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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第28期12卷 4557-4560页

作者： ag Billoo MA Memon SA Khaskheli G Murtaza Khalid Iqbal M Saeed Shekhani Ahson Q Siddiqi Department of Pediatrics Aga Khan UniversityKarachiParkistan Department of Pathology Kharadar General HospitalKarachiParkistan Department of Pediatrics Kharadar General HospitalKarachiParkistan Consultant Pediatrician Kharadar General HospitalKarachiParkistan Medical Director Kharadar General HospitalKarachiParkistan Assistant Professor of Medicine Hamdard UniversityParkistan Director Medical and Regulatory Affairs Hilton Pharma (Pvt.) LtdParkistan

AIM： To assess the efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii （S. boulardii） in acute watery diarrhoea and its role in reducing the frequency of episodes of diarrhoea in subsequent two months. METHODS： Children from 2 mo to 12 years of age, with acute diarrhoea were selected according to inclusion criteria and randomised in S. boulardii group （treated with ORS, nutritional support and S. boulardii, 250 mg bid） and in control group （treated with ORS and nutritional support only）. Active treatment phase was 5 d and each child was followed for two months afterwards. Frequency and consistency of stools as well as safety of drug was assessed on every visit. A comparison of two groups was done in terms of number of diarrhoeal episode in subsequent two months. RESULTS： There were fifty patients in each group. Baseline characteristics such as mean age and the average frequency of stools were comparable in S. boulardii and control group at the time of inclusion in the trial. By d 3 it reduced to 2.7 and 4.2 stools per d respectively and by d 6 it reduced to 1.6 （5. boulardii Group） and 3.3 （control group）. The duration of diarrhoea was 3.6 d in S. boulardii group whereas it was 4.8 d in control group （P = 0.001）. In the following two months, S. boulardii group had a significantly lower frequency of 0.54 episodes as compared to 1.08 episodes in control group. The drug was well accepted and tolerated. There were no reports of the side effects during treatment period CONCLUSION： S. boulardii significantly reduces the frequency and duration of acute diarrhoea. The consistency of stool also improves. The drug is well-tolerated.

关键词： Acute watery diarrhoea Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii Frequency of episodes of diarrhoea Weight gain

Safety of a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Elderly Adults Previously Immunized with a 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine: An Open-Label Trial

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World Journal of Vaccines 2013年第4期3卷 123-129页

作者： Tino F. schwarz Karlis Pauksens Christine Juergens Deepthi Jayawardene Daniel A. Scott William C. Gruber Beate Schmoele-Thoma Central Laboratory and Vaccination Centre Stiftung Juliusspital Würzburg Germany Department of Medical Sciences Section of Infectious Diseases Uppsala University Akademiska Sjukhuset Uppsala Sweden Pfizer Inc. Collegeville USA Pfizer pharma GmbH Berlin Germany Pfizer Vaccine Research Pfizer Pearl River USA

An open-label, multicenter study was conducted to describe the safety of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 1049 individuals aged ≥68 years, who had previously been immunized with the unconjugated 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). In addition, the safety profile of PCV13 in this study was compared, in a post-hoc descriptive analysis, to that observed in other elderly populations, who had received PCV13 or PPSV23 as part of other completed studies. Local (56.6%) and systemic reactions (58.4%) were very common, but were mainly mild, and of short duration (mean: 1.3 - 4.6 days). There were no related serious adverse events (AEs) within 1 month after PCV13. 123 days after PCV13 and 94 days after a nonstudy influenza vaccine, a case of transient Guillain-Barré syndrome occurred, which the investigator assessed as possibly related to the vaccination. Reactogenicity observed in this study population was generally similar to that of other elderly study populations with PPSV23-preimmunized adults, and with PPSV23-naive adults. Reactogenicity was less common in this study than that observed in PPSV23-preimmunized adults who were revaccinated with PPSV23 rather than a subsequent dose of PCV13. There were no related serious AEs reported after PCV13 and PPSV23 in these comparator studies. Conclusion: PCV13 may be administered safely to older adults previously immunized with PPSV23. (ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT00500266)

关键词： 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae Reactogenicity Safety

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汽车电子技术的发展趋势

传动技术 2003年第2期17卷 1-17页

作者： Wolfgang Runge Harald Deiss Josef schwarz Hubert Remmlinger ZF Friedrichshafen ag ZF Friedrichshafen AG ZF Friedrichshafen AGZF Friedrichshafen AG

电子技术在汽车工业中占有非常重要的地位。它可满足现代化车辆在燃油经济性 ,排放 ,安全性 ,舒适性和动态驾驶等方面的要求。但是对车辆制造商而言 ,在诸如 42 V车载电源 ,独立系统和多媒体技术的集成及软件的开发和使用等方面具有很... 详细信息

电子技术在汽车工业中占有非常重要的地位。它可满足现代化车辆在燃油经济性 ,排放 ,安全性 ,舒适性和动态驾驶等方面的要求。但是对车辆制造商而言 ,在诸如 42 V车载电源 ,独立系统和多媒体技术的集成及软件的开发和使用等方面具有很大的挑战。同时为适应“新经济”的步伐 ,“经典的汽车工业”必须熟悉其游戏规则以及面对来自计算机和通讯工业新的竞争。

关键词：汽车电子技术车载电源底盘传感器多媒体发展趋势

Optical imaging of post-embryonic zebrafish using multi orientation raster scan optoacoustic mesoscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 336-341页

作者： Murad Omar Johannes Rebling Kai Wicker Tobias Schmitt-Manderbach Mathias schwarz Jérôme Gateau Hérnan López-Schier Timo Mappes Vasilis Ntziachristos Chair for Biological Imaging Technische Universität MünchenMünchen D-81675Germany Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherberg D-85764Germany Carl Zeiss ag Corporate Research and TechnologyJena D-07745Germany ESPCI Paris PSL Research UniversityCNRSINSERMInstitut LangevinParis F-75005France Research Unit Sensory Biology and Organogenesis Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherberg D-85764Germany Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH Technology&InnovationAalen D-73430Germany

Whole-body optical imaging of post-embryonic stage model organisms is a challenging and long sought-after *** requires a combination of high-resolution performance and high-penetration ***(photoacoustic)mesoscopy holds great promise,as it penetrates deeper than optical and optoacoustic microscopy while providing high-spatial ***,optoacoustic mesoscopic techniques only offer partial visibility of oriented structures,such as blood vessels,due to a limited angular detection aperture or the use of ultrasound frequencies that yield insufficient *** introduce 3601 multi orientation(multi-projection)raster scan optoacoustic mesoscopy(MORSOM)based on detecting an ultra-wide frequency bandwidth(up to 160 MHz)and weighted deconvolution to synthetically enlarge the angular *** report unprecedented isotropic inplane resolution at the 9–17μm range and improved signal to noise ratio in phantoms and opaque 21-day-old *** find that MORSOM performance defines a new operational specification for optoacoustic mesoscopy of adult organisms,with possible applications in the developmental biology of adulthood and aging.

关键词： deconvolution development mesoscopy multiview optoacoustics photoacoustics

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德国军事历史博物馆

中国建筑装饰装修 2012年第1期 70-81页

作者： Dipl.-Ing.Volker von Gagern Delux ag Josef Gartner GmbH Ing. Consult Cornelius-schwarz-Zeitler GmbH Barbara Holzer--Collaboration Holzer Kobler Architekturen and HG Merz Architekten

德累斯顿军事博物馆此次是二次设计项目．现在该博物馆是德国军队的官方博物馆。整个博物馆展览空间大约在21．000平方英尺．是德国最大的博物馆。

关键词：历史博物馆军事博物馆德国军队设计项目展览空间

The roles of bone remodeling in normal hematopoiesis and age-related hematological malignancies

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Bone Research 2023年第2期11卷 273-291页

作者： Hengwei Zhang Jane LLiesveld Laura MCalvi Brea CLipe Lianping Xing Michael WBecker Edward Mschwarz Shu-Chi A.Yeh Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center601 Elmwood AveBox 665RochesterNY14642USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Wilmot Cancer Center University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation ProgramUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology/MetabolismUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Medicine Division of Allergy/Immunology/RheumatologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of RochesterNYUSA Department of Physiology/pharmacology University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA

Prior research establishing that bone interacts in coordination with the bone marrow microenvironment(BMME)to regulate hematopoietic homeostasis was largely based on analyses of individual bone-associated cell *** advances in intravital imaging has suggested that the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)and acute myeloid leukemia cells is restricted to bone marrow microdomains during a distinct stage of bone *** findings indicate that dynamic bone remodeling likely imposes additional heterogeneity within the BMME to yield differential clonal responses.A holistic understanding of the role of bone remodeling in regulating the stem cell niche and how these interactions are altered in age-related hematological malignancies will be critical to the development of novel *** advance this understanding,herein,we provide a synopsis of the cellular and molecular constituents that participate in bone turnover and their known connections to the hematopoietic ***,we elaborate on the coupling between bone remodeling and the BMME in homeostasis and age-related hematological malignancies and after treatment with bone-targeting *** then discuss unresolved questions and ambiguities that remain in the field.

关键词： remodeling homeostasis likely

Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune proteome” and “local antibiotic therapy”

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Bone Research 2019年第3期7卷 225-242页

作者： Elysia A. Masters Ryan P. Trombetta Karen L. de Mesy Bentley Brendan F Boyce Ann Lindley Gill Steven R. Gill Kohei Nishitani Masahiro Ishikawa Yugo Morita Hiromu Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry Mark Ninomiya James D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. Lee Stephanie P. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John L. Daiss John R. Owen Stephen L. Kates Edward M. schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center Richmond VA USA

Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity,mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, *** intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure.

关键词： disease caused by soft tissue necrotic tissuel

神经精神药理学治疗药物监测共识指南:2017版

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实用药物与临床 2022年第2期25卷 97-118页

作者： C.Hiemke N.Bergemann H.W.Clement A.Conca J.Deckert K.Domschke G.Eckermann K.Egberts M.Gerlach C.Greiner G.Gründer E.Haen U.Havemann-Reinecke G.Hefner R.Helmer G.Janssen E.Jaquenoud G.Laux T.Messer R.M ssner M.JMüller M.Paulzen B.Pfuhlmann P.Riederer A.Saria B.Schoppek G.Schoretsanitis M.schwarz M.Silva Gracia B.Stegmann W.Steimer J.C.Stingl M.Uhr S.Ulrich S.Unterecker R.Waschgler G.Zernig G.Zurek P.Baumann 李文标(译) 果伟(译) 贺静(译) 鲍爽(译) 路钊(译) 牛梦溪(译) 阮灿军(译) 臧彦楠(译) 王勇(译) 张玲(译) 刘辰庚(译) 李洁(译) 汤宜朗(译) 王传跃(译) 王刚(译) Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Medical Center of MainzMainzGermany Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Medical Center of MainzMainzGermany Kitzberg Hospitals Center for Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyBad MergentheimGermany Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Servizio Psichiatrico del Comprensorio Sanitario di Bolzano BolzanoItaly Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsUniversity Hospital of WürzburgGermany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical Center-University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Psychiatric Hospital KaufbeurenGermany Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyCenter of Mental HealthUniversity Hospital of WürzburgGermany Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices(BfArM) BonnGermany Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenand JARA–Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany Clinical pharmacology Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics University of G ttingenG ttingenGermany Psychiatric Hospital Vitos KlinikEichbergEltvilleGermany Center of Epilepsy BielefeldGermany Medical Laboratory Stein Limbach GroupM nchengladbachGermany Psychiatric Hospital K nigsfeldenBruggAargauSwitzerland Institute of Psychological Medicine Haag in OberbayernGermany Danuviuskliniken Psychiatric HospitalPfaffenhofenGermany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of TübingenTübingenGermany Psychiatric Hospitals Oberberggruppe BerlinGermany Psychiatric Hospital Weisser Hirsch DresdenGermany Experimental Psychiatry Unit Department of Psychiatry1Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria kbo-Isar-Amper Klinikum München-Ost Psychiatric HospitalMunich-HaarGermany Department of

2.2剂量相关参考浓度范围对于TDM结果的解释,除了治疗参考浓度范围外还有另一个浓度范围,即所谓的剂量相关参考浓度范围。治疗参考浓度范围的应用是药效动力学问题,而剂量相关参考浓度范围的运用是药代动力学问题。后者比较的是测得的... 详细信息

2.2剂量相关参考浓度范围对于TDM结果的解释,除了治疗参考浓度范围外还有另一个浓度范围,即所谓的剂量相关参考浓度范围。治疗参考浓度范围的应用是药效动力学问题,而剂量相关参考浓度范围的运用是药代动力学问题。后者比较的是测得的药物浓度与理论预期药物浓度范围。参照药代动力学研究,优先考虑没有合并用药或药物基因组异常的患者群(“正常”患者),在日维持剂量(Daily maintenance dose,D m)、给药间隔(Dosing interval,d i)、总清除率(Total clearance,CL)和生物利用度(Bioavailability,F)已知情况下,某种药物在某个“正常”患者体内的预期平均稳态浓度(Average steady-state concentration,C av)可通过下面的公式计算。

关键词：治疗药物监测药效动力学给药间隔维持剂量生物利用度药物浓度药代动力学合并用药

神经精神药理学治疗药物监测共识指南:2017版

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实用药物与临床 2022年第1期25卷 1-20页

作者： C.Hiemke N.Bergemann H.W.Clement A.Conca J.Deckert K.Domschke G.Eckermann K.Egberts M.Gerlach C.Greiner G.Gründer E.Haen U.Havemann-Reinecke G.Hefner R.Helmer G.Janssen E.Jaquenoud G.Laux T.Messer R.M ssner M.J.Müller M.Paulzen B.Pfuhlmann P.Riederer A.Saria B.Schoppek G.Schoretsanitis M.schwarz M.Silva Gracia B.Stegmann W.Steimer J.C.Stingl M.Uhr S.Ulrich S.Unterecker R.Waschgler G.Zernig G.Zurek P.Baumann 李文标(主译) 果伟(译) 贺静(译) 鲍爽(译) 路钊(译) 牛梦溪(译) 阮灿军(译) 臧彦楠(译) 王勇(译) 张玲(译) 刘辰庚(译) 李洁(译) 汤宜朗(审校) 王传跃(审校) 王刚(审校) Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Medical Center of MainzMainzGermany Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Medical Center of MainzMainzGermany Kitzberg Hospitals Center for Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyBad MergentheimGermany Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Servizio Psichiatrico del Comprensorio Sanitario di Bolzano BolzanoItaly Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsUniversity Hospital of WürzburgGermany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical Center-University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Psychiatric Hospital KaufbeurenGermany Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyCenter of Mental HealthUniversity Hospital of WürzburgGermany Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices(BfArM) BonnGermany Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenand JARA–Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany Clinical pharmacology Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics University of G ttingenG ttingenGermany Psychiatric Hospital Vitos KlinikEichbergEltvilleGermany Center of Epilepsy BielefeldGermany Medical Laboratory Stein Limbach GroupM nchengladbachGermany Psychiatric Hospital K nigsfeldenBruggAargauSwitzerland Institute of Psychological Medicine Haag in OberbayernGermany Danuviuskliniken Psychiatric HospitalPfaffenhofenGermany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of TübingenTübingenGermany Psychiatric Hospitals Oberberggruppe BerlinGermany Psychiatric Hospital Weisser Hirsch DresdenGermany Experimental Psychiatry Unit Department of Psychiatry1Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria kbo-Isar-Amper Klinikum München-Ost Psychiatric HospitalMunich-HaarGermany Department of

治疗药物监测(Therapeutic Drug Monitoring,TDM)通过定量测定和解释血药浓度以优化药物治疗。TDM着眼于药代动力学的个体差异,使个体化药物治疗成为可能。在精神病学和神经病学领域中,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括少年儿童... 详细信息

治疗药物监测(Therapeutic Drug Monitoring,TDM)通过定量测定和解释血药浓度以优化药物治疗。TDM着眼于药代动力学的个体差异,使个体化药物治疗成为可能。在精神病学和神经病学领域中,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括少年儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智障患者、药物滥用者、涉法精神病患者、已知或怀疑药代动力学异常的患者以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。常规剂量下治疗无效,用药依从性难以判断,药物耐受性不佳,以及可能存在药代动力学方面的药物-药物相互作用等情况都是治疗药物监测的典型指征。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了向临床医生和实验室提供有效的TDM信息,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und pharmakopsychiatrie,agNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了第一版《精神科治疗药物监测指南》。2011年进行了更新之后,现在再次更新。遵循新版指南,可能会改善神经精神药物治疗的效果,加快很多患者的康复,并降低医疗费用。

关键词：抗凝药物妊娠期静脉血栓栓塞疾病抗抑郁药抗癫痫药抗帕金森病药抗精神病药血药浓度共识指南药物分析基因型分析神经药物遗传药理学药代动力学表型分析血浆药物浓度精神药物参考范围血清药物浓度治疗药物监测治疗窗