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Managing type 2 diabetes:targeting a microbial enzyme as a novel treatment option

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 3-5页

作者： Anikó Keller-Pintér Tamás Korcsmáros Tibor Vellai Department of Biochemistry Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzeged6720Hungary Department of Metabolism Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonW120NNUK Quadram Institute Bioscience Norwich Research ParkNorwichNR47UQUK Department of Genetics Eötvös Loránd University(ELTE)Budapest1117Hungary Hungarian Research Network HUN-REN-ELTE Genetics Research Group Budapest1117Hungary

In a recent Science article,Wang and colleagues showed that the dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4)enzyme produced by the gut microbiota can interfere with the effect of host glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)involved in stimulating insulin secretion,and the specific inhibitor of microbial DPP4(mDPP4),combined with clinical inhibitors of host DPP4 isoenzymes,further promotes blood glucose homeostasis.1 These results point out why certain patients respond inadequately to an antidiabetic medication.

关键词： homeostasis stimulating clinical

Bias-Free Solar-to-Hydrogen Conversion in a BiVO4/PM6:Y6 Compact Tandem with Optically Balanced Light Absorption

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 231-238页

作者： Catarina G.Ferreira Constanza Sansierra Francisco Bernal-Texca Mingyu Zhang Carles ros Jordi Martorell ICFO–Institut de Ciències Fotòniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Departament de Física Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

The high voltage required to overcome the thermodynamic threshold and the complicated kinetics of the water splitting reaction limit the efficiency of single semiconductor-based photoelectrochemistry.A semiconductor/solar cell tandem structure has been theoretically demonstrated as a viable path to achieve an efficient direct transformation of sunlight into chemical energy.

关键词： bismuth vanadate compact tandem organic solar cells photonic multilayers solar-to-hydrogen conversion

Microbial phenolic metabolites are associated with better frontal lobe cognition

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Inés Domínguez-López Isabella Parilli-Moser Anna Vallverdú-Queralt Anna Tresserra-Rimbau Cinta Valls-Pedret Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz Olga Casta?er Ramon Estruch Emili ros rosa M.Lamuela-Raventós Lipid Clinic， Endocrinology and Nutrition Service， Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer， Hospital Clínic 08036 Barcelona， Spain Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition， Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM) Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health， University of Navarra Departament de Nutrició， Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomía， Facultat de Farmacia， Universitat de Barcelon (UB)， Av.de Joan XXII Department of Endocrinology， Hospital Clinic IDIBAPS， Barcelona， Spain Department of Internal Medicine， Hospital Clinic， Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)， University of Barcelona CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN)， Instituto de Salud Carlos III Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA)， Universitat de Barcelona (UB)

With increasing life expectancy， neurodegenerative diseases have become one of the leading causes of ill-health in the elderly. Preventive strategies include following healthy diets， such as the Mediterranean diet， which is particularly rich in polyphenols， bioactive compounds with neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to assess the association of microbial phenolic metabolites (MPM) with cognition. This cross-sectional analysis was performed with 200 participants of the PREDIMED trial (Barcelona-Clinic recruitment center). A novel method based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to identify urinary MPM (protocatechuic acid， enterodiol glucuronide， enterolactone glucuronide， urolithin B glucuronide， and vanillic acid glucuronide)， and cognitive function was evaluated with neuropsychological tests. Multivariable-adjusted ordinary least squares regression was used to assess the associations between cognitive function and MPM， and a score was calculated as the weighted sum of MPM. A higher MPM score was associated with better frontal lobe function. Among individual metabolites， vanillic acid glucuronide was correlated with frontal cognitive performance. Participants with higher concentrations of vanillic acid glucuronide and urolithin B glucuronide obtained better scores in the Color Trail Test part 2. A higher score for urinary multi-MPM was associated with better frontal cognitive performance in an older Mediterranean population.

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Traditional Use of Medicinal Plants Confirmed by the Baka in Southern and Eastern Cameroon

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 76-106页

作者： Natacha Nana Afiong Pascal Billong Fils Karelle Kouetchua Guekam Eloge Kambale Muhesi Eva Avila Martin Guillermo ros Brull Julia E. Fa Stephan Michael Funk Evariste Fongnzossie Fedoung Jean Lagarde Betti Department of Biology and Physiology of Plant Organisms University of Douala Douala Cameroon Zerca y lejos ONGD Madrid Spain Department of Natural Sciences School of Science and the Environment Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) CIFOR Headquarters Bogor Indonesia Nature Heritage Jersey Channel Islands Manchester UK Laboratory of Forest Resources and Wood Valorization Training Unit in Engineering Sciences Post Graduate School of Fundamental and Applied Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroun Department of Wood Sciences Higher Institute of Agriculture Wood Water resources and Environment University of Ber-toua Bertoua Cameroon

The limitations of biomedecine to provide effective solutions to certain pandemics has led many people to turn to alternative therapies. These palliative solutions, particularly phytomedecines, are much sought after for disease prevention and treatment. The Baka, a group of forest-dwelling people, hold knowledge on how wild plants can be effective in treating many illnesses. However, the greatest challenge for the identification of traditional medicines depends on the veracity of the information provided during ethnobotanic surveys by user populations. The present study describes forest plants used by the Baka and confirmed by them as being employed for traditional medicine. We carried out ethnobotanical surveys between 2019 and 2021 in 221 households within four districts of the Eastern and Southern Region of Cameroon. We used indices of significant use and performance applied to all mentioned species, alongside searches in the literature. The statistical tools used to distinguish the different groups/districts is Pearson’s X2 test. A total of 378 plant species were identified of 270 genera and 85 families. Ethnobotanical indices allowed to identify the most confirmed and efficient plants for several health problems. A pairwise comparison of these indices showed a significant correlation with a p-value < 2.2e-16 and a dissimilarity distance less than 0.5. Some plants selected are widely cited in other regions and/or countries for the same health problems. The presence of active molecules responsible for their biological activity was also proven, justifying their use in traditional medicine. This paper examines the potential to enhance the value of Cameroon’s pharmacopeia by integrating various ethnobotanical indices. It aims to discover new therapeutic molecules and develop improved traditional products from the diverse plant species documented. The findings indicate opportunities to advance both local and global healthcare solutions.

关键词： Confirmed Plants Import-Substitution Improved Traditional Medicine (ITM) Sustainable Development Goals Therapeutic Molecules

Gamma-ray bursts and their links with supernovae and cosmology

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第8期12卷 1139-1161页

作者： Peter Mszros Neil Gehrels Center for Particle and Gravitational Astrophysics Dept.of Astronomy&Astrophysics and Dept.of Physics Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Astrophysics Science Division NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMD 20771USA

Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous explosions in the Universe, whose origin and mechanism are the focus of intense interest. They appear connected to su- pernova remnants from massive stars or the merger of their remnants, and their bright- ness makes them temporarily detectable out to the largest distances yet explored in the universe. After pioneering breakthroughs from space and ground experiments, their study is entering a new phase with observations from the recently launched Fermi satellite, as well as the prospect of detections or limits from large neutrino and gravitational wave detectors. The interplay between such observations and theoretical models of gamma-ray bursts is reviewed, and cosmology. as well as their connections to supernovae

关键词： gamma-ray sources -- gamma-ray bursts -- cosmic rays -- neutrinos-- supernovae -- cosmology -- intergalactic medium

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Transient transport processes in deformable porous media

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第11期20卷 167-175页

作者： Cs.Mészáros A.Bálint Szent István University Department of Physics and Process Control Szent István University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry

The basic partial differential equations relevant for convection-diffusion and convection-diffusion-wave phenomena arc presented and solved analytically by using the MAPLE symbolic computer algebra system. The possible general nonlinear character of the constitutive equation of the convection-discussion process is replaced by a direct posteriori stochastic refinement of its solution represented for Dirichlet-type boundary conditions. A thermodynamic analysis is performed for connecting the relaxation time constants and Jacobi-determinants of deformations at transient transport processes. Finally, a new procedure for general description of coupled transport processes on the basis of the formalism originally developed for convection-free phenomena is presented by matrix analysis methods in the Fourier space.

关键词： convection binary mixtures relaxation time matrix polynomials

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Characteristics of indirect laser-induced plasma from a thin film of oil on a metallic substrate

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Frontiers of physics 2015年第2期10卷 115-123页

作者：修俊山白雪石 Vincent Motto-ros 俞进 Department of Sciences Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255049 China Institut Lumiere Matiere UMR5306 Universite Lyon 1-CNRS Universite de Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France

Optical emissions from the major and trace elements embodied in a transparent gel prepared from cooking oil were detected after the gel was spread in a thin film on a metallic substrate. Such emissions are due to the indirect breakdown of the coating layer. The generated plasma, a mixture of substances from the substrate, the layer, and the ambient gas, was characterized using emission spectroscopy. The characteristics of the plasma formed on the metal with and without the coating layer were investigated. The results showed that A1 emission induced from the aluminum substrates coated with oil films extends away from the target surface to ablate the oil film. This finally formed a bifurcating circulation of aluminum vapor against a spherical confinement wall in the front of the plume, which differed from the evolution of the plasma induced from the uncoated aluminum target. The strongest emissions of elements from the oil films can be observed at 2 mm above the target after a detection delay of 1.0μs. A high temperature zone has been observed in the plasma after the delay of 1.0 μs for the plasma induced from the coated metal. This higher temperature determined in the plasma allows the consideration of the sensitive detection of trace elements in liquids, gels, biological samples, or thin films.

关键词： indirect laser-induced plasma thin layer aluminum substrate higher temperature

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Hepatitis B viral infection and role of alcohol

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第35期28卷 5233-5236页

作者： Manuel Muro Aurelia Collados-ros Isabel Legaz Department of Immunology Clinical University HospitaĺVirgen de la Arrixaca-IMIB(Murcian Institute of Biomedical Investigation)Murcia 30120Spain Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine Biomedical Research Institute(IMIB)Regional Campus of International Excellence"Campus Mare Nostrum"Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Murcia(Spain)Universidad de MurciaEspinardo 30100MurciaSpain

End-stage liver disease is frequently caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) andalcohol consumption. Notably, the mechanism by which alcohol affects the courseof HBV-associated liver disease is unknown, and additional research is needed inthis area. A reduced immunological response, oxidative stress, endoplasmicreticulum stress, Golgi apparatus stress, and enhanced HBV replication are a fewpotential causes.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Alcohol Hepatocarcinoma Immunity Liver disease

Global epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第1期10卷 110-114页

作者： Carlos T. Da ros Caio da Silva Schmitt Urology Department Mae de Deus Hospital Porto Alegre RS 90450180 Brazil

Sexually transmitted diseases （STDs） are among the first ten causes of unpleasant diseases in young adult males in developing countries and the second major cause of unpleasant diseases in young adult women. Adolescents and young adults （15-24 years old） make up only 25% of the sexually active population, but represent almost 50% of all new acquired STDs. In general, STDs are epidemics and present an enormous health and economic consequences. An adequate screening for STDs should be done on a routine basis in every part of the world. Many STDs are asymptomatic and therefore can difficult to control. The purpose of reporting of STDs is to ensure that persons who are infected will be quickly diagnosed and appropriately treated to control the spread of infection and also so that partners are notified, tested and appropriately treated. It is estimated that reported cases of STDs represent only 50%-80% of reportable STD infections in the United States, reflecting limited screening and low disease reporting. High-risk sexual behavior is a highly contributive factor of this process as it often leads to teenage pregnancies and HIV/AIDS. One possible explanation for this behavior is that people do not have enough information about the transmission of STDs or ignore the precautions required for safe sex. Approximately 60% of new HIV infections worldwide occur in young people. The frequency of high-risk behaviors among youths may also be influenced by opportunity to engage in them, particularly the amount of time that they are unsupervised by adults. However, in diagnosing and treating these patients, we can effectively prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. Individuals infected with STDs are 5-10 times more likely than uninfected individuals to acquire or transmit HIV through sexual contact. The breaking of the genital tract lining or skin creates a portal of entry for HIV and, hence, HIV-infected individuals with other STDs are more likely to shed HIV in their genital secretions. T

关键词： sexually transmitted diseases safe sex condom young people