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Long-term physical,mental and social health effects of COVID-19 in the pediatric population:a scoping review

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第3期18卷 149-159页

作者： Madeline Borel Luyu Xie Olivia Kapera Adrian Mihalcea Jeffrey Kahn sarah E.Messiah School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science CenterDallas Campus2777 N Stemmons FwyDallasTX 75207USA Center for Pediatric Population Health University of Texas Health School of Public Health and Children’s Health System of TexasDallasTXUSA School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science CenterAustin CampusAustinTXUSA School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science CenterHouston CampusHoustonTXUSA Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA Children’s Health System of Texas DallasTXUSA

Background The majority of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)symptom presentations in adults and children appear to run their course within a couple of ***,a subgroup of adults has started to emerge with effects lasting several months or more after initial infection,which raises questions about the long-term physical,mental and social health effects of COVID-19 in the pediatric *** purpose of this review was to determine these impacts well into the second year of the *** A search was conducted using PubMed,Web of Science,Science Direct,and Cochrane between 11/1/2019 and 9/1/*** inclusion criteria were as follows:(1)COVID-19 illness and symptoms in children;(2)severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in children;(3)English language;and(4)human studies *** The few studies that have documented long-term physical symptoms in children show that fatigue,difficulty in concentrating(brain fog),sleep disturbances,and sensory problems are the most reported *** studies examining the impact of COVID-19 in pediatric populations have focused on initial clinical presentation,and symptoms,which are similar to those in adult *** addition,COVID-19 has had a moderate impact on children and adolescents’social environment,which may exacerbate current and future physiological,psychological,behavioral,and academic *** There are limited studies reporting long physical symptoms of COVID-19 in the pediatric ***,pediatric COVID-19 cases are underreported due to low rates of testing and symptomatic infection,which calls for more longitudinal *** who have experienced COVID-19 illness should be monitored for long physiological,psychological,behavioral,and academic outcomes.

关键词： Adolescents Children Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Long-COVID symptoms

Liver Fibrosis Helps to Distinguish Autoimmune Hepatitis from DILI with Autoimmune Features: A Review of Twenty Cases

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2019年第1期7卷 21-26页

作者： Christopher A.Febres-Aldana sarah Alghamdi Kritika Krishnamurthy Robert J.Poppiti Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Mount Sinai Medical CenterMiami BeachFLUSA Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International UniversityMiamiFLUSA

Background and Aims:Drug-induced liver injury with autoimmune features(AI-DILI)mimics the clinical presentation,and laboratory and pathologic features of idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).We aimed to identify histopathologic hallmarks to differentiate these ***:All liver biopsies archived for the past 10 years were reviewed retrospectively to identify cases of recently detected liver injury associated with predominantly lymphoplasmacytic interphase hepatitis,positive markers for liver autoimmunity,and negative tests for viral *** cases were divided into AIH(n=12)or AI-DILI(n=8)*** qualitative evaluation of necroinflammatory changes and liver fibrosis were performed according to the Scheuer scoring *** densities were determined using ImageJ(V1.51t,national Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD,USA).Fibrosis was assessed on Masson trichrome-stained slides,and collagen deposition was estimated following a protocol of color ***:necroinflammatory changes as well as densities(portal and lobular)of neutrophils and eosinophils,intracellular cholestasis,and regenerative changes did not differ between the two groups(P≥0.05).neutrophil densities but not eosinophils showed a positive correlation with the severity of hepatocellular damage(r=0.6and 0.58,*** aminotransferase,Pn macrophages but not histiocytic aggregates appeared to be more common in AI-DILI(Pnts presented more often with evidence of chronic damage,including higher scores of fibrosis and collagen deposition,in comparison to AI-DILI(Pnclusions:Although there is no histologic feature pathognomonic for AI-DILI or AIH,advanced stages of liver fibrosis can be used to support the diagnosis of AIH in some *** diagnosis of AI-DILI requires follow-up and demonstration of complete remission after drug withdrawal with no need for immunosuppression.

关键词： DILI Autoimmune hepatitis Liver fibrosis Digital pathology

Comparing Design Void Content with Actual Void Content of Laboratory Prepared Pervious Concrete

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2018年第7期9卷 596-613页

作者： Anthony Torres Cristián Gaedicke Jiong Hu Rupesh Bejugam sarah McMasters Texas State University San Marcos TX USA California State University Hayward CA USA The Peter Kiewit Institute University of Nebraska-Lincoln Omaha NE USA

The goal of this study was to compare the predicted void content with the actual void content of pervious concrete cylinders. All pervious concrete systems are designed with a void content in mind to facilitate a specific permeability;however, due to variable placing techniques and inherent issues with the material, the actual in place void content often varies from designed. This study quantifies this difference and attempts to develop a correction factor, such that design values are more approximate to in place pervious concrete systems. The analysis included multiple mixtures with three design void contents (15%, 25%, 35%), two aggregate types (angular and rounded), and three different water-to-cement ratios (0.33, 0.37, 0.41). These samples were methodically designed to contain a desired void ratio, then casted in the laboratory, in which the compaction of each sample was controlled for consistency. Following casting, the in-place void content was determined using ASTM C1754 and compared to the predicted. The difference was then averaged to create a correction factor requiring more or less cement paste, which was used to redesign the mixtures. The new mixtures were then compared to the predicted void content. The results of this study show that initial designs can vary from 3% - 15% on average from initial designed void content and that a correction factor can be used to obtain within 3% on average of the target void ratios.

关键词： Pervious Concrete Void Content Permeability Compaction

The presence and partitioning behavior of flame retardants in waste,leachate,and air particles from norwegian waste-handling facilities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第12期29卷 115-132页

作者： nicolas A.O.Morin Patrik L.Andersson sarah E.Hale Hans Peter H.Arp norwegian Geotechnical Institute(nGI) P.O.Box 3930Ulleval StadionN-0806 OsloNorway Environmental and Food Laboratory of Vendee(LEA V) Department of ChemistryRond-point Georges Dural CS 8080285021 La Roche-sur-YonFrance Chemistry Department Umed UniversitySE-901 87 UmeaSweden

Flame retardants in commercial products eventually make their way into the waste *** the presence of flame retardants in norwegian landfills, incineration facilities and recycling sorting/defragmenting facilities is investigated. These facilities handled waste electrical and electronic equipment（WEEE）, vehicles, digestate, glass, combustibles, bottom ash and fly ash. The flame retardants considered included polybrominated diphenyl ethers（∑BDE-10） as well as dechlorane plus, polybrominated biphenyls, hexabromobenzene,pentabromotoluene and pentabromoethylbenzene（collectively referred to as ∑FR-7）. Plastic,WEEE and vehicles contained the largest amount of flame retardants（∑BDE-10： 45,000–210,000 μg/kg; ∑FR-7： 300–13,000 μg/kg）. It was hypothesized leachate and air concentrations from facilities that sort/defragment WEEE and vehicles would be the highest. This was supported for total air phase concentrations（∑BDE-10： 9000–195,000 pg/m^3 WEEE/vehicle facilities, 80–900 pg/m^3 in incineration/sorting and landfill sites）, but not for water leachate concentrations（e.g., ∑BDE-10： 15–3500 ng/L in WEEE/Vehicle facilities and 1–250 ng/L in landfill sites）. Landfill leachate exhibited similar concentrations as WEEE/vehicle sorting and defragmenting facility leachate. To better account for concentrations in leachates at the different facilities, waste-water partitioning coefficients, Kwastewere measured（for the first time to our knowledge for flame retardants）. WEEE and plastic waste had elevated Kwastecompared to other wastes, likely because flame retardants are directly added to these materials. The results of this study have implications for the development of strategies to reduce exposure and environmental emissions of flame retardants in waste and recycled products through improved waste management practices.

关键词： Brominated flame retardants Waste management Environmental emissions Atmospheric emissions Partitioning Leachate

Effect of Soursop Puree and Gum Arabic on the Sensory Properties of non-Dairy Coconut Milk-Based Ice Cream

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2023年第7期14卷 670-686页

作者： sarah n. Mulwa Symon M. Mahungu Benard K. Muinde Department of Dairy Food Science and Technology Egerton University Njoro Kenya

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) milk-based ice cream is one of the innovative non-dairy milk products gaining popularity among consumers. The objective was to develop coconut milk-based ice cream incorporated with soursop (Annona muricata) fruit puree and gum Arabic from Acacia senegal var. kerensis, conduct a sensory evaluation using descriptive tests by trained panelists (n = 9) then evaluate for consumer acceptability by semi trained panelists (n = 30). A seven-point hedonic scale for colour, taste, flavour, texture and overall acceptability was used. The data obtained was subjected to analysis of variance (AnOVA) and the means were separated to determine their significance differences. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was done for factor reduction to make it easy for the multi-dimensional descriptive data to be interpreted. PCA results indicated that unit increase in soursop and gum Arabic in the ice cream led to 83.1% increase in starchy taste, 78.3% increase in consistency and 73.6% decrease in coconut aroma. For consumer acceptability test, the obtained results showed that, soursop puree addition at successive levels led to a statistically significant effect (p n colour, flavour, texture, taste and overall acceptability while of gum Arabic incorporation was not significant (p > 0.05) for all attributes. The effect due to interaction between gum Arabic and soursop puree at the different levels however was significant for colour, flavour and texture but not significant for taste and overall acceptability. Our results therefore point to a potential application of soursop fruit and gum Arabic as alternative ingredients in the manufacture of a non-dairy ice cream with desirable sensory properties that would expand the variety of options consumers can choose from.

关键词： Consumer Acceptability Ice Cream non-Dairy Sensory Properties Soursop Puree

Effects of COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine period on physical activity and dietary habits of college-aged students

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2021年第4期3卷 228-235页

作者： Corby Sidebottom sarah Ullevig Kelly Cheever Tianou Zhang Laboratory of Exercise and Sports nutrition Department of KinesiologyCollege for HealthCommunityand PolicyThe University of Texas at San AntonioTX78249USA Laboratory of Community Health and nutrition College for HealthCommunityand PolicyThe University of Texas at San AntonioTX78249USA Applied Biomechanics Research Laboratory Department of KinesiologyCollege for HealthCommunityand PolicyThe University of Texas at San AntonioTX78249USA

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic led to sudden extreme changes in lifestyle,potentially causing adverse changes in physical activity,sedentary behavior,and dietary *** objective of the study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19 quarantine on physical activity,dietary habits,and food insecurity among college students who were impacted by the quarantine periods and campus *** findings of the study will provide preliminary evidence on dietary,physical activity,and sedentary behavior changes induced by the pandemic among college ***(n=403)completed a cross-sectional self-report online questionnaire,evaluating the physical activity,sedentary behavior,and dietary behaviors before-and during-COVID-19 campus closures(March–May 2020).Sociodemographic and descriptive information was also obtained from each *** signed-rank test was used to assess changes in physical activity,sedentary behavior,and dietary ***'s test was used to compare food insecurity *** were presented as median and interquartile range.A total of 291 participants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study(college-aged,18–24 years).Physical activity decreased at vigorous(2 days/week to 1 day/week,pnd light(4 days/week to 2 days/week,pntensity levels,while sedentary behavior increased(4 h/day to 7 h/day,png-COVID-19 quarantine *** of meals at home and alcohol consumption increased(Z=-3.911 and Z=-4.022,pncy of fruit consumption decreased(Z=-2.116,png-COVID-19 quarantine *** alcohol intake also increased during COVID-19 quarantine period(Z=-4.442,pntage of individuals reporting food insecurity significantly increased during COVID-19 quarantine(pnts in quarantine significantly decreased physical activity partici

关键词： COVID-19 Physical activity Dietary behavior Food insecurity College students

Virology at the Lorne Infection and Immunity Conference 2019

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Virologica Sinica 2019年第4期34卷 474-474页

作者： sarah L.Londrigan Gregor Ebert Prasad n.Paradkar Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Infection and Immunity Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVICAustralia CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Australian Animal Health LaboratoryGeelongVIC 3220Australia

The Lome Infection and Immunity Conference is one of five scientific meetings held during each month of February at the Cumberland resort in the picturesque seaside town of Lome,on the Great Ocean Road in Victoria(Australia).The specific aim of the meeting is to bring together basic,clinical and translational researchers-those who examine microbes and their impact on the innate or adaptive immune response,researchers who study the mechanisms that regulate immune responses,and those who apply this knowledge to preventing and treating infectious and in”ammatory *** average number of attendees is 220,with registrants appreciative of the welcoming and relaxed atmosphere(Fig.1).

关键词： Virology Lome Infection Immunity Conference

Lipid droplets as metabolic determinants for stemness and chemoresistance in cancer

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第9期13卷 1307-1317页

作者： Alba Royo-Garcia sarah Courtois Beatriz Parejo-Alonso Pilar Espiau-Romera Patricia Sancho Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet IIS AragónZaragoza 50009Spain

Previously regarded as simple fat storage particles,new evidence suggests thatlipid droplets(LDs)are dynamic and functional organelles involved in keycellular processes such as membrane biosynthesis,lipid metabolism,cellsignalling and ***,an increased LD content is one of the mostapparent features resulting from lipid metabolism reprogramming necessary tosupport the basic functions of cancer *** have been associated to differentcellular processes involved in cancer progression and aggressiveness,such astumorigenicity,invasion and metastasis,as well as ***,all of these processes are controlled by a subpopulation of highly aggressivetumoral cells named cancer stem cells(CSCs),suggesting that LDs may befundamental elements for stemness in *** the key role of CSCs onchemoresistance and disease relapse,main factors of therapy failure,the design ofnovel therapeutic approaches targeting these cells may be the only chance forlong-term survival in cancer *** this sense,their biology and functionalproperties render LDs excellent candidates for target discovery and design ofcombined therapeutic *** this review,we summarise the currentknowledge identifying LDs and CSCs as main contributors to cancer aggressiveness,metastasis and chemoresistance.

关键词： Lipids Lipid droplets Lipid metabolism Stemness Cancer stem cells Chemoresistance

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神经损伤与功能重建 2024年第8期19卷 F0003-F0003页

作者： Adina n MacMahon Copas sarah F McComish Andreea Petrasca Rachel McCormack Daniel Ivers Anna Stricker Jean M Fletcher Maeve A Caldwell 唐颖馨 Discipline of Physiology School of MedicineTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland Trinity College Institute for neuroscience Trinity CollegeDublinIreland School of Biochemistry and Immunology Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland School of Medicine Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland 不详

星形胶质细胞是维持稳态的介质,但在帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)中参与神经炎症。越来越多的证据表明外周免疫细胞参与了PD的发病机制。因此,本研究旨在确定外周免疫细胞分泌的细胞因子在调节中脑星形胶质细胞反应性中的潜在作... 详细信息

星形胶质细胞是维持稳态的介质,但在帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)中参与神经炎症。越来越多的证据表明外周免疫细胞参与了PD的发病机制。因此,本研究旨在确定外周免疫细胞分泌的细胞因子在调节中脑星形胶质细胞反应性中的潜在作用。人类诱导性多能干细胞(iPSC)衍生的中脑星形胶质细胞暴露于5%和10%的CD4^(+)T细胞条件培养基(CD4CM)24小时、72小时和7天,以评估长期暴露的影响。此外,星形胶质细胞还暴露于Th17细胞细胞因子IL-17A(10 ng/mL),单独或与TnF-α(0.3 ng/mL)结合,在24小时、72小时和7天评估2种细胞因子可能的协同效应。CD4CM在中脑星形胶质细胞中引起了急性及长期的变化。观察到了nFκB向细胞核的转移增加,以及在24小时时促炎基因IL-1β和CXCL10的表达增加;在24小时和48小时时C3、LCn2和IL-6的表达增加;同时在这些时间点促炎细胞因子IL-6和CXCL10的释放也有所增加。IL-17A和TnF-α的组合对增加促炎基因表达和细胞因子释放产生了协同效应。IL-17A和TnF-α在24小时时增加了S100β的强度,在72小时时减少了细胞核面积并增加了星形胶质细胞的圆度。在72小时时观察到了γH2AX强度的协同效应,并且在7天时观察到了乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放的增加。我们的结果表明,IL-17A和TnF-α协同作用,增强了中脑星形胶质细胞的反应性,其程度类似于CD4CM。这突出了外周免疫细胞分泌的细胞因子在增强中脑星形胶质细胞反应状态方面的重要性,并提示了它们在PD发病机制中的可能作用。

关键词：帕金森病星形胶质细胞细胞因子诱导性多能干细胞神经炎症反应性星形胶质细胞