially dominant in temperate forests during the non-breeding season and in tropical rainforests *** review from a community ecology perspective what is known about the structure and organization of flocks,emphasizing that flocking species tend to be those particularly vulnerable to predation,and flocks tend to be led by species that are able to act as sources of information about predators for other *** on how flocks respond to fragmentation and land-use intensification continue to accumulate,but the question of whether the flock phenomenon makes species more vulnerable to anthropogenic change remains *** review the literature on flocks in East Asia and demonstrate there is a good foundation of knowledge on which to *** then outline potentially fruitful future directions,focusing on studies that can investigate how dependent species are on each other in flocks,and how such interdependencies might affect avian habitat selection in the different types of human-modified environments of this region.

关键词： Biodiversity crisis Biological networks Community assembly Competition Interspecific communication keystone species Mutualism Pr