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Applications of lung clearance index in monitoring children with cystic fibrosis

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2019年第2期8卷 15-22页

作者： Andrew Fretzayas Konstantinos Douros maria Moustaki Ioanna Loukou School of Medicine University of Athens department of Pediatrics Athens Medical Center Athens University Medical School Respiratory Unit Third Department of Pediatrics Athens University Medical School "Attikon" University Hospital department of Cystic Fibrosis "Agia Sofia" Children’s Hospital

A sensitive, reproducible and feasible measure of lung function for monitoring the respiratory health is a prerequisite for the optimization of management of the patients with cystic fibrosis(CF). Spirometry has been considered the method of choice, although it is applicable only in children older than 6 years of age, as good cooperation is necessary for its proper performance. However, over the last15 years, scientific interest in gas dilution techniques and particularly in multiple breath wash out(MBW) method has been revived. The most commonly reported index of MBW is lung clearance index(LCI). The aim of this review is to present the most recent developments in the application of LCI as a monitoring index of respiratory status of CF patients. LCI is a sensitive and reproducible marker of ventilation inhomogeneity. It is more sensitive than spirometry and, unlike spirometry; it can be performed across the whole pediatric age range. Since it is dependent on body size, until at least the age of 6 years, the relative and not the absolute changes are more appropriate for providing clinically meaningful conclusion on ventilation inhomogeneity. Until now, MBW has been mainly used as a research tool. Based on the currently available data LCI cannot safely predict high-resolution computed tomography findings in children with CF, especially in infants. It can be used as an end-point measure for the assessment of beneficial effect of interventions. However, its utility as an outcome measure for the efficacy of therapeutic interventions seems to be dependent on the pathophysiologic mechanisms that underlie each intervention. It seems that more studies,especially longitudinal ones, are required in order to fully clarify the clinical usefulness of LCI, not only in the research setting, but also in every day practice of CF clinic.

关键词： Cystic fibrosis Respiratory health Lung clearance index Ventilation inhomogeneity

Microbial lipases:Propitious biocatalysts for the food industry

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Food Bioscience 2022年第1期45卷 34-44页

作者： Cleonice Aparecida Salgado Clarissa Isabela Aparecida dos Santos maria Cristina Dantas Vanetti department of Microbiology Universidade Federal de Viçosa(UFV)ViçosaMGBrazil

Lipases(triacylglycerol acylhydrolases,EC 3.***.1.3)are one of the largest groups of enzymes and are used in various industrial *** of microbial origin are currently receiving increased attention for industrial application as microorganisms grow quickly and are easily genetically ***,they offer several advantages,such as catalysis of diverse reactions,high specificity,high yields,low energy consumption and reduced processing time and production *** is a relentless ongoing effort to optimise the production of microbial lipases for potential application in the food *** this context,this review highlights the most promising techniques for producing microbial lipases and the recent applications of these lipases in dairy,oils and fats,bakery and confectionery,meat,flavours and aromas and other food *** lipases are normally obtained by fermentation,but the high costs of carbon and nitrogen sources limit the *** overcome this problem,low-cost agro-industrial residues in the lipase production process are *** obtain lipases with high yields and improved characteristics,the technique of protein engineering is described as promising,and the immobilization method that allows the recycling of lipases to improve their catalytic performance is *** to their catalytic properties and versatility,lipases of microbial origin are considered extremely important catalysts in the food industry,meeting the demand for tastier foods with pleasant aromas and ***,microbial lipases are considered safe and sustainable biocatalysts.

关键词： Microbial lipases Food industry Agro-industrial residue

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevention: role of Mediterranean diet and physical activity

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第2期8卷 167-169页

作者： Francesca maria Trovato Paola Castrogiovanni Lorenzo Malatino Giuseppe Musumeci department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Human Anatomy and Histology SectionSchool of MedicineUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences Human Anatomy and Histology SectionSchool of MedicineUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in Western countries leading to high morbidity and mortality and is strongly related to obesity(1).Indeed,metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD,which involves intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation and inflammation(2).NAFLD is a consequence of genetic predisposition interacting with environmental and behavioral *** within the literature strongly support the idea that it represents the hepatic feature of a multisystem disease together with type 2 diabetes,cardiovascular disease(CVD),chronic kidney disease and osteoporosis(3).Nevertheless,the exact mechanism of hepatic fat accumulation and the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is not completely *** fat is closely related to cardiometabolic risk(4)and,in order to decrease intrahepatic lipid(IHL)content and improve NAFLD,lifestyle interventions involving both diet and physical activity are recommended(2).In particular,great attention is focused on Mediterranean diet,which seems to help in gradually improving the severity of NAFLD(5).A randomized,cross-over intervention study demonstrated that in just 6 weeks,an olive-oil rich Mediterranean diet can result in a 40%relative reduction in liver fat measured by magnetic resonance in the form of IHL%(6).NAFLD improvement was associated with increased insulin sensitivity and reduced circulating insulin concentrations,even without a change in body weight(6).

关键词： NAFLD prevention hepatic

High Performance In Vivo Near-IR (>1 μm) Imaging and Photothermal Cancer Therapy with Carbon Nanotubes

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Nano Research 2010年第11期3卷 779-793页

作者： Joshua T.Robinson Kevin Welsher Scott M.Tabakman sarah P.Sherlock Hailiang Wang Richard Luong Hongjie Dai department of Chemistry Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA department of Comparative Medicine Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305USA

Short single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)functionalized by PEGylated phospholipids are biologically non-toxic and long-circulating nanomaterials with intrinsic near infrared photoluminescence(NIR PL),characteristic Raman spectra,and strong optical absorbance in the near infrared(NIR).This work demonstrates the first dual application of intravenously injected SWNTs as photoluminescent agents for in vivo tumor imaging in the 1.0-1.4μm emission region and as NIR absorbers and heaters at 808 nm for photothermal tumor elimination at the lowest injected dose(70μg of SWNT/mouse,equivalent to 3.6 mg/kg)and laser irradiation power(0.6 W/cm2)reported to *** vivo resonance Raman imaging revealed the SWNT distribution within tumors at a high spatial *** tumor elimination was achieved for large numbers of photothermally treated mice without any toxic side effects after more than six months ***,side-by-side experiments were carried out to compare the performance of SWNTs and gold nanorods(AuNRs)at an injected dose of 700μg of AuNR/mouse(equivalent to 35 mg/kg)in NIR photothermal ablation of tumors in *** effective tumor elimination with SWNTs was achieved at 10 times lower injected doses and lower irradiation powers than for *** results suggest there are significant benefits of utilizing the intrinsic properties of biocompatible SWNTs for combined cancer imaging and therapy.

关键词： Photothermal cancer SWNT imaging treatment

Hydrological variability and long-term floristic-structural modifications in different habitats of a tropical semi-deciduous forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 801-811页

作者： Alisson Borges Miranda Santos Vinicius Andrade Maia Cléber Rodrigo de Souza Natália de Aguiar-Campos Aurélio de Jesus Rodrigues Pais Wilder Bento da Silva Nathalle Cristine Alencar Fagundes Jean Daniel Morel Rubens Manoel dos Santos department of Forestry Sciences Federal University of LavrasCampus UniversitárioC.P.3037LavrasBrazil Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Natural Resources Zambeze UniversityChimoioC.P.2400Mozambique Biological Sciences Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisUnidade ItuiutabaAv.Antônio Carlos 6627Ituiutaba31270-901Brazil department of Biology Federal University of LavrasUniversity campusC.P.3037Lavras37200-000Brazil

Shifts in hydrological regimes alter river flow rates and flood pulses, decrease environmental heterogeneity and the floristic-structural complexity of associated plant communities. We tested the hypothesis that drought events affect plant community composition and structure at a small-scale within a riparian fragment towards a reduction in floristic-structural complexity. The tree community was sampled in three habitats (wet, transitional and dry) and monitored in seven inventories carried out between 1991 and 2018. Hydrological variations were evaluated through annual rainfalls, river flow rates and water level data. The species richness and the detrended correspondence analysis axes were used to characterise the temporal modifications in floristic composition. Community structure was described in terms of biomass: accumulated, growth of survivors, mortality and recruitment. Generalised linear mixed models were fitted to evaluate the effects of time and environment in community. It was concluded that the climate has become drier in recent years due to declining precipitation that has affected flow rates and water levels. The floristic-structural complexity of the study fragment was maintained during the monitoring period. However, prolonged and extreme drought events displayed the potential to impact floristic-structural patterns.

关键词： Forest dynamics Climate changes Semi-deciduous seasonal forest Temporal change Functioning communities

Self-templated covalent functionalization of graphitic surfaces with a quasi-periodic pattern

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Aggregate 2022年第4期3卷 121-130页

作者： Yuanzhi Xia Johannes Seibel Steven de Feyter Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics Department of ChemistryKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium

Patterned covalent functionalization of graphitic surfaces(GSs)is of interest in the development of devices and nanocomposite *** contrast to the strategies using external templates or control for realizing patterned covalent functionalization of GSs,here,we present a self-templated strategy by exploiting the synergistic effects of chemical and physical functionalization of ***,a diazonium salt is reduced by potassium iodide(KI)in dimethyl sulfoxide while the solution is in contact with a GS,resulting in its spatially heterogeneous,that is,chemical and physical,*** heterogeneous functionalization leads to a quasiperiodic pattern of striped corrals with three equivalent orientations in the covalent *** formation of the striped corrals is ascribed to physisorbed domains formed by self-assembled N_(2),which is produced in situ during the reduction of the diazonium salt,preventing the covalent functionalization.

关键词： diazonium chemistry graphitic surfaces patterned covalent functionalization quasi-periodic patterning self-templated strategy

An all-optical implementation of Fredkin gate using Kerr effect

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Optoelectronics Letters 2019年第4期15卷 317-320页

作者： Shuvra dey Paromita de Sourangshu Mukhopadhyay department of Physics The University of Burdwan

Quantum gates are the important breakthrough in current computation and high-end data processing. Several quantum logic gates have been implemented in last few decades. In this paper, the idea of all-optical(photonic) Fredkin gate is proposed, which performs the swapping operation by a control signal. Corresponding simulation is also conducted with MATLAB, which shows the same result as the theoretical prediction.

关键词： An all-optical Fredkin gate using Kerr effect

表型药物筛选技术助力基于中药的创新药物发现

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中国中药杂志 2024年第12期49卷 3125-3131页

作者：杨茜茹孙德志沈磐黄从书李永芳高月周维青海大学医学部药学系青海西宁810001 军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所北京100850 天津中医药大学天津301617

我国中草药资源丰富,对复杂疾病具有良好的治疗作用,具有巨大的开发潜力。但其成分复杂,药效物质及其作用机制不明,且缺乏科学的临床安全性和有效性的评价方法,极大地限制了基于中药的创新药物研发。随着人工智能、仿生生物学等前沿学... 详细信息

我国中草药资源丰富,对复杂疾病具有良好的治疗作用,具有巨大的开发潜力。但其成分复杂,药效物质及其作用机制不明,且缺乏科学的临床安全性和有效性的评价方法,极大地限制了基于中药的创新药物研发。随着人工智能、仿生生物学等前沿学科的发展,特别是细胞画像、器官芯片等技术和产品的涌现,有望实现基于模型宏、微观性状或特征变化的中药及其组分功效的高通量鉴别,为中药的研发和应用提供更加精准的指导。因此,作为全新药物发现的主要手段之一,表型药物筛选在基于中药的创新药物研发过程中越来越受到关注。近年来,表型药物筛选技术不断发展更新,显著提升了新药早期发现率及后期研发成功率,逐渐成为全新药物研究的重要工具。该文通过探讨中药创新药物发现的潜力及挑战,结合表型药物筛选在新药发现中的优势,详细阐述了在细胞画像、深度学习和器官芯片等前沿技术的支持下,表型药物筛选技术的应用如何推动传统中医药进入新的发展阶段。

关键词：中药创新药物表型药物筛选高内涵筛选细胞画像器官芯片

基于协同降噪与IGWO-SVR的高填方路基沉降预测

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铁道学报 2024年第3期46卷 87-98页

作者：苏谦张棋张宗宇牛云彬陈德西南交通大学土木工程学院四川成都610031 西南交通大学高速铁路线路工程教育部重点实验室四川成都610031

高填方路基沉降影响山岭重丘区重载铁路运营安全。为克服实测沉降数据掺杂随机噪声、现有预测模型适用性差的不足,提出基于协同降噪算法与IGWO-SVR模型的沉降预测方法。运用互补集合经验模态分解法(CEEMD)与小波包变换法(WPT)对含噪沉... 详细信息

高填方路基沉降影响山岭重丘区重载铁路运营安全。为克服实测沉降数据掺杂随机噪声、现有预测模型适用性差的不足,提出基于协同降噪算法与IGWO-SVR模型的沉降预测方法。运用互补集合经验模态分解法(CEEMD)与小波包变换法(WPT)对含噪沉降数据进行协同降噪处理;提出基于佳点集初始化均布、非线性收敛控制与自身历史最优记忆位置更新的改进灰狼优化(IGWO)算法,并结合支持向量回归模型(SVR),构建IGWO-SVR沉降预测模型。进一步地,利用大准铁路工点及现有文献研究成果,验证IGWO-SVR模型的优越性。结果表明:协同降噪法可有效消除原数据中噪声项的干扰波动;在小样本数据集上,IGWO-SVR模型较传统沉降预测模型与现有文献所述预测模型,具有更高的预测精度与稳定性。研究成果为重载铁路高填方路基沉降预测提供了新途径。

关键词：重载铁路高填方路基沉降预测协同降噪改进灰狼优化支持向量回归