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Evolving concep.s in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune p.oteome” and “local antibiotic therap.”

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Bone Research 2019年第3期7卷 225-242页

作者： Elysia A. Masters ryan p. trombetta Karen L. de Mesy Bentley Brendan F Boyce Ann Lindley Gill Steven R. Gill Kohei Nishitani Masahiro Ishikawa Yugo Morita Hiromu Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry Mark Ninomiya James D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. Lee Step.anie p. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John L. Daiss John R. Owen Step.en L. Kates Edward M. Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Dep.rtment of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Dep.rtment of p.thology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Dep.rtment of Orthop.edics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Dep.rtment of Microbiology & Immunology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Dep.rtment of Orthop.edic Surgery Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Dep.rtment of Orthop.edic Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center Richmond VA USA

Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthop.dic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Stap.ylococcus aureus is resp.nsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial p.rsistence deep.within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high p.tient morbidity,mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is imp.rtant to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for p.evention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Stap.ylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on imp.ant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, *** intracellular p.rsistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune p.oteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(MENSA), which may p.ovide new op.ortunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, p.ognosis, and vaccine develop.ent. Finally, novel therap.es such as antimicrobial imp.ant coatings and antibiotic imp.egnated 3D-p.inted scaffolds rep.esent p.omising strategies for p.eventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational op.ortunities towards a cure.

关键词： disease caused by soft tissue necrotic tissuel

Machine learning-guided accelerated discovery of structure-p.op.rty correlations in lean magnesium alloys for biomedical ap.lications

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2267-2283页

作者： Sreenivas Raguraman Maitreyee Sharma p.iyadarshini Tram Nguyen ryan McGovern Andrew Kim Adam J.Griebel p.ulette Clancy Timothy p.Weihs Dep.rtment of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Hop.ins Extreme Materials Institute Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Dep.rtment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimore21231MDU.S.A Dep.rtment of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Research and Develop.ent Fort Wayne Metals Research ProductsLLC9609 Ardmore AveFort Wayne46809INU.S.A Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A

Magnesium alloys are emerging as p.omising alternatives to traditional orthop.dic imp.ant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocomp.tibility,and imp.essive mechanical ***,their rap.d in-vivo degradation p.esents challenges,notably in up.olding mechanical integrity over *** study investigates the imp.ct of high-temp.rature thermal p.ocessing on the mechanical and degradation attributes of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy,*** rap.d,cost-efficient characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and op.ical microscop.,we swiftly examine microstructural changes p.st-thermal *** p.arson correlation coefficient analysis,we unveil the relationship.between microstructural p.op.rties and critical targets(p.op.rties):hardness and corrosion ***,leveraging the least absolute shrinkage and selection op.rator(LASSO),we p.np.int the dominant microstructural factors among closely correlated *** findings underscore the significant role of grain size refinement in strengthening and the p.edominance of the ternary Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)p.ase in corrosion *** suggests that achieving an op.imal blend of strength and corrosion resistance is attainable through fine grains and reduced concentration of ternary *** thorough investigation furnishes valuable insights into the intricate interp.ay of p.ocessing,structure,and p.op.rties in magnesium alloys,thereby advancing the develop.ent of sup.rior biodegradable imp.ant materials.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Machine learning Corrosion Mechanical p.op.rties Rap.d characterization

Childhood op.ortunity and ap.rop.iate use of child safety restraints in motor vehicle collisions

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World Journal of p.diatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 142-149页

作者： Step.anie Y Chen Iris Garcia Shadassa Ourshalimian Chantel Lowery p.adip.p.Chaudhari ryan G Sp.rrier p.diatric Surgery Children's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Injury p.evention p.ogram Children's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Emergency and Transp.rt Medicine Children's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA p.diatrics University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Surgery University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Objectives Safety restraints reduce injuries from motor vehicle collisions(MVCs)but are often imp.op.rly ap.lied or not *** Childhood Op.ortunity Index(COI)reflects social determinants of health and its study in p.diatric trauma is *** hyp.thesized that MVC p.tients from low-op.ortunity neighborhoods are less likely to be ap.rop.iately *** A retrosp.ctive cross-sectional study was p.rformed on children/adolescents≤18 years old in MVCs between January 1,2011 and December 31,*** were identified from the Children's Hosp.tal Los Angeles trauma *** outcome was safety restraint use(ap.rop.iately restrained,not ap.rop.iately restrained).COI levels by home zip.codes were stratified as very low,low,moderate,high,and very *** regression controlling for age identified factors associated with safety restraint *** Of 337 p.tients,73.9%were ap.rop.iately restrained and 26.1%were not ap.rop.iately *** with ap.rop.iately restrained p.tients,more not ap.rop.iately restrained p.tients were from low-COI(26.1%vs 20.9%),high-COI(14.8%vs 10.8%)and very high-COI(10.2%vs 3.6%)*** analysis demonstrated no significant associations in ap.rop.iate restraint use and *** was a non-significant trend that children/adolescents from moderate-COI neighborhoods were more likely than those from very low-COI neighborhoods to be ap.rop.iately restrained(OR=1.82,95%CI 0.78,4.28).Conclusion Injury p.evention initiatives focused on safety restraints should target families of children from all neighborhood typ.s.

关键词： MVC restrained neighborhood

Are school uniforms associated with gender inequalities in p.ysical activity? A p.oled analysis of p.p.lation-level data from 135 countries/regions

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Journal of Sp.rt and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 590-598页

作者： Mairead ryan Luiza I.C.Ricardo Nicole Nathan Riikka Hofmann Esther van Sluijs Medical Research Council Ep.demiology Unit University of CambridgeCambridge CB20QQUK Faculty of Education University of CambridgeCambridge CB28PQUK Hunter New England p.p.lation Health WallsendNSW 2287Australia School of Medicine and p.blic Health College of HealthMedicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton HeightsNSW 2305Australia National Centre of Imp.ementation Science University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

p.rp.se:It is aimed to assess whether school uniforms are associated with p.p.lation-level gender inequalities in p.ysical activity,and whether associations differ by school level,country/region income,and assessment ***:An ecological study design was *** collected data about global uniform p.actices using an online *** searched for country/region-level estimates of school-aged youth meeting p.ysical activity guidelines from international surveillance *** selection was conducted in dup.icate using a systematic p.ocess,and a random samp.e of all data was checked to ensure extraction and p.oling p.ocesses were *** calculated absolute and relative gender inequalities in p.ysical activity for each *** regression examined associations between country/region-level uniform p.actices(binary yes/no exp.sure variable) and country/region-level gender inequalities in p.ysical activity guideline comp.iance(absolute and relative inequalities).We investigated moderation by school level,stratified analyses by income group.and rep.ated p.imary analyses using device-measured ***:p.oling data from 135 countries/regions(n=1,089,852),we found no association between p.p.lation-level uniform p.actices and gender inequalities in p.ysical activity across all ages(absolute:β=-0.2;95% confidence interval(95%CI):-1.7 to 1.3,p.0.74;relative:β=0.1;95%CI:-0.1 to 0.2,p.0.51).Subgroup.analysis suggested a p.sitive association in p.imary school settings(absolute:β=4.3;95%CI:-0.0 to 8.6,p.0.05).Among high-income countries,absolute inequalities were significantly greater in countries/regions with uniform p.actices(N=37) comp.red to those without(N=48)(9.1(SD=3.6) vs.7.8 p.rcentage p.ints(SD=4.3)).Rep.ating analyses using device-measured data(n=32,130;N=24) did not alter our p.imary *** initial descrip.ive statistics,we found that in countries/regions where a maj ority of schools(>50%) rep.rtedly use uniforms,there was lower comp.i

关键词： School p.licy Clothing Child Adolescent Accelerometer

Effect of TiB_(2)Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical p.op.rties of AA8009 Alloy Fabricated by Laser Additive Manufacturing

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第1期37卷 67-77页

作者： Xinxing Xiong Sijie Yu p.i Wang Junfang Qi Haichao Li Xulei Wang Michael ryan Debajyoti Bhaduri Rossitza Setchi Additive Manufacturing Institute Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Henan Key Laboratory of High p.rformance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Comp.sites Institute of Carbon Matrix CompositesHenan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou450046China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering ScienceShanghai201620China School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University of AeronauticsZhengzhou450046China High-Value Manufacturing Research Group School of EngineeringCardiff UniversityCardiffCF243AAUK

The research involves the addition of 5 vol.%TiB_(2)p.rticles into AA8009 alloy p.wder to synthesize TiB_(2)/AA8009 comp.site p.rts p.oduced via laser p.wder bed fusion(Lp.F).The addition of the TiB_(2)p.rticles causes the TiB_(2)/AA8009 comp.sites with and without annealing have lower comp.essive strength than AA8009 alloy due to the change of the strengthening *** results further indicated that solid solution strengthening was the main strengthening mechanism of the Lp.F AA8009 alloy at room temp.rature whereas Orowan strengthening became the p.imary strengthening factor after annealing at 673 *** contrast,Orowan strengthening always remained the main strengthening mechanism for the TiB_(2)/AA8009 comp.site,irresp.ctive of the annealing *** addition,after annealing of the Lp.F p.rts at 673 K,the comp.essive yield strength(CYS)of the unblended AA8009 alloy sp.cimens had a~2.5 times greater reduction(from 705±16 to 459±30 Mp.)comp.red to that of the comp.site TiB_(2)/AA8009 samp.es(from 466±23 to 368±3 Mp.).Therefore,TiB_(2)p.rticles can sup.ress the drop.in yield strength of Lp.F AA8009 alloy below 673 K,p.oviding a theoretical and exp.rimental basis for the ap.lications of both Lp.F AA8009 and TiB_(2)/AA8009 alloys at low and medium temp.ratures.

关键词： Laser p.wder bed fusion AA8009 alloy Microstructure Mechanical p.op.rties

Screen-p.inted grap.ite electrode on p.lyvinyl chloride and p.rchment strip. integrated with genetic p.ogramming for in situ nitrate sensing of aquap.nic p.nd water

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Information p.ocessing in Agriculture 2024年第2期11卷 187-201页

作者： Ronnie Concep.ionⅡ Bernardo Duarte Maria Gemel p.lconit Jonah Jahara BaunArgel Bandala ryan Rhay Vicerra Elmer Dadios Dep.rtment of Manufacturing Engineering and Management De La Salle UniversityManila 1004 Philippines MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre.&ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de LisboaCampo Grande1749-016 LisboaPortugal Dep.rtamento de Biologia Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande 1749-016 LisboaPortugal Dep.rtment of Electronics and Comp.ter Engineering De La Salle UniversityManila 1004 Philppines

Nitrate is the p.imary water-soluble macronutrient essential for p.ant growth that is converted from excess fish feeds,fish effluents,and degrading biomaterials on the aquap.nic p.nd floor,and when aquacultural malp.actices occur,large amounts of it retain in the water system causing increase rate in eutrop.ication and toxifies fish and aquaculture *** nitrate sensor p.ototyp.s still require p.rforming the additional step. of water samp.e deionization and dilution and were constructed with exp.nsive *** resp.nse to the challenge of sensor enhancement and aquap.nic water quality monitoring,this study develop.d sensitive,rep.atable,and rep.oducible screen-p.inted grap.ite electrodes on p.lyvinyl chloride and p.rchment p.p.r substrates with silver as electrode material and 60:40 grap.ite p.wder:nail p.lish formulated conductive ink for electrical traces,integrated with 9-gene genetic exp.ession model as a function of p.ak anodic current and electrochemical test time for nitrate concentration p.ediction that is embedded into low-p.wer Arduino ESp.2 for in situ nitrate sensing in aquap.nic p.nd *** Sp. electrical traces were designed on the two typ.s of *** electron microscop. with energy disp.rsive X-ray confirmed the electrode surface *** cyclic voltammetry using 10 to 100 mg/L KNO3 and water from three-dep.h regions of the actual p.nd established the electrochemical test time(10.5 s)and electrode p.tential(0.135 V)p.otocol necessary to p.oduce p.ak current that corresp.nds to the strength of nitrate ions during *** findings from in situ testing revealed that the p.op.sed sensors have strong linear p.edictions(R2=0.968 MSE=1.659 for nSp.v and R2=0.966 MSE=4.697 for nSp.p.in the range of 10 to 100 mg/L and best detection limit of 3.15μg/L,which are comp.rable to other sensors of more comp.ex *** develop.d three-electrode electrochemical nitrate sensor confirms that it is reliable for bot

关键词： Aquap.nic water quality Electrochemical technology Genetic p.ogramming Grap.ite electrode Nitrate sensor p.ecision agriculture p.inted electronics Scanning electron microscop. Screen-p.inted electrode Voltammetry

Aging imp.irs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： Charles A.Schurman Serra Kaya Neha Dole Nadja M.Maldonado Luna Natalia Castillo ryan p.tter Jacob p.Rose Joanna Bons Christina D.King Jordan B.Burton Birgit Schilling Simon Melov Simon Tang Eric Schaible Tamara Alliston Dep.rtment of Orthop.edic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate p.ogram in Bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

p.or bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly *** molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality,indep.ndent of bone mass,are unknown but are thought to be p.imarily determined by *** hyp.thesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the sup.ression of osteocyte p.rilacunar/canalicular remodeling(p.R),which maintains bone material *** examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic rep.ession of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that sup.resses *** control aged bone disp.ayed decreased TGFβsignaling and p.R,but aging did not worsen the existing p.R sup.ression in male TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship.imp.cted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical *** effects of age on bone mass,density,and mineral material behavior were indep.ndent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dep.ndent maintenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： maintain p.imarily integrity

Exercised blood p.asma p.omotes hip.ocamp.l neurogenesis in the Alzheimer's disease rat brain

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Journal of Sp.rt and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 245-255页

作者： Cecilie Skarstad Norevik Aleksi M.Huuha Ragnhild N.RФsbjФrgen Linda Hildegard Bergersen Kamilla Jacobsen Rodrigo Miguel-dos-Santos Liv ryan Belma Skender Jose Bianco N.Moreira Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen Menno p.Witter Nathan Scrimgeour Atefe R.Tari Cardiac Exercise Research Group.CERG) Department of Circulation and Medical ImagingNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Dep.rtment of Neurology and Clinical Neurop.ysiology St.Olavs University Hospital7030TrondheimNorway Institute of Oral Biology University of Oslo0372OsloNorway Dep.rtment of p.ysiology Federal University of SergipeS~ao Cristov~ao49100-000SergipeBrazil Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience Centre for Neural Computationand Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical MicrocircuitsNorwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway K.G.Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease Norwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway

Background:Exercise training p.omotes brain p.asticity and is associated with p.otection against cognitive imp.irment and Alzheimer’s disease(AD).These beneficial effects may be p.rtly mediated by blood-borne *** we used an in vitro model of AD to investigate effects of blood p.asma from exercise-trained donors on neuronal viability,and an in vivo rat model of AD to test whether such p.asma imp.cts cognitive function,amyloid p.thology,and ***:Mouse hip.ocamp.l neuronal cells were exp.sed to AD-like stress using amyloid-βand treated with p.asma collected from human male donors 3 h after a single bout of high-intensity *** in vivo studies,blood was collected from exercise-trained young male Wistar rats(high-intensity intervals 5 days/week for 6 weeks).Transgenic AD rats(McGill-R-Thyl-Ap.)were inj ected 5 times/fortnight for 6 weeks at2 months or 5 months of age with either(a)p.asma from the exercise-trained rats,(b)p.asma from sedentary rats,or(c)*** function,amyloid p.aque p.thology,and neurogenesis were *** p.asma used for the treatment was analyzed for 23 ***:p.asma from exercised donors enhanced cell viability by 44.1%(p.0.032)and reduced atrop.y by 50.0%(p.0.001)in amyloid-β-treated *** vivo exercised p.asma treatment did not alter cognitive function or amyloid p.aque p.thology but did increase hip.ocamp.l neurogenesis by~3 fold,regardless of p.thological stage,when comp.red to saline-treated *** of 7 cytokines were significantly reduced in exercised p.asma comp.red to sedentary ***:Our p.oof-of-concep. study demonstrates that p.asma from exercise-trained donors can p.otect neuronal cells in culture and p.omote adult hip.ocamp.l neurogenesis in the AD rat *** effect may be p.rtly due to reduced p.o-inflammatory signaling molecules in exercised p.asma.

关键词： Cytokines High-intensity interval training Inflammation Neurons p.asma transfusion

Metabolic syndrome and the urinary microbiome of p.tients undergoing p.rcutaneous nep.rolithotomy

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 316-323页

作者： ryan A.Dornbier Chirag p.Doshi Shalin C.Desai p.tar Bajic Michelle Van Kuiken Mark Khemmani Ahmer V.Farooq Larissa Bresler Thomas M.T.Turk Alan J.Wolfe Kristin G.Baldea Loyola University Medical Center Department of UrologyMaywoodILUSA Loyola University Chicago Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMaywoodILUSA

Objective:To identify p.ssible stone-p.omoting microbes,we comp.red the p.ofiles of microbes grown from stones of p.tients with and without metabolic syndrome(MetS).The association between MetS and urinary stone disease is well established,but the exact p.thop.ysiologic relationship.remains *** evidence suggests urinary tract dysbiosis may lead to increased nep.rolithiasis ***:At the time of p.rcutaneous nep.rolithotomy,bladder urine and stone fragments were collected from p.tients with and without *** samp.e typ.s were subjected to exp.nded quantitative urine culture(EQUC)and 16 S ribosomal RNA gene ***:Fifty-seven p.tients included 12 controls(21.1%)and 45 MetS p.tients(78.9%).Both cohorts were similar with resp.ct to demograp.ics and non-MetS *** controls had uric acid stone *** EQUC,bacteria were detected more frequently in MetS stones(42.2%)comp.red to controls(8.3%)(p.0.041).Bacteria also were more abundant in stones of MetS p.tients comp.red to *** validate our EQUC results,we p.rformed 16 S ribosomal RNA gene *** 12/16(75.0%)sequence-p.sitive stones,EQUC reliably isolated at least one sp.cies of the sequenced *** were detected in both“infectious”and“non-infectious”stone ***:Bacteria are more common and more abundant in MetS stones than control *** findings sup.ort a role for bacteria in urinary stone disease for p.tients with MetS regardless of stone comp.sition.

关键词： Nep.rolithiasis Urolithiasis Metabolic syndrome Urinary microbiome p.rcutaneous nep.rolithotomy