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Intrumer:A Multi Module Distributed Explainable IDs/IPs for securing Cloud Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 579-607页

作者： Nazreen Banu A s.k.B.sangeetha Department of Computer science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyVadapalani CampusChennai600026Tamil NaduIndia

The increasing use of cloud-based devices has reached the critical point of cybersecurity and unwanted network *** environments pose significant challenges in maintaining privacy and *** approaches,such as IDs,have been developed to tackle these ***,most conventional Intrusion Detection system(IDs)models struggle with unseen cyberattacks and complex high-dimensional *** fact,this paper introduces the idea of a novel distributed explainable and heterogeneous transformer-based intrusion detection system,named INTRUMER,which offers balanced accuracy,reliability,and security in cloud settings bymultiplemodulesworking together within *** traffic captured from cloud devices is first passed to the TC&TM module in which the Falcon Optimization Algorithm optimizes the feature selection process,and Naie Bayes algorithm performs the classification of *** selected features are classified further and are forwarded to the Heterogeneous Attention Transformer(HAT)*** this module,the contextual interactions of the network traffic are taken into account to classify them as normal or malicious *** classified results are further analyzed by the Explainable Prevention Module(XPM)to ensure trustworthiness by providing interpretable *** the explanations fromthe classifier,emergency alarms are transmitted to nearby IDsmodules,servers,and underlying cloud devices for the enhancement of preventive *** experiments on benchmark IDs datasets CICIDs 2017,Honeypots,and NsL-kDD were conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the INTRUMER model in detecting network trafficwith high accuracy for different *** outperforms state-of-the-art approaches,obtaining better performance metrics:98.7%accuracy,97.5%precision,96.3%recall,and 97.8%*** results validate the robustness and effectiveness of INTRUMER in securing diverse cloud environments against sophisticated cyber threats.

关键词： Cloud computing intrusion detection system transformers and explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)

Nucleoside modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticles as a new delivery platform for the repair of the injured spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2311-2312页

作者： krisztián Pajer Tamás Bellák Antal Nógrádi Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular *** the spinal cord neurons have the capacity to regenerate their axons,the expression of growth inhibitory factors,lack or suppression of proper guidance cues,and profound inflammatory responses do not permit successful regeneration(khyeam et al.,2021).

关键词： injured capacity modified

High-precision inverse potentials for neutron-proton scattering using piece-wise smooth Morse functions

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第10期48卷 201-213页

作者： Ayushi awasthi Arushi sharma Ishwar kant O.s.k.s.sastri Department of Physics and Astronomical science Central University of Himachal PradeshDharmshala176215India

The aim of this study is to construct inverse potentials for various ℓ-channels of neutron-proton scattering using a piece-wise smooth Morse function as a *** phase equations for single-channel states and the coupled equations of multi-channel scattering are solved numerically using the 5^(th) order Runge-kutta *** employ a piece-wise smooth reference potential comprising three Morse functions as the initial *** a machine learning-based genetic algorithm,we optimize the model parameters to minimize the mean-squared error between simulated and anticipated phase *** approach yields inverse potentials for both single and multichannel scattering,achieving convergence to a mean-squared error≤10^(-3).The resulting scattering lengths"a_(0)"and effective ranges"r"for ^(3)s_(1) and ^(1)s_(0) states,expressed as[a_(0),r],are found to be[5.445(5.424),1.770(1.760)]and[–23.741(–23.749),2.63(2.81)],respectively;these values are in excellent agreement with experimental ***,the calculated total scattering cross-sections are highly consistent with their experimental counterparts,having a percentage error of less than 1%.This computational approach can be easily extended to obtain interaction potentials for charged particle scattering.

关键词： inverse potentials neutron-proton scattering piece-wise smooth Morse function phase function method reference potential approach genetic algorithm

Origin of Red Color of the Lower siwalik Palaeosols:A Micromorphological Approach

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Journal of Mountain science 2009年第2期6卷 147-154页

作者： seema singh B.Parkash Arun.k.awasthi Department of Earth sciences Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee-247667 India Department of Earth sciences Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee–247667 India

Palaeosols associated with fluvial of the siwalik Group are and lacustrine deposits that occur as thick multiple pedocomplexes. The bright red color of the palaeosol beds has been earlier interpreted as a result of hot and arid palaeoclimate. However, as against this view, our investigations of the bright red palaeosol beds of the Lower siwaliks suggest that the climate was cool and subhumid, instead of hot and arid during the deposition of these beds. since cold climate is not very conducive to impart red coloration, further research is needed to explain the cause of these red beds. For this, the micromorphological study of soil thin sections was done which showed the presence of features such as dissolution and recrystallisation of quartz, feldspar and mica, compaction, slickensides, presence of calcite spars, subrounded and cracked nature of quartz grains, microfabric, complex patterns of birefringence fabrics, pigmentary ferric oxides, thick cutans and cementation by calcite. These features indicate that diagenesis took place on a large scale in these sediments. The positive Eh and neutral-alkaline pH of soils also suggest that the conditions were favorable for the formation of diagenetic red beds. During burial diagenesis of sediments, the hydroxides of ferromagnesian minerals got converted into ferric oxide minerals （hematite）. During deep burial diagenesis smectite was converted into illite and the preponderance of illite over smectite with increasing depth of burial also indicates the diagenesis of sediments. Thus, the red color of the Lower siwalik palaeosols seems to be due mainly to the burial diagenesis of sediments and does not appear to be due to the then prevailing climatic condition.

关键词： Palaeosols C3 type vegetation diagenetic red beds calcite spars

Regression analysis of squeezing-induced hybrid nanofluid flow in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 193-208页

作者： k.MUHAMMAD M.sARFRAZ Department of Humanities and sciences School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University

This article presents a mathematical model addressing a scenario involving a hybrid nanofluid flow between two infinite parallel plates. One plate remains stationary, while the other moves downward at a squeezing velocity. The space between these plates contains a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. A mixture of water-based fluid with gold(Au) and silicon dioxide(si O2) nanoparticles is formulated. In contrast to the conventional Fourier's heat flux equation, this study employs the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux equation. A uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow direction, invoking magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) effects. Further, the model accounts for Joule heating, which is the heat generated when an electric current passes through the fluid. The problem is solved via NDsolve in MATHEMATICA. Numerical and statistical analyses are conducted to provide insights into the behavior of the nanomaterials between the parallel plates with respect to the flow, energy transport, and skin *** findings of this study have potential applications in enhancing cooling systems and optimizing thermal management strategies. It is observed that the squeezing motion generates additional pressure gradients within the fluid, which enhances the flow rate but reduces the frictional drag. Consequently, the fluid is pushed more vigorously between the plates, increasing the flow velocity. As the fluid experiences higher flow rates due to the increased squeezing effect, it spends less time in the region between the plates. The thermal relaxation, however, abruptly changes the temperature, leading to a decrease in the temperature fluctuations.

关键词： Nanofluidics

study of temporal and spectral characteristics of the X-ray emission from solar flares

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第10期18卷 33-48页

作者： Veena Choithani Rajmal Jain Arun k.awasthi Geetanjali singh sneha Chaudhari som kumar sharma Dept.of Physics Sh.M.M.Patel Institute of Sciences&ResearchKadi Sarva VishwavidyalayaGandhinagar 382015India CAs key Laboratory of Geospace Environment Department of Geophysics and Planetary SciencesUniversity ofScience and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Physical Research Laboratory NavrangpuraAhmedabad 380009India

Temporal and spectral characteristics of X-ray emission from 60 flares of intensity ≥C class observed by the solar X-ray spectrometer （sOXs） during 2003-2011 are presented. We analyze the X-ray emission observed in four and three energy bands by the si and Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride （CZT） detectors, respectively. The number of peaks in the intensity profile of the flares varies between 1 and 3. We find moderate correlation （R ~=0.2） between the rise time and the peak flux of the first peak of the flare irrespective of energy band, which is indicative of its energy-independent nature. Moreover, the magnetic field complexity of the flaring region is found to be highly anti-correlated （R = 0.61） with the rise time of the flares while positively correlated （R = 0.28） with the peak flux of the flare. The time delay between the peak of the X-ray emission in a given energy band and that in 25-30keV decreases with increasing energy, suggesting conduction cooling is dominant in the lower energies. Analysis of 340 spectra from 14 flares reveals that the peak of differential emission measure （DEM） evolution is delayed by 60-360 s relative to that of the temperature, and this time delay is inversely proportional to the peak flux of the flare. We conclude that temporal and intensity characteristics of flares are dependent on energy as well as the magnetic field configuration of the active region.

关键词： sun X-rays, gamma rays - sun magnetic fields - sun flares - sun corona

Chemoselective synthesis of δ-lactones via benzyl radical cyclization utilizing k_2s_2O_8-CuCl_2

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第12期19卷 1431-1434页

作者： N.O.Mahmoodi k.Tabatabaeian M.kosari s.Zarrabi Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of GuilanRashtP.O.Box 1914Iran

Direct chemoselective oxidation of δ-lactones via highly stable benzyl radical cyclization is reported. The one-pot conversion of premade substituted 5-aryl pentanoic acid and 8-benzyl-1-naphthoic acid in the presence of k2s2Os--CuCl2 results to the δ-lactones in moderate to good yields. The advantages of this methodology is using water as a solvent and utilizing available starting materials.

关键词： δ-Lactones Benzyl radical Chemoselective oxidation k2s2O8-CuCl2

Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclic ketones utilizing potassium peroxydisulfate(k_2s_2O_8) or sodium perborate(NaBO_3) in acidic media

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2009年第12期20卷 1400-1404页

作者： s.Zarrabi N.O.Mahmoodi k.Tabatabaeian M.A.Zanjanchi Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of GuilanRashtP.O.Box 1914Iran

The efficient, green, facile, mild and straightforward conversion procedure for the oxidation of cyclic ketones to lactones at room temperature utilizing potassium peroxydisulfate （k2s2O8） in acidic media is satisfactory to high yields without using traditional chlorinated solvents is reported. This oxidative reagent is cheap and friendly environmental procedure for industrial purposes than use of organic peracids.

关键词： Baeyer-Villiger oxidation Cyclic ketones Potassium peroxydisulfate (k2s208) Acidic media sodium perborate (NaBO3)

spotless days and geomagnetic index as the predictors of solar cycle 25

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第9期21卷 21-28页

作者： Dipali s.Burud Rajmal Jain Arun k.awasthi sneha Chaudhari sushanta C.Tripathy Nat Gopalswamy Pramod Chamadia subhash C.kaushik Rajiv Vhatkar Department of Physics Shivaji UniversityKolhapur 416004India Physical Research Laboratory Navrangpura380009 Ahmedabad CAs key Laboratory of Geospace Environment Department of Geophysics and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAs key Laboratory of solar Activity National Astronomical ObservatoriesBeijing 100101China National solar Observatory 3665 Discovery Drive BoulderCO 80303USA Goddard space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMD 20771USA Department of Physics Govt.PG Autonomous CollegeSatnaM.P.485001India Department of Physics Govt.P.G.CollegeDatiyaM.P.475661India sh.M.M.Patel Institute of sciences and Research Kadi Sarva VishwavidyalayaGandhinagar 382015India

We study the sunspot activity in relation to spotless days(sLDs)during the descending phase of solar cycles 11-24 to predict the amplitude of sunspot cycle *** this purpose,in addition to sLD,we also consider the geomagnetic activity(aa index)during the descending phase of a given cycle.A very strong correlation of the sLD(0.68)and aa index(0.86)during the descending phase of a given cycle with the maximum amplitude of next solar cycle has been *** empirical relationship led us to deduce the amplitude of cycle 25 to be 99.13±14.97 and 104.23±17.35 using sLD and aa index,respectively as *** the predictors provide comparable amplitude for solar cycle 25 and reveal that solar cycle 25 will be weaker than cycle ***,we predict that the maximum of cycle 25 is likely to occur between February and March *** the aa index has been utilized extensively in the past,this work establishes sLDs as another potential candidate for predicting the characteristics of the next cycle.

关键词： sun:activity sun:sunspots sun:rotation methods:statistical