Statistics of Evolving Populations and Their Relevance to Flood Risk

作     者：Robert E.Criss 

作者机构：Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University in St.Louis 

出 版 物：《Journal of Earth Science》 (地球科学学刊（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2016年第27卷第1期

页      面：2-8页

核心收录：

学科分类：083002[工学-环境工程] 0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 08[工学] 0708[理学-地球物理学] 0704[理学-天文学] 

主　　题：flood risk statistical theory Mississippi River. 

摘      要：Statistical methods are commonly used to evaluate natural populations and environmental variables, yet these must recognize temporal trends in population character to be appropriate in an evolving world. New equations presented here define the statistical measures of aggregate historical populations affected by linear changes in population means and standard deviations. These can be used to extract the statistical character of present-day populations, needed to define modern variability and risk, from tables of historical data that are dominated by measurements made when conditions were different. As an example, many factors such as climate change and in-channel structures are causing flood levels to rise, so realistic estimation of future flood levels must take such secular changes into account. The new equations provide estimates of water levels for ＂100-year＂ floods in the USA Midwest that are 0.5 to 2 m higher than official calculations that routinely assume population stationarity. These equations also show that flood levels will continue to rise by several centimeters per year. This rate is nearly ten times faster than the rise of sea level, and thus represents one of the fastest and most damaging rates of change that is documented by robust data.