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Weight measurement using image-based pose analysis

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第12期18卷 1507-1512页

作者： robert J.Sclabassi Laboratory for Computational Neuroseience Departments of NeurosurgeryElectrical & Computer Engineeringand BioengineeringUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15213USA

Image-based gait analysis as a means of biometric identification has attracted much research *** of the existing methods focus on human identification,posture analysis and movement *** have been few investigations on measuring the carried load based on the carrier’s gait characteristics by automatic image ***,this measurement is very useful in a number of applications,such as the study of the carried load on the postural development of children and *** this paper,we inves- tigate how to automatically estimate the carried weight from a sequence of *** present a method to extract human gait silhouette based on an observation that humans tend to minimize the energy during *** compute several angles of body leaning and deter- mine the relationship of the carried weight,the leaning angles and the centroid location according to a human kinetic *** weight determination method has been verified successfully by experiments.

关键词： Image-based pose analysis Energy minimization Pattern recognition Load carrying measurement

Statistics of Evolving Populations and Their Relevance to Flood Risk

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Journal of Earth Science 2016年第1期27卷 2-8页

作者： robert E.Criss Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University in St.Louis

Statistical methods are commonly used to evaluate natural populations and environmental variables, yet these must recognize temporal trends in population character to be appropriate in an evolving world. New equations presented here define the statistical measures of aggregate historical populations affected by linear changes in population means and standard deviations. These can be used to extract the statistical character of present-day populations, needed to define modern variability and risk, from tables of historical data that are dominated by measurements made when conditions were different. As an example, many factors such as climate change and in-channel structures are causing flood levels to rise, so realistic estimation of future flood levels must take such secular changes into account. The new equations provide estimates of water levels for ＂100-year＂ floods in the USA Midwest that are 0.5 to 2 m higher than official calculations that routinely assume population stationarity. These equations also show that flood levels will continue to rise by several centimeters per year. This rate is nearly ten times faster than the rise of sea level, and thus represents one of the fastest and most damaging rates of change that is documented by robust data.

关键词： flood risk statistical theory Mississippi River.

A Study of Air/Space-borne Dual-Wavelength Radar for Estimation of Rain Profiles

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2005年第6期22卷 841-851页

作者： Liang LIAO robert MENEGHINI Goddard Earth Sciences ＆ Technology Center/Caelum Greenbelt MD 20771 Code 614.6 NASA/GSFC Greenbelt MD 20771

In this study, a framework is given by which air/space-borne dual-wavelength radar data can be used to estimate the characteristic parameters of hydrometeors. The focus of the study is on the Global Precipitation Measurement （GPM） precipitation radar, a dual-wavelength radar that will operate in the Ku （13.6 GHz） and Ka （35 GHz） bands. A key aspect of the retrievals is the relationship between the differential frequency ratio （DFR） and the median volume diameter, Do, and its dependence on the phase state of the hydrometeors. It is shown that parametric plots of Do and particle concentration in the plane of the DFR and the radar reflectivity factor in the Ku band can be used to reduce the ambiguities in deriving Do from DFR. A self-consistent iterative algorithm, which does not require the use of an independent pathattenuation constraint, is examined by applying it to the apparent radar reflectivity profiles simulated from a drop size distribution （DSD） model. For light to moderate rain, the self-consistent rain profiling approach converges to the correct solution only if the same shape factor of the Gamma distributions is used both to generate and retrieve the rain profiles. On the other hand, if the shape factors differ, the iteration generally converges but not to the correct solution. To further examine the dual-wavelength techniques, the selfconsistent iterative algorithm, along with forward and backward rain profiling algorithms, are applied to measurements taken from the 2nd generation Precipitation Radar （PR-2） built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Consistent with the model results, it is found that the estimated rain profiles are sensitive to the shape factor of the size distribution when the iterative, self-consistent approach is used but relatively insensitive to this parameter when the forward- and backward-constrained approaches are used.

关键词： rain rate dual-wavelength radar raindrop size distribution and GPM

Topography of spinal column and kidney receptors as illustrated by microsystem of the foot

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015年第3期35卷 329-334页

作者： Tadeusz Kasperczyk robert Walaszek Section of Physiotherapy and Biological Regeneration University School of Physical Education Department of Leisure and Biological Regeneration University School of Physical Education

OBJECTIVE:To test the accuracy of the distribution of reflective zones on the feet as proposed by William Fitzgerald using the spine and kidney receptors as reference ***:Spine and feet lengths were measured first along straight lines and then again,taking into consideration the anatomical *** spinal column was further measured with regard to its individual regions(cervical,thoracic,lumbar,sacrum-coccyx).Straight-line measurements were taken with the help of an *** that took into account all of the curves were performed with the opisometer(also known as a "map measurer").All the measurements were accurate to within 1 *** study subjects were a healthy,physically fit 16-year-old female student and a 53-year-old male office employee exposed to an average dose of physical ***:The kidney receptor in the foot did not reflect onto the predetermined lumbar section of the spinal column as measured along the straight line or with regard to ***,in both subjects the kidney receptor reflected onto the thoracic ***:Te particular level of the spinal cord that innervates the given organ controls the distribution of receptors of individual organs in the foot.

关键词： Reflexotherapy Microsystem of the foot Reflective zones

Is plate tectonics needed to evolve technological species on exoplanets?

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第4期7卷 573-580页

作者： robert J.Stern Geoscience Department University of Texas at Dallas

As we continue searching for exoplanets, we wonder if life and technological species capable of communicating with us exists on any of them. As geoscientists, we can also wonder how important is the presence or absence of plate tectonics for the evolution of technological species. This essay considers this question, focusing on tectonically active roclw （silicate） planets, like Earth, Venus, and Mars. The development of technological species on Earth provides key insights for understanding evolution on exoplanets, including the likely role that plate tectonics may play. An Earth-sized silicate planet is likely to experience several tectonic styles over its lifetime, as it cools and its lithosphere thickens, strengthens, and becomes denser. These include magma ocean, various styles of stagnant lid, and perhaps plate tectonics. Abundant liquid water favors both life and plate tectonics. Ocean is required for early evolution of diverse single-celled organisms, then colonies of cells which specialized further to form guts, ap- pendages, and sensory organisms up to the complexity of fish （central nervous system, appendages, eyes）. Large expanses of dry land also begin in the ocean, today produced above subduction zones in juvenile arcs and by their coalescence to form continents, although it is not clear that plate tectonics was required to create continental crust on Earth. Dry land of continents is required for further evolution of technological species, where modification of appendages for grasping and manipulating, and improve- ment of eyes and central nervous system could be perfected. These bioassets allowed intelligent crea- tures to examine the night sky and wonder, the beginning of abstract thinking, including religion and science. Technology arises from the exigencies of daily living such as tool-making, agriculture, clothing, and weapons, but the pace of innovation accelerates once it is allied with science. Finally, the importance of plate tectonics for devel

关键词： Plate tectonics Exoplanets Planetary science Intelligent life

Inhibition of sperm motility does not affect live-dead separation of bull sperm by glass beads

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2001年第3期3卷 193-198页

作者： robert H.Foote Department of Animal Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853-4801 USA

Aim: This study was designed to explore factors which influence binding of dead versus live sperm to glass ***: Multiple semen collections from bulls were used to explore selective filtration of bull sperm as influencedby nonlethal inhibition of sperm motility with fluoride, killing of sperm by quick-freezing, alteration of the glass sur-face with silicone, and different intervals of sexual rest between semen collections. Results: A comparison of glassspheres 100, 200 and 390μm in diameter indicated that 200 μm spheres were optimal for selective filtration. Quantita-tive separation of live from dead sperm was demonstrated with a correlation between the percentage of motile sperm andretention of sperm by the filter of r = -0.87 (P < 0.05). Up to 0.02 mol/L NaFl did not alter the proportion ofsperm retained by the filter despite inhibiting sperm motility during filtration, an inhibition which was reversible. Pro-portions of live-dead sperm, based upon eosin staining, were unaffected by fluoride. Coating the glass spheres with sil-icone greatly reduced selective filtration. Dead sperm adherence to glass was reduced and resistance to NaFl inhibitionwas increased by daily ejaculation versus one-week intervals of sexual rest. Conclusion; These studies indicate thatthe adherence of sperm to glass is primarily due to some form of physico-chemical change accompanying death of thesperm cell independent of active sperm motility. This attraction between the sperm plasma membrane and glass is modi-fied by the age of the ejaculated sperm. This information is useful in evaluating different clinical procedures used forsperm separation. (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3: 193-198)

关键词： sperm motility glass spere filters silicone fluorides inhibition

A Linearization Approach for Rational Nonlinear Models in Mathematical Physics

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2012年第4期57卷 530-540页

作者： robert A.Van Gorder Department of Mathematics University of Central FloridaP.O.Box 161364OrlandoFL 32816-1364USA

In this paper, a novel method for linearization of rational second order nonlinear models is discussed. In particular, we discuss an application of the 5 expansion method （created to deal with problems in Quantum Field Theory） which will enable both the linearization and perturbation expansion of such equations. Such a method allows for one to quickly obtain the order zero perturbation theory in terms of certain special functions which are governed by linear equations. Higher order perturbation theories can then be obtained in terms of such special functions. One benefit to such a method is that it may be applied even to models without small physical parameters, as the perturbation is given in terms of the degree of nonlinearity, rather than any physical parameter. As an application, we discuss a method of linearizing the six Painlev~ equations by an application of the method. In addition to highlighting the benefits of the method, we discuss certain shortcomings of the method.

关键词： perturbation method Painleve equations δ-expansion nonlinear differential equations

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: genes load the gun and repeated concussion pulls the trigger

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1963-1964页

作者： robert Vink Frances Corrigan Clinical and Health Sciences University of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia Adelaide Medical School University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia

The association between traumatic brain injury(TBI)and an increased risk of neurodegeneration has been recognized for some decades now(Faden and Loane,2015),with recent evidence suggesting that a history of TBI,either as repeated concussive/mild TBI insults typically experienced by some athletes or less commonly as a single moderate/severe injury,may be linked with an increased risk of developing a specific form of neurodegeneration known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy(CTE)(McKee et al.,2016).The pathognomonic lesions of CTE are hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates,initially in neurons and astrocytes close to blood vessels at the base of the sulci,but later spreading throughout the brain(McKee et al.,2016).Recent work has focused on developing diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome,the clinical disorder associated with CTE,which is thought to encompass cognitive impairment and/or neurobehavioral impairment characterized by explosiveness,impulsivity and emotional lability(Katz et al.,2021).

关键词： traumatic encephalopathy impairment

Support elements in conventional tunneling–Focus on long-term behavior

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Underground Space 2018年第4期3卷 277-287页

作者： robert Galler Stefan Lorenz Chair of Subsurface Engineering Department of Mineral Resources EngineeringMontanuniversita¨t LeobenP.O.Box 8700Erzherzog Johann Str.3LeobenAustria

Owing to increasing traffic and the need for constructing second tunnel tubes including corresponding cross-passages,where only one tube existed thus far,sampling of tunnel-lining materials with an age of 30–40 years has been made *** and in situ tests were carried out to evaluate the long-term effects of the tunnel *** paper presents the outcomes regarding the long-term behav-ior of support elements and membranes after performing strength tests on inner and outer lining concrete samples,flat jack tests,rock bolt tests,and tests on re-extracted sheet membranes,as well as ***,the interface connection mechanical behavior in a double-shell-lined tunnel was investigated with laboratory *** aim of this research was to determine the characteristics of sheet membranes and geotextiles in the case of reduced load-bearing capacity caused by degradation of the primary *** results provide information on the load-sharing effects of the interaction between the primary and secondary lining,depending on the waterproofing sheet membrane and geotextile *** on the results,conclusions for new design approaches for underground infrastructure construction can be formulated.

关键词： Tunnel lining Long-term behavior Concrete Sheet membrane Rock bolt Flat jack test In situ tests