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An Analysis of Social Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in Nepal Using a Modified Social Vulnerability Index

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第1期10卷 103-116页

作者： Sanam K.Aksha Luke Juran Lynn M.Resler Yang Zhang Department of Geography Virginia Tech Virginia Water Resources Research Center Virginia Tech Urban Affairs and Planning Virginia Tech

Social vulnerability influences the ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. The identification of vulnerable populations and factors that contribute to their vulnerability are crucial for effective disaster risk reduction. Nepal exhibits multihazard risk and has experienced socioeconomic and political upheaval in recent decades, further increasing susceptibility to hazards.However, we still know little regarding social vulnerability in Nepal. Here, we investigate social vulnerability in Nepal by adapting Social Vulnerability Index(SoVI) methods to the Nepali context. Variables such as caste, and populations who cannot speak/understand Nepali were added to reflect the essence of the Nepali context. Using principal component analysis, 39 variables were reduced to seven factors that explained 63.02% of variance in the data.Factor scores were summarized to calculate final SoVI scores. The highest levels of social vulnerability are concentrated in the central and western Mountain, western Hill, and central and eastern Tarai regions of Nepal, while the least vulnerable areas are in the central and eastern Hill regions. These findings, supplemented with smaller-scale analyses, have the potential to assist village officers, policymakers,and emergency managers in the development of more effective and geographically targeted disaster management programs.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Natural hazards Nepal Principal component analysis Social Vulnerability Index

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The translational importance of establishing biomarkers of human spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第3期12卷 385-388页

作者： sanam Salimi Elizei Brian k.kwon International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries(ICORD) University of British ColumbiaBCCanada Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of British ColumbiaBCCanada

The evaluation of such novel therapies for acute spinal cord injury in clinical trials is extremely challenging.Our current dependence upon the clinical assessment of neurologic impairment renders many acute SCI patients ineligible for trials because they are not examinable.Furthermore,the difficulty in predicting neurologic recovery based on the early clinical assessment forces investigators to recruit large cohorts to have sufficient power.Biomarkers that objectively classify injury severity and better predict neurologic outcome would be valuable tools for translational research.As such,the objective of the present review was to describe some of the translational challenges in acute spinal cord injury research and examine the potential utility of neurochemical biomarkers found within cerebrospinal fluid and blood.We focus on published efforts to establish biological markers for accurately classifying injury severity and precisely predict neurological outcome.

关键词： spinal cord injury, biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid, injury severity neurological recovery

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Carbonized waste milk powders as cathodes for stable lithium-sulfur batteries with ultra-large capacity and high initial coulombic efficiency

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Green Energy & Environment 2022年第5期7卷 1071-1083页

作者： Rabia khatoon sanam Attique Rumin Liu Sajid Rauf Nasir Ali Luhong Zhang Yu-Jia Zeng Yichuan Guo Yusuf Valentino kaneti Jongbeom Na Haichao Tang Hongwen Chen Yang Tian Jianguo Lu State key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Institute for Composites Science Innovation School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Faculty of Physics and Electronic ScienceHubei UniversityWuhanHubei430062China State key Laboratory for Silicon Materials Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and DevicesDepartment of PhysicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics(WPI-MANA) National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS)1-1NamikiIbaraki305-0044Japan School of Chemical Engineering&Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology(AIBN) The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia

To explore the natural resources as sustainable precursors offers a family of green materials.The use of bio-waste precursors especially the remaining from food processing is a scalable,highly abundant,and cost-effective strategy.Exploring waste materials is highly important especially for new materials discovery in emerging energy storage technologies such as lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs).Herein,waste milk powder is carbonized and constructed as the sulfur host with the hollow micro-/mesoporous framework,and the resulting carbonized milk powder and sulfur(CMP/S) composites are employed as cathodes for LSBs.It is revealed that the hollow micro-/mesoporous CMP/S framework can not only accommodate the volume expansion but also endow smooth pathways for the fast diffusion of electrons and Li-ions,leading to both high capacity and long cycling stability.The CMP/S composite electrode with 56 wt% loaded sulfur exhibits a remarkable initial capacity of 1596 mAh g^(-1) at 0.1 C,corresponding to 95% of the theoretical capacity.Even at a rate of 1 C,it maintains a high capacity of 730 mAh g^(-1) with a capacity retention of 72.6% after 500 cycles,demonstrating a very low capacity fading of only 0.05% per cycle.Importantly,the Coulombic efficiency is always higher than 96%during all the cycles.The only used source material is expired waste milk powders in our proposal.We believe that this "trash to treasure" approach will open up a new way for the utilization of waste material as environmentally safe and high performance electrodes for advanced LSBs.

关键词： composites powders initial

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Diagnostic accuracy of thoracic imaging modalities for the detection of COVID-19

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World Journal of Radiology 2022年第2期14卷 47-49页

作者： Haben Dawit Marissa Absi Nayaar Islam sanam Ebrahimzadeh Matthew D F McInnes Clinical Epidemiology Program Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawa K1E4M9ONCanada Department of Radiology The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology ProgramOttawa K1H8L6ONCanada

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic continues to present diagnostic challenges.The use of thoracic radiography has been studied as a method to improve the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19.The‘Living’Cochrane Systematic Review on the diagnostic accuracy of imaging tests for COVID-19 is continuously updated as new information becomes available for study.In the most recent version,published in March 2021,a meta-analysis was done to determine the pooled sensitivity and specificity of chest X-ray(CXR)and lung ultrasound(LUS)for the diagnosis of COVID-19.CXR gave a sensitivity of 80.6%(95%CI:69.1-88.6)and a specificity of 71.5%(95%CI:59.8-80.8).LUS gave a sensitivity rate of 86.4%(95%CI:72.7-93.9)and specificity of 54.6%(95%CI:35.3-72.6).These results differed from the findings reported in the recent article in this journal where they cited the previous versions of the study in which a metaanalysis for CXR and LUS could not be performed.Additionally,the article states that COVID-19 could not be distinguished,using chest computed tomography(CT),from other respiratory diseases.However,the latest review version identifies chest CT as having a specificity of 80.0%(95%CI:74.9-84.3),which is much higher than the previous version which indicated a specificity of 61.1%(95%CI:42.3-77.1).Therefore,CXR,chest CT and LUS have the potential to be used in conjunction with other methods in the diagnosis of COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 Chest x-ray Computed tomography Lung ultrasound Specificity and sensitivity Diagnostic accuracy

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An AAS Dependent Method for Quantitative Analysis of Essential Trace Elements from Blood Samples of Pakistani Female Breast Cancer Patients

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Advances in Breast Cancer Research 2021年第3期10卷 44-59页

作者： Ghulam Qadir Chanihoon Ahsanullah Unar Ayaz Ali Memon Tassadaq Hussain Jafar Huma I. Shaikh Ayesha Sani Raj kumar sanam Erum Soomro Muqaddas Qureshi National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Government Postgraduate College Mandian Abbottabad Pakistan

Breast cancer is the second leading cancer in the world. The long-term exposure of some metallic compounds induces different forms of cancer, including breast cancer. Trace elements are essential metals for the physiological functions of the cell on a molecular level and also contribute in treatment of many diseases. The aim of study was to compare the level of essential trace elements, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc in breast cancer patients with normal healthy adult women. Total forty-five patients (age range from 25 - 73 years) were included in this study and divided into three groups according to three different stages of breast cancer including tumor-II, tumor-III and tumor-IV. Blood was collected from all participants after taking history, clinical data and taking consent. However, about fifteen non-cancer healthy women in age range from 26 - 69 years were subjected to this study. The elemental concentrations were determined through atomic absorption spectrophotometer

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