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The Search for Putative Hits in Combating Leishmaniasis:The Contributions of natural Products over the Last Decade

natural Products and Bioprospecting 2021年第5期11卷 489-544页

作者： Patrick o.Sakyi Richard K.Amewu robert n.o.a.devine Emahi Ismaila Whelton A.Miller Samuel K.Kwofie Department of Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesCollege of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaP.O.BOX LG 56LegonAccraGhana Department of Chemical Sciences School of SciencesUniversity of Energy and Natural ResourcesBox 214SunyaniGhana Department of Medicine Loyola University Medical CenterMaywoodIL 60153USA Department of Molecular Pharmacology and neuroscience Loyola University Medical CenterMaywoodIL 60153USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Engineering SciencesCollege of Basic&Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaPMB LG 77LegonAccraGhana Department of Biochemistry Cell and Molecular BiologyWest African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious PathogensCollege of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaP.O.Box LG 54AccraGhana

Despite advancements in the areas of omics and chemoinformatics,potent novel biotherapeutic molecules with new modes of actions are needed for *** socioeconomic burden of leishmaniasis remains alarming in endemic ***,reports from existing endemic areas such as nepal,Iran,Brazil,India,Sudan and Afghanistan,as well as newly affected countries such as Peru,Bolivia and Somalia indicate concerns of chemoresistance to the classical antimonial *** a result,effective antileishmanial agents which are safe and affordable are urgently *** products from both flora and fauna have contributed immensely to chemotherapeutics and serve as vital sources of new chemical *** review focuses on a systematic cross-sectional view of all characterized anti-leishmanial compounds from natural sources over the last ***,IC_(50)/EC_(50),cytotoxicity and suggested mechanisms of action of some of these natural products are *** natural product classification includes alkaloids,terpenes,terpenoids,and *** plethora of reported mechanisms involve calcium channel inhibition,immunomodulation and *** avail-able enriched data pertaining to bioactivity and mechanisms of natural products complement current efforts geared towards unraveling potent leishmanicides of therapeutic relevance.

关键词： Chemotherapeutics Chemoinformatics natural products Cytotoxicity Leishmaniasis Phenotypic screening

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Taxonomic revision of the Savanna nightjar(Caprimulgus affinis)complex based on vocalizations reveals three species

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 526-533页

作者： George Sangster Kim Manzon Cancino robert o.Hutchinson naturalis Biodiversity Center Darwinweg 2PO Box 95172300 RA LeidenThe Netherlands n.Espino Street PoblacionBugallonPangasinanPhilip-pines Birdtour Asia Ltd 26 Sutton AvenueChellastonDerby DE736RJUK

Background:The Savanna nightjar(Caprimulgus affinis)is a widespread,polytypic species which was previously treated as two or three *** is currently treated as a single species based on superficial similarity of their songs but no detailed comparisons of the songs in this complex have been ***:A total of 15 acoustic variables were measured for the songs of 86 individuals representing 8 of the 10 subspecies in the ***:Three major groups can be distinguished based on univariate and multivariate analyses:a northern group consisting of the subspecies ***,*** and ***;a southern group consisting of ***,***,*** and ***;and a third group in the Philippines consisting of ***:It is here argued that these groups are best treated as species,and that Franklin's nightjar(***)and Kayumanggi nightjar(***)are reinstated as separate species.

关键词： Caprimulgidae Macrogeograpic variation Taxonomy Vocalizations

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Surgical management in pediatric neuroblastoma diagnosis and treatment:a 20-year,single-center experience

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第2期18卷 120-125页

作者： Brianna Spencer Akshilkumar Patel robert Cilley Christa n.Grant Department of Surgery Penn State Health Milton SHershey Medical Center500 University DriveHersheyPA 17033USA Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine HersheyPAUSA Division of Pediatric Surgery Penn State Health Milton SHershey Medical CenterHersheyPAUSA

Background The currently utilized International neuroblastoma Risk Group(InRG)staging system developed in 2009 uses image-defined risk factors as a measure of surgical risk,separating resectable neuroblastoma from those best preceded by *** previous International neuroblastoma Staging System was based primarily on surgical *** hypothesized there would be a change to the role of the surgeon in neuroblastoma treatment in the more recent *** This is a single center 20-year retrospective analysis of 104 patients with International Classification of Diseases-9 and-10 codes for *** demographics,tumor site,cancer treatment modality,survival,biopsy technique,surgical intervention,and pathology staging were *** was analyzed by analysis of variance(AnoVA)and Student’s t *** There was a decrease in open surgeries for extra-adrenal neuroblastomas in the later decade(77%,31%,P=0.01).There was a narrowing of the time interval to surgery in the later cohort,likely as a result of uniformity in surgical timing on treatment protocols relying on InRG *** our findings mirror changes in practice patterns *** found an increase in minimally invasive approaches but did not find a difference in the role of the surgeon under the InRG staging system.

关键词： International neuroblastoma Risk Group International neuroblastoma Staging System MYCn neuroblastoma Resection

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Tightening up the structure, lighting up the pathway:application of molecular constraints and light to manipulate protein folding, self-assembly and function

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Science China Chemistry 2014年第12期57卷 1615-1624页

作者： MARKIEWICZ Beatrice n. CULIK robert M. GAI Feng Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of Pennsylvania

Chemical cross-linking provides an effective avenue to reduce the conformational entropy of polypeptide chains and hence has become a popular method to induce or force structural formation in peptides and ***,other types of molecular constraints,especially photoresponsive linkers and functional groups,have also found increased use in a wide variety of ***,we provide a concise review of using various forms of molecular strategies to constrain proteins,thereby stabilizing their native states,gaining insight into their folding mechanisms,and/or providing a handle to trigger a conformational process of interest with *** applications discussed here cover a wide range of topics,ranging from delineating the details of the protein folding energy landscape to controlling protein assembly and function.

关键词： protein folding aggregation self-assembly cross-linker phototrigger light-activation

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Mercury photoreduction and photooxidation in lakes：Effects of filtration and dissolved organic carbon concentration

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 151-159页

作者： nelson J.o’Driscoll Emma Vost Erin Mann Sara Klapstein robert Tordon Matthew Lukeman Department of Earth & Environmental Science Acadia University Wolfville B4P 2R6 Nova Scotia Canada Environment Canada Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada Department of Chemistry Acadia University Wolfville B4P 2R6 Nova Scotia Canada

Mercury is a globally distributed, environmental contaminant. Quantifying the retention and loss of mercury is integral for predicting mercury-sensitive ecosystems. There is little information on how dissolved organic carbon（DoC） concentrations and particulates affect mercury photoreaction kinetics in freshwater lakes. To address this knowledge gap,samples were collected from ten lakes in Kejimkujik national Park, nova Scotia（DoC： 2.6–15.4 mg/L）. Filtered（0.2 μm） and unfiltered samples were analysed for gross photoreduction, gross photooxidation, and net reduction rates of mercury using pseudo first-order curves. Unfiltered samples had higher concentrations（p = 0.04） of photoreducible divalent mercury（Hg（II）RED）（mean of 754 ± 253 pg/L） than filtered samples（mean of 482 ± 206 pg/L）;however, gross photoreduction and photooxidation rate constants were not significantly different in filtered or unfiltered samples in early summer. DoC was not significantly related to gross photoreduction rate constants in filtered（R2= 0.43; p = 0.08） and unfiltered（R2= 0.02; p = 0.71） samples; DoC was also not significantly related to gross photooxidation rate constants in filtered or unfiltered samples. However, DoC was significantly negatively related with Hg（Ⅱ）RED in unfiltered（R2= 0.53; p = 0.04）, but not in filtered samples（R2= 0.04;p = 0.60）. These trends indicate that DoC is a factor in determining dissolved mercury photoreduction rates and particles partially control available Hg（Ⅱ）RED in lake water. This research also demonstrates that within these lakes gross photoreduction and photooxidation processes are close to being in balance. Changes to catchment inputs of particulate matter and DoC may alter mercury retention in these lakes and could partially explain observed increases of mercury accumulation in biota.

关键词： Mercury Photoreduction Photooxidation Dissolved organic carbon(DoC) Particulates Kejimkujik national Park

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Global and Euro Imbalances:China and Germany

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China & World Economy 2014年第1期22卷 1-29页

作者： Guonan Ma robert n.McCauley Bank for International Settlements Representative office for Asia and the Pacific Monetary and Economic Department Bank for International Settlements

We analyze global and euro area imbalances by focusing on China and Germany as large surplus and creditor countries. In the 2000s, domestic reforms expanded the effective labor force, restrained wages, shifted income toward profits and increased corporate saving. As a result, the Chinese and German current account surpluses widened, and that of Germany has proven more persistent, with subdued domestic investment. China is an early-stage creditor, holding a short equity position and a longposition in safe debt. Germany＇s balanced net debt and equity claims mark it as a mature creditor thatprovides insurance to the rest of the world. China pays to lay off equity risk, while Germany, by contrast, harvests a moderate yield on its net claims. In both economies, the shortfall of the net international investment position from cumulated current account surpluses arises from exchange rate changes, asymmetric valuation gains, and, in Germany＇s case, credit losses.

关键词： current account distribution of income global imbalances international investment saving and investment

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Syntheses of DL-threo-Thiamphenicol via Green oxidation

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2006年第5期22卷 602-605页

作者： LIU Kai robert Franzén YU Xiao-jing ZHAnG Jun XU You-jun School of Pharmaceutical Engineering Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China Institute of Materials Chemistry Tampere University of Technology Korkeakoulunkatu 8 FIN-33720 Tampere Finland

Four methyl aryl thioethers related to thiamphenicol syntheses and methyl phenyl sulfide were cleanly oxidized into methyl sulfones in high to excellent yields via catalytic green oxidation with aqueous hydrogen peroxide in combination with sodium tungstate. When the same reactions were similarly performed in the absence of the catalyst, the corresponding sulfoxides could be obtained. This viable synthetic approach for the synthesis of DL-threo-thiamphenicol is a simple procedure, which has an economic advantage in view of its application for the large-scale synthesis because it can be carried out under mild conditions.

关键词： Green oxidation Hydrogen peroxide Sodium tungstate Thiamphenicol

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Effects of noise on fishes: What we can learn from humans and birds

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第1期10卷 29-37页

作者： robert J.DooLInG Marjorie R.LEEK Arthur n.PoPPER Department of Psychology University of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA national Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research PortlandVA Medical CenterPortlandOregonUSA Department of Biology University of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA

In this paper we describe the masking of pure tones in humans and birds by manmade noises and show that similar ideas can be applied when considering the potential effects of noise on fishes,as well as other aquatic *** from many studies on humans and birds,both in the field and in the laboratory,show that published critical ratios can be used to predict the masked thresholds for pure tones when maskers consist of complex manmade and natural *** argue from these data that a single,simple measure,the species critical ratio,can be used to estimate the effect of manmade environmental noises on the perception of communication and other biologically relevant *** also reason that if this principle holds for species as diverse as humans and birds,it probably also applies for all other vertebrates,including fishes.

关键词： behavior communication manmade noise masking sound

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The MYC transcription factor network： balancing metabolism, proliferation and oncogenesis

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Frontiers of Medicine 2018年第4期12卷 412-425页

作者： Patrick A. Carroll Brian W. Freie Haritha Mathsyaraja robert n. Eisenman Division of Basic Sciences Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 1100 Fairview Ave. N. Seattle WA 90109 USA

Transcription factor networks have evolved in order to control, coordinate, and separate, the functions of distinct network modules spatially and temporally. In this review we focus on the MYC network （also known as the MAX-MLX network）, a highly conserved super-family of related basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper （bHLHZ） proteins that functions to integrate extracellular and intracellular signals and modulate global gene expression. Importantly the MYC network has been shown to be deeply involved in a broad spectrum of human and other animal cancers. Here we summarize molecular and biological properties of the network modules with emphasis on functional interactions among network members. We suggest that these network interactions serve to modulate growth and metabolism at the transcriptional level in order to balance nutrient demand with supply, to maintain growth homeostasis, and to influence cell fate. Moreover, oncogenic activation of MYC and/or loss of a MYC antagonist, results in an imbalance in the activity of the network as a whole, leading to tumor initiation, progression and maintenance.

关键词： network transcription cancer MYC MAX MLX

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Impact of exome sequencing in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第40期19卷 6721-6729页

作者： Christopher J Cardinale Judith R Kelsen robert n Baldassano Hakon Hakonarson Center for Applied Genomics Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaAbramson Research Center Suite 1216PhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionDepartment of PediatricsChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States

Approaches to understanding the genetic contribution to inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)have continuously evolved from family-and population-based epidemiology,to linkage analysis,and most recently,to genome-wide association studies(GWAS).The next stage in this evolution seems to be the sequencing of the exome,that is,the regions of the human genome which encode *** GWAS approach has been very fruitful in identifying at least 163 loci as being associated with IBD,and now,exome sequencing promises to take our genetic understanding to the next *** this review we will discuss the possible contributions that can be made by an exome sequencing approach both at the individual patient level to aid with disease diagnosis and future therapies,as well as in advancing knowledge of the pathogenesis of IBD.

关键词： Sequencing Exome Genetics Inflammatory bowel disease

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