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Improving social media use for disaster resilience: challenges and strategies

International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 3023-3044页

作者： Nina s.N.Lam Michelle Meyer Margaret Reams seungwon Yang Kisung Lee Lei Zou Volodymyr Mihunov Kejin Wang ryan Kirby Heng Cai Department of Environmental sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeUSA Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUSA school of Information studies Center for Computation and TechnologyLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeUSA Division of Computer science and Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeUSA Department of Geography Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUSA Escambia County Natural Resources Management PensacolaFloridaUSA

This paper develops a social media-disaster resilience analysis framework by categorizing types of social media use and their challenges to better understand and assess its role in disaster resilience research and *** framework is derived primarily from several case studies of Twitter use in three hurricane events in the United states-Hurricanes Isaac,sandy,and *** paper first outlines four major contributions of social media data for disaster resilience research and management,which include serving as an effective communication platform,providing ground truth information for emergency response and rescue operations,providing information on people's sentiments,and allowing predictive ***,there are four_key challenges to its uses,which include,easy spreading of false information,social and geographical disparities of Twitter use,technical issues on processing and analyzing big and noisy data,especially on improving the locational accuracy of the tweets,and algorithm bias in Al and other types of ***,the paper proposes twenty strategies that the four sectors of the social media community-organizations,individuals,social media companies,and researchers-could take to improve social media use to increase disaster resilience.

关键词： Twitter use challenges and strategies disaster resilience social and geographical disparities emergency rescue Hurricane Isaac Hurricane sandy Hurricane Harvey

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Investigating oil solubilization into nonionic micelles by Raman multivariate curve resolution

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Aggregate 2023年第6期4卷 146-152页

作者： Ciera M.Wentworth ryan L.Myers Paul s.Cremer Lauren D.Zarzar Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Materials science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA

Hydrophobic hydration,whereby water spontaneously structures around hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules,plays a key role in the process of surfactant micelle formation and micellar oil *** vibrational Raman multivariate curve resolution spectroscopy,we characterized changes in the hydrophobic hydration occurring within nonionic alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactant Tergitol NP-12 micelles as a function of oil *** report trends in the changes of hydrophobic hydration depending on the chain length of the oil as well as the presence of a halogen atom in the oil chemical *** in hydrophobic hydration directly correlate to changes in the physical properties of the micellar solution,including cloud point and micelle hydrodynamic *** compare hydrophobic hydration of Tergitol NP-12 to nonionic linear alkyl ethoxylate surfactant Makon TD-12 and ionic sodium dodecyl sulfate and observe similar trends;the molecular structure of the oil has the largest impact on the hydrophobic *** believe these studies contribute to a fundamental understanding of the importance of hydrophobic hydration in surfactant and oil aggregates,especially as it relates to micellar oil solubilization,and provide insight into how the molecular solubilizate can impact micellar structure,size,and stability.

关键词： hydrophobic hydration micelle Raman multivariate curve resolution solubilization

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Enabling rapid X-ray CT characterisation for additive manufacturing using CAD models and deep learning-based reconstruction

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1443-1452页

作者： Amirkoushyar Ziabari s.V.Venkatakrishnan Zackary snow Aleksander Lisovich Michael sprayberry Paul Brackman Curtis Frederick Pradeep Bhattad sarah Graham Philip Bingham ryan Dehoff Alex Plotkowski Vincent Paquit Energy and Electrification Infrastructure Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryKnoxvilleTN 37830USA ZEIss Industrial Metrology LLC Maple GroveMN 55369USA Manufacturing science Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Materials science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

Metal additive manufacturing(AM)offers flexibility and cost-effectiveness for printing complex parts but is limited to few *** new alloys requires process parameter optimisation to produce consistent,high-quality ***-resolution X-ray computed tomography(XCT)has not been effective for this task due to artifacts,slow scan speed,and *** propose a deep learning-based approach for rapid XCT acquisition and reconstruction of metal AM parts,leveraging computer-aided design models and physics-based simulations of nonlinear interactions between X-ray radiation and *** significantly reduces beam hardening and common XCT *** demonstrate high-throughput characterisation of over a hundred AlCe alloy components,quantifying improvements in characterisation time and quality compared to high-resolution microscopy and *** approach facilitates investigating the impact of process parameters and their geometry dependence in metal AM.

关键词： rapid alloy character

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Preface to Focused Issue on Discontinuous Galerkin Methods

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2022年第1期4卷 1-2页

作者： Jan s.Hesthaven Jennifer ryan Chi-Wang shu Jaap van der Vegt Yan Xu Qiang Zhang Zhimin Zhang Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(EPFL) 1015 LausanneSwitzerland Department of Applied Mathematics and statistics Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO 80401USA Division of Applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA Department of Applied Mathematics University of Twente7500AE EnschedeThe Netherlands school of Mathematical sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026AnhuiChina Department of Mathematics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093JiangsuChina Department of Mathematics Wayne State UniversityDetroitMI 48202USA

The discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method is a class of finite element methods using com-pletely discontinuous piecewise smooth functions(typically polynomials)as basis and test *** its inception in 1973[10],it has seen a sustained development,both in the computational mathematics community and in many scientific and engineering application *** DG methods have several advantages,such as its extreme flexibility in dealing with complex geometry and adaptive computation(both h-and p-adaptivities are easy to implement),extremely high parallel efficiency,good stability properties(energy and entropy stability has been established for DG methods in many situations),nice con-vergence and superconvergence properties,and capability to solve hyperbolic and convec-tion-dominated problems effectively.

关键词： discontinuous stability piecewise

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Update on the laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of HIV infection

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Cell Research 2005年第Z1期15卷 870-876页

作者： Niel T constantine William KABAT Richard Y ZHAO Department of Pathology University of Maryland School of Medicine BaltimoreMD 21201-1192 USAInstitute of Human Virology Baltimore MD 21201-1192 USA Children’s Memorial Hospital Chicago IL 60614-3363 USA Department of Pathology University of Maryland School of Medicine BaltimoreMD 21201-1192 USADepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine BaltimoreMD 21201-1192 USAInstitute of Human Virology Baltimore MD 21201-1192 USA

In China, the estimated number of HIV infected cases is approaching one million. Although public education has been initiated for awareness and behavioral modification for this devastating infection, better diagnostic methods are needed to identify infected persons and manage infection. simple and more accurate diagnostic tools have become available, particularly for early detection and to monitor treatment in those who receive anti-retroviral treatment. In this short review, we summarize some of the common and new methodologies that can be used in clinical laboratories, in the field, or in private laboratories. These range from simple antibody tests to more sophistical methods that are used to monitor disease progression and identify drug resistance. These tools can assist physicians, medical practitioners, and laboratory personnel to select suitable diagnostic tools for the diagnosis, blood screening, monitoring of disease progression, and for detection of drug resistance to anti-retroviral therapies.

关键词： HIV diagnosis viral load drug resistance.

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Open and Closed： The Roles of Linker Histones in Plants and Animals

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Molecular Plant 2014年第3期7卷 481-491页

作者： ryan s. Over scott D. Michaels Departments of Biology/Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Indiana University 915 E. Third Street Bloomington IN 47405 USA

Histones package DNA in all eukaryotes and play key roles in regulating gene expression. Approximately 150 base pairs of DNA wraps around an octamer of core histones to form the nucleosome, the basic unit of chromatin. Linker histones compact chromatin further by binding to and neutralizing the charge of the DNA between nucleosomes. It is well established that chromatin packing is regulated by a complex pattern of posttranslational modifications （PTMs） to core histones, but linker histone function is less well understood. In this review, we describe the current understand- ing of the many roles that linker histones play in cellular processes, including gene regulation, cell division, and devel- opment, while putting the linker histone in the context of other nuclear proteins. Although intriguing roles for plant linker histones are beginning to emerge, much of our current understanding comes from work in animal systems. Many unanswered questions remain and additional work is required to fully elucidate the complex processes mediated by linker histones in plants.

关键词： linker histone histone H1 chromatin gene regulation development differentiation imprinting posttrans-lational modifications DNA methylation high mobility group proteins.

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Calibration,validation,and evaluation of the Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)model for hillslopes with natural runoff plot data

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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 669-687页

作者： shuyuan Wang ryan P.McGehee Tian Guo Dennis C.Flanagan Bernard A.Engel Department of Agricultural&Biological Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA UsDA-Agricultural Research service National Soil Erosion Research LaboratoryWest LafayetteIN47907USA

The Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)model has been widely used for estimating runoff and soil *** evaluation of the latest version(version 2021.133)under a range of environmental conditions can provide confidence to its *** objectives of this study were to evaluate the WEPP model for runoff and soil loss predictions using 1159 plot years of rainfall-runoff events data from field experi-mental plots with various climates,soils,topographies,and *** runoff and soil loss predictions were compared to the observations before and after input parameter *** results showed good predictions of runoff and soil loss were obtained with both the uncalibrated and calibrated WEPP model for all considered scales with Nash-sutcliffe model efficiencies(NsE)over *** calibration of input baseline effective hydraulic conductivity(k_(e)),baseline critical shear stress(τ_(c)),baseline rill erod-ibility(k_(r)),and baseline interrill erodibility(k_(i))improved WEPP model performance with NsE values of 0.98 and 0.91 for average annual runoff and soil loss predictions,*** WEPP model tended to underestimate the runoff and soil loss for large events with runoff over 100 mm and soil loss over 120t/*** event runoff and soil loss predictions(NsE ≥0.4)were obtained for the most common cropping/management systems considered,including corn,cotton,tilled fallow,and wheat after *** study illustrates the most recent WEPP model's performance for runoff and soil loss predictions,and provides a comprehensive set of results.

关键词： WEPP Runoff soil loss Calibration Validation

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Comparison of sublingual microcirculatory parameters measured by sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy in anesthetized pigs and adult humans

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2023年第5期6卷 499-503页

作者： Raushan Lala ryan Homes shaun Pratt Wendy Goodwin Mark Midwinter school of Biomedical sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQldAustralia school of Veterinary sciences The University of QueenslandGattonQldAustralia Jamieson Trauma Institute Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQldAustralia Traumatic Injury sciences Group The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQldAustralia

Background:This study aimed to compare sublingual microcirculatory parameters between anesthetized pigs and conscious adult humans using sidestream darkfield *** overarching aim of the work was to validate the pig as an experimental model of changes in microcirculatory function following traumatic haemorrhagic shock and ***:Fourteen large white pigs and 14 humans were recruited for the *** sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy clips were captured in anesthetized pigs and conscious *** underwent manual analysis in Automated Vascular Analysis 3.2 *** total vessel density(TVD),perfused vessel density(PVD),proportion of perfused vessels(PPVs)and microvascular flow index(MFI)were *** independent samples t test was used for between species comparison of microcirculatory *** and Conclusions:Conscious humans had a significantly lower TVD,PVD and MFI than anesthetized *** significant difference in PPVs was observed between the *** of the microcirculation is a critical determinant of tissue metabolic function and *** it may not be surprising that some inter species differences in the sublingual microcirculatory anatomy were identified between pig and human subjects,it is interesting to report the insignificant difference in *** direct microcirculatory measure represents a relative change which should hold translatable value across *** therefore conclude the pig is a suitable model for microcirculatory research and may be a suitable species to investigate changes in microcirculatory perfusion following perturbations in cardiovascular homeostasis,for example during traumatic haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.

关键词： comparative anatomy microcirculation sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy

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A thin si nanowire network anode for high volumetric capacity and long-life lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第6期81卷 20-27,I0002页

作者： Ibrahim saana Amiinu sumair Imtiaz Hugh Geaney Tadhg Kennedy Nilotpal Kapuria shalini singh Kevin M ryan Bernal Institute University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland Department of Chemical sciences University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland

silicon nanowires(si NWs)have been widely researched as the best alternative to graphite anodes for the next-generation of high-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to their high capacity and low discharge ***,growing binder-free si NW anodes with adequate mass loading and stable capacity is severely limited by the low surface area of planar current collectors(CCs),and is particularly challenging to achieve on standard pure-Cu substrates due to the ubiquitous formation of Li+inactive silicide ***,the growth of densely-interwoven In-seeded si NWs is facilitated by a thin-film of copper-silicide(Cs)network in situ grown on a Cu-foil,allowing for a thin active NW layer(s an average Coulombic efficiency(CE)of>99.6%and stable performance for>900 cycles with≈88.7%capacity *** significantly,it delivers a volumetric capacity of≈1086.1 m A h/cm^(3)at *** full-cell versus lithium manganese oxide(LMO)cathode delivers a capacity of≈1177.1 m A h/g at 1C with a stable rate *** electrode architecture represents significant advances toward the development of binder-free si NW electrodes for LIB application.

关键词： si NW anode silicidation LMO cathode Amorphous ligaments Volumetric capacity Lithium-ion batteries

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Activation mechanisms of clinically distinct B-Raf V600Eand V600K mutants

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Cancer Communications 2023年第3期43卷 405-408页

作者： Mingzhen Zhang ryan Maloney Yonglan Liu Hyunbum Jang Ruth Nussinov Computational structural Biology section Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDU.S.A. Cancer Innovation Laboratory National Cancer InstituteFrederickMDU.S.A. Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael

Dear Editor,B-Raf,the main effector of Ras in the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway,is among the most highly mutated kinases in human cancer[1].About 40%-60%of melanoma patients harbor B-Raf mutations,of which∼90%involve V600E and V600K.B-RafV600E is more frequent(60%-80%)than B-RafV600K(10%-30%).substitution of a Val codon by Glu requires a single nucleotide change,whereas Val to Lys requires two[2].This is in line with melanoma patients harboring the V600K mutation,who usually suffer from higher sun exposure that may induce increased DNA damage[3].since both mutations occur at the same position of the kinase domain and are mutated to charged residues,it was believed that the B-Raf V600E and V600K mutantswould share a similar behavior,and in clinical trials,patients with V600E and V600K mutations have been recruited into the same cohort.

关键词： V600E V600 melanoma

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