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An overview of the phylogeny and diversity of eukaryotes

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植物分类学报 2008年第3期46卷 263-273页

作者： sandra L. BALDAUF Department of Evolution Genomics and Systematics Evolutionary Biology Centre University of Uppsala Norbyvaigen 18 D Uppsala 75236 Sweden

Our understanding of eukaryote biology is dominated by the study of land plants, animals and fungi. However, these are only three isolated fragments of the full diversity of extant eukaryotes. The majority of eu-karyotes, in terms of major taxa and probably also sheer numbers of cells, consists of exclusively or predomi-nantly unicellular lineages. A surprising number of these lineages are poorly characterized. Nonetheless, they are fundamental to our understanding of eukaryote biology and the underlying forces that shaped it. This article consists of an overview of the current state of our understanding of the eukaryote tree. This includes the identity of the major groups of eukaryotes, some of their important, defining or simply interesting features and the pro-posed relationships of these groups to each other.

关键词：真核生物多样性系统演化真菌

Spatiotemporal patterns of burned areas,fire drivers,and fire probability across the equatorial Andes

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第4期18卷 952-972页

作者： Xavier ZAPATA-RiOS Carmen LOPEZ-FABARA Abigail NAVARRETE sandra TORRES-PAGUAY Miguel FLORES Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Escuela Politecnica NacionalLadron de Guevara E11-253P.O.Box 17-01-2759QuitoEcuador Center for Research and Water Resources Studies(CIERHI) Escuela Politecnica NacionalLadron de Guevara E11-253P.O.Box 17-01-2759QuitoEcuador Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Universidad Central del EcuadorAv.UniversitariaP.O.Box 17-03-100QuitoEcuador Modeling Optimization and Inferential Statistics Group(MODES)Department of MathematicsEscuela Politecnica NacionalLadron de Guevara Ell-253P.O.Box 17-01-2759QuitoEcuador

Field-based fire studies in the equatorial Andes indicate that fires are strongly associated with biophysical and anthropogenic ***,fire controls and fire regimes at the regional scale remain ***,this paper describes spatial and temporal burned-area patterns,identifies biophysical and anthropogenic fire drivers,and quantifies fire probability across 6°of latitude and 3°of longitude in the equatorial *** spatial and temporal burned-area analysis was carried out based on 18 years(2001-2018)of the MCD64 A1 MODIS burned-area ***,topography,vegetation,and anthropogenic variables were integrated in a logistic regression model to identify the significance of explanatory variables and determine fire occurrence probability.A total of 5779 fire events were registered during the 18 years of this study,located primarily along the western cordillera of the Andes and spreading from North to ***-eight percent of these fires took place within two fire hotspots located in the northwestern and southwestern corners of the study ***-nine percent occurred during the second part of the year,between June and *** largest density of fires was primarily located on herbaceous vegetation and *** show that mean monthly temperature,precipitation and NDVI during the prefire season,the location of land cover classes such as forest and agriculture,distance to roads and urban areas,slope,and aspect were the most important determinants of spatial and temporal fire *** logistic regression model achieved a good accuracy in predicting fire probability(80%).Probability was higher in the southwestern and northern corners of the study area,and lower towards the north in the western and eastern piedmonts of the *** analysis contributes to the understanding of fires in mountains within the *** results here presented have the potential to contribute to fire management and control in the regi

关键词： MODIS MCD64A1 Spectral vegetation indices Pre-fire season NDVI and precipitation Remote sensing

Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase CPK21 Functions in Abiotic Stress Response in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2011年第1期4卷 83-96页

作者： sandra Franz Britta Ehlert Anja Liese Joachim Kurth Anne-Claire Cazale Tina Romeis Department of Plant Biochemistry Institute for Biology Freie Universitat Berlin Koenigin-Luise-Str. 12-16 14195 Berlin Germany Department of Plant Microbe Interactions Max-Planck-lnstil:ute for Plant Breeding Research Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10 50935 Cologne Germany Present address: Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM) UMR CNRS-INRA 25941441 31320 Castanet-Tolosan France

Calcium-dependent protein kinases （CDPKs） comprise a family of plant serine/threonine protein kinases in which the calcium sensing domain and the kinase effector domain are combined within one molecule. So far, a biological function in abiotic stress signaling has only been reported for few CDPK isoforms, whereas the underlying biochemical mechanism for these CDPKs is still mainly unknown. Here, we show that CPK21 from Arabidopsis thaliana is biochemically activated in vivo in response to hyperosmotic stress. Loss-of-function seedlings of cpk21 are more tolerant to hyperosmotic stress and mutant plants show increased stress responses with respect to marker gene expression and metabolite accumulation. In transgenic Arabidopsis complementation lines in the cpk21 mutant background, in which either CPK21 wildtype, or a full-length enzyme variant carrying an amino-acid substitution were stably expressed, stress responsitivity was restored by CPK21 but not with the kinase inactive variant. The biochemical characterization of in planta synthesized and purified CPK21 protein revealed that within the calcium-binding domain, N-terminal EF1- and EF2-motifs compared to C-terminal EF3- and EF4-motifs differ in their contribution to calcium-regulated kinase activity, suggesting a crucial role for the N-terminal EF-hand pair. Our data provide evidence for CPK21 contributing in abiotic stress signaling and suggest that the N-terminal EF-hand pair is a calcium-sensing determinant controlling specificity of CPK21 function.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress calcium signaling/transport Arabidopsis CDPK EF-hand.

Experimental reconstructions of 3D atomic structures from electron microscopy images using a Bayesian genetic algorithm

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2076-2083页

作者： Annick De Backer sandra Van Aert Christel Faes Ece Arslan Irmak Peter DNellist Lewys Jones EMAT University of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpBelgium NANOlab Center of Excellence University of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpBelgium I-BioStat Data Science InstituteHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium Department of Materials University of OxfordParks RoadOX13PHOxfordUK Advanced Microscopy Laboratory Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices(CRANN)Dublin 2Ireland School of Physics Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland

We introduce a Bayesian genetic algorithm for reconstructing atomic models of monotype crystalline nanoparticles from a single projection using Z-contrast *** number of atoms in a projected atomic column obtained from annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy images serves as an input for the initial three-dimensional *** algorithm minimizes the energy of the structure while utilizing a priori information about the finite precision of the atom-counting results and neighbor-mass *** results show promising prospects for obtaining reliable reconstructions of beam-sensitive nanoparticles during dynamical processes from images acquired with sufficiently low incident electron doses.

关键词： algorithm atomic utilizing

White esophageal lesions in a patient with scleroderma:epidermoid metaplasia

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第2期8卷 161-163,I0003页

作者： Matthew Woo Emma Whitcomb Dorothy Li sandra Lee Michael Curley Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Alberta Laboratory Services Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada

Case presentation We report the case of a 67-year-old female with a 24-year smoking history who initially underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)in 2012 for gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),which demonstrated short-segment Barrett’s esophagus without *** EGD 6 years later showed severe reflux esophagitis(LA grade D).She was subsequently diagnosed with limited systemic sclerosis(CREST syndrome)on the basis of Raynaud’s disease,sclerodactyly,telangiectasias,seropositivity(anti-CENP-A,anti-CENP-B),and pulmonary ***-resolution esophageal manometry showed esophageal body aperistalsis with a hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter(LES)(Figure 1).

关键词： esophageal Barrett esophagus

Amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein crosstalk in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第8期17卷 1666-1674页

作者： Alejandro R.Roda Gabriel Serra-Mir Laia Montoliu-Gaya Lidia Tiessler sandra Villegas Protein Design and Immunotherapy Group Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia MolecularFacultat de BiociènciesUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraBarcelonaSpain Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgSweden

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that accounts for most of the 50-million dementia cases worldwide in 2018.A large amount of evidence supports the amyloid cascade hypothesis,which states that amyloid-beta accumulation triggers tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation in form of neurofibrillary tangles,and these aggregates lead to inflammation,synaptic impairment,neuronal loss,and thus to cognitive decline and behavioral *** poor correlation found between cognitive decline and amyloid plaques,have led the scientific community to question whether amyloid-beta accumulation is actually triggering neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s *** occurrence of tau neurofibrillary tangles better correlates to neuronal loss and clinical symptoms and,although amyloid-beta may initiate the cascade of events,tau impairment is likely the effector molecule of ***,it has been shown that amyloid-beta and tau cooperatively work to impair transcription of genes involved in synaptic function and,more importantly,that downregulation of tau partially reverses transcriptional *** mounting evidence points to an interplay between amyloid-beta and tau,some factors could independently affect both ***,the dual pathway hypothesis,which states that there are common upstream triggers causing both amyloid-beta and tau abnormalities has been *** others,the immune system seems to be strongly involved in amyloid-beta and tau *** factors,as the apolipoprotein Eε4 isoform has been suggested to act as a link between amyloid-beta and tau ***,amyloid-beta-immunotherapy reduces not only amyloid-beta but also tau levels in animal models and in clinical ***,it has been shown that tau-immunotherapy also reduces amyloid-beta ***,even though amyloid-beta immunotherapy is more advanced than tau-immunotherapy,combined amyloid-beta and tau-directed therapie

关键词： aggregation Alzheimer amyloid-beta dementia immunotherapy inflammation neurodegeneration tau

MYC inhibitors in multiple myeloma

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2021年第4期4卷 842-865页

作者： sandra Martínez-Martín Laura Soucek Preclinical&Translational Research Program Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology(VHIO)Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital CampusBarcelona 08035Spain Peptomyc S.L. Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital CampusBarcelona 08035Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra 08193Spain InstitucióCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats(ICREA) Barcelona 08010Spain

The importance of MYC function in cancer was discovered in the late 1970s when the sequence of the avian retrovirus that causes myelocytic leukemia was *** then,over 40 years of unceasing research have highlighted the significance of this protein in malignant transformation,especially in hematologic ***,some of the earliest connections among the higher expression of proto-oncogenes(such as MYC),genetic rearrangements and their relation to cancer development were made in Burkitt lymphoma,chronic myeloid leukemia and mouse *** myeloma(MM),in particular,is a plasma cell malignancy strictly associated with MYC deregulation,suggesting that therapeutic strategies against it would be beneficial in treating this ***,targeting MYC was-and,somehow,still is-challenging due to its unique properties:lack of defined three-dimensional structure,nuclear localization and absence of a targetable enzymatic *** these difficulties,however,many studies have shown the potential therapeutic impact of direct or indirect MYC *** molecules have been tested,in fact,in the context of *** this review,we summarize the current status of the different compounds,including the results of their clinical testing,and propose to continue with the efforts to identify,repurpose,redesign or improve drug candidates to combine them with standard of care therapies to overcome resistance and enable better management of myeloma treatment.

关键词： MYC inhibition multiple myeloma undruggable target targeted therapies transcription factor epigenetics MYC downregulation

Advances in diagnosis of chronic liver diseases in pediatric patients

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第6期14卷 541-547页

作者： Lucija Ruzman Ivana Mikolasevic Kristina Baraba Dekanic sandra Milic Goran Palcevski Pediatric Clinic UHC RijekaIstarska 4351000 RijekaCroatia Department of Gastroenterology UHC RijekaRijekaCroatia Pediatric Clinic Department of GastroenterologyUHC RijekaRijekaCroatia

Background Chronic liver diseases (CLD) present important clinical problem in children with various age-dependent causes. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with its increasing prevalence is a major problem with regard to its timely recog-nition and the need for long-term disease monitoring. At present, a perfect non-invasive method for the evaluation of liver fibrosis is not available. Methods A non-systematic literature search was performed to summarize the current knowledge about transient elastog-raphy (TE) with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) in children with CLD. Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Google scholar, and The Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant articles evaluating TE in the pediatric population. Results Normal values of liver stiffness measurements (LSM) according to the age are given, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the method. The utility of TE in specific liver disease in pediatric population is summarized. Conclusions TE with CAP is a valuable non-invasive method for the liver-damage assessment. Clinical interpretation of TE results should be made in parallel with the assessment of the patient's demographics, disease etiology, and essential laboratory parameters.

关键词： Child Liver disease Liver stiffness Pediatric Transient elastography