The presence and partitioning behavior of flame retardants in waste,leachate,and air particles from Norwegian waste-handling facilities

作     者：Nicolas A.O.Morin Patrik L.Andersson Sarah E.Hale Hans Peter H.Arp 

作者机构：Norwegian Geotechnical Institute(NGI)P.O.Box 3930Ulleval StadionN-0806 OsloNorway Environmental and Food Laboratory of Vendee(LEA V)Department of ChemistryRond-point Georges Dural CS 8080285021 La Roche-sur-YonFrance Chemistry DepartmentUmed UniversitySE-901 87 UmeaSweden 

出 版 物：《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 (环境科学学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2017年第29卷第12期

页      面：115-132页

核心收录：

学科分类：083002[工学-环境工程] 0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 08[工学] 

基　　金：Funding was provided by the Research Council of Norway(WASTEFFECT,Grant 221440/E40 additional support from FANTOM,Grant 231736/F20) Funding from European Union's Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 734522(INTERWASTE)is also acknowledged 

主　　题：Brominated flame retardants Waste management Environmental emissions Atmospheric emissions Partitioning Leachate 

摘      要：Flame retardants in commercial products eventually make their way into the waste *** the presence of flame retardants in Norwegian landfills, incineration facilities and recycling sorting/defragmenting facilities is investigated. These facilities handled waste electrical and electronic equipment（WEEE）, vehicles, digestate, glass, combustibles, bottom ash and fly ash. The flame retardants considered included polybrominated diphenyl ethers（∑BDE-10） as well as dechlorane plus, polybrominated biphenyls, hexabromobenzene,pentabromotoluene and pentabromoethylbenzene（collectively referred to as ∑FR-7）. Plastic,WEEE and vehicles contained the largest amount of flame retardants（∑BDE-10： 45,000–210,000 μg/kg; ∑FR-7： 300–13,000 μg/kg）. It was hypothesized leachate and air concentrations from facilities that sort/defragment WEEE and vehicles would be the highest. This was supported for total air phase concentrations（∑BDE-10： 9000–195,000 pg/m^3 WEEE/vehicle facilities, 80–900 pg/m^3 in incineration/sorting and landfill sites）, but not for water leachate concentrations（e.g., ∑BDE-10： 15–3500 ng/L in WEEE/Vehicle facilities and 1–250 ng/L in landfill sites）. Landfill leachate exhibited similar concentrations as WEEE/vehicle sorting and defragmenting facility leachate. To better account for concentrations in leachates at the different facilities, waste-water partitioning coefficients, Kwastewere measured（for the first time to our knowledge for flame retardants）. WEEE and plastic waste had elevated Kwastecompared to other wastes, likely because flame retardants are directly added to these materials. The results of this study have implications for the development of strategies to reduce exposure and environmental emissions of flame retardants in waste and recycled products through improved waste management practices.