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Thermal stability of the cr-coated zirconium alloy microstructure prepared by pulsed laser deposition

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 333-341页

作者： Bo Li Hui-Long Yang reuben Holmes Li-Juan cui Sho Kano Hiroaki Abe Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management The University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan School of Nuclear Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Nuclear Professional School The University of TokyoIbaraki 319-1188Japan

cr-coated zirconium alloy was prepared by pulsed laser deposition(PLD)for the application of accident-tolerant fuel cladding in light water reactors.The microstructural characteristics of the cr coating and its evolution with temperature were investigated using grazing incidence X-ray diff raction and in situ heating transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results show that the microstructure of the laser-deposited cr coatings consists mainly of fine and non-specific shaped nano-crystals in the inner layer and columnar crystals in the outer layer.The recrystallization of the cr-coating layer starts at 300–400℃ to release the high strain introduced by PLD,and the grain coalescence starts at temperatures>400°c.Upon annealing,the(110)-texture gradually intensifi es because of its high reticular density and low close-packed energy.Additionally,in situ heating TEM observation shows the presence of cavities on the cr–Zr interface,which may result from the interdiff usion and/or the transformation from amorphous to crystalline.

关键词： Accident tolerant fuel crcoating Interface Microstructure Pulsed laser deposition

A One Health approach to fight antimicrobial resistance in Uganda: Implementation experience, results, and lessons learned

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第2期6卷 125-132页

作者： reuben Kiggundu J.P.Waswa Niranjan Konduri Hassan Kasuja Marion Murungi Patrick Vudriko Harriet Akello Eric Lugada cecilia Muiva Esther Were Dinah Tjipura Henry Kajumbula Kate Kikule Emmanuel Nfor Mohan P.Joshi USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthArlingtonVA 22203USA college of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and BiosecurityMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda Ministry of Health Uganda Kampala 256Uganda USAID Strengthening Supply chain Systems Activity Management Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthNairobi 254Kenya Department of Microbiology College of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda

Uganda has been implementing the Global Health Security Agenda(GHSA)since 2015 to build its capacity according to World Health Organization(WHO)Benchmarks on International Health Regulations capacities.The country remains prone to outbreaks,with more than 2o disease outbreaks reported in the past five years,including Ebola virus disease,crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever,Marburg haemorrhagic fever,measles,yel-low fever,coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19),and cholera.Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is an ongoing challenge.Uganda scored capacity level 3 on infection prevention and control(IPc)and antimicrobial steward-ship(AMS)in the 2017 Joint External Evaluation(JEE)assessment.Identified gaps were being addressed after a self-assessment in 2021.This paper describes the technical assistance approaches provided to Uganda by the Medicines,Technologies,and Pharmaceutical Services Program,funded by the United States(U.S.)Agency for International Development,and implemented by Management Sciences for Health.The program,through a One Health approach,supported systematic capacity strengthening based on the JEE's capacity advancement framework for global health security,specifically relating to AMR.The program's interventions impacted 32 WHO benchmark actions(7 for AMR multisectoral coordination,16 for IPc,and 9 for AMS),contributing to Uganda's strengthened GHSA capacity.Leveraging success built on the AMR platform,the program trained 745 health workers in IPc for the Ebola virus and provided support for simulation exercises by eight district IPc teams.The program also worked with the Ministry of Health to coordinate IPc for the cOVID-19 response in five health regions,covering 45 districts and reaching 5,452 health workers at 858 health facilities.2024 chinese Medical Association Publishing House.Published by Elsevier BV.

关键词： One health Antimicrobial resistance Antibiotic resistance Jointexternal evaluation Global health security Uganda Africa WHO Benchmarks for International Health Regulations capacities

Oryzalexin S biosynthesis:a cross-stitched disappearing pathway

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aBIOTEcH 2023年第1期4卷 1-7页

作者： Le Zhao Richard Oyagbenro Yiling Feng Meimei Xu reuben J.Peters Roy J.carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA

Rice produces many diterpenoid phytoalexins and,reflecting the importance of these natural products in this important cereal crop plant,its genome contains three biosynthetic gene clusters(BGcs)for such metabolism.The chromosome 4 BGc(c4BGc)is largely associated with momilactone production,in part due to the presence of the initiating syn-copalyl diphosphate(cPP)synthase gene(OscPS4).Oryzalexin S is also derived from syn-cPP.However,the relevant subsequently acting syn-stemarene synthase gene(OsKSL8)is not located in the c4BGc.Production of oryzalexin S further requires hydroxylation at carbons 2 and 19(c2 and c19),presumably catalyzed by cytochrome P450(cYP)monooxygenases.Here it is reported the closely related cYP99A2 and cYP99A3,whose genes are also found in the c4BGc catalyze the necessary c19-hydroxylation,while the closely related cYP71Z21 and cYP71Z22,whose genes are found in the recently reported chromosome 7 BGc(c7BGc),catalyze subsequent hydroxylation at c2α.Thus,oryzalexin S biosynthesis utilizes two distinct BGcs,in a pathway cross-stitched together by OsKSL8.Notably,in contrast to the widely conserved c4BGc,the c7BGc is subspecies(ssp.)specific,being prevalent in ssp.japonica and only rarely found in the other major ssp.indica.Moreover,while the closely related syn-stemodene synthase OsKSL11 was originally considered to be distinct from OsKSL8,it has now been reported to be a ssp.indica derived allele at the same genetic loci.Intriguingly,more detailed analysis indicates that OsKSL8(j)is being replaced by OsKSL11(OsKSL8i),suggesting introgression from ssp.indica to(sub)tropical japonica,with concurrent disappearance of oryzalexin S production.

关键词： Biosynthetic gene clusters Phytoalexins Diterpenoids Rice evolution

Indigenous microbiota protects development of medication-related osteonecrosis induced by periapical disease in mice

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International Journal of Oral Science 2022年第2期14卷 156-163页

作者： Wen Du Mengyu Yang Terresa Kim Sol Kim Drake W.Williams Maryam Esmaeili christine Hong Ki-Hyuk Shin Mo K.Kang No-Hee Park reuben H.Kim State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National clinical Research center for Oral Diseases&Department of Prosthodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research Los AngelesUSA Section of Restorative Dentistry UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesUSA Department of Orofacial Sciences UCSF School of DentistrySan FranciscoUSA UcLA Jonsson comprehensive cancer center Los AngelesUSA David Geffen School of Medicine at UcLA Los AngelesUSA

Bacterial infection is a common finding in patients,who develop medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw(MRONJ)by the longterm and/or high-dose use of anti-resorptive agents such as bisphosphonate(BPs).However,pathological role of bacteria in MRONJ development at the early stage remains controversial.Here,we demonstrated that commensal microbiota protects against MRONJ development in the pulp-exposed periapical periodontitis mouse model.c57/BL6 female mice were treated with intragastric broadspectrum antibiotics for 1 week.Zoledronic acid(ZOL)through intravenous injection and antibiotics in drinking water were administered for throughout the experiment.Pulp was exposed on the left maxillary first molar,then the mice were left for 5 weeks after which bilateral maxillary first molar was extracted and mice were left for additional 3 weeks to heal.All mice were harvested,and cecum,maxilla,and femurs were collected.ONJ development was assessed usingμcT and histologic analyses.When antibiotic was treated in mice,these mice had no weight changes,but developed significantly enlarged ceca compared to the control group(cTL mice).Periapical bone resorption prior to the tooth extraction was similarly prevented when treated with antibiotics,which was confirmed by decreased osteoclasts and inflammation.ZOL treatment with pulp exposure significantly increased bone necrosis as determined by empty lacunae and necrotic bone amount.Furthermore,antibiotics treatment could further exacerbate bone necrosis,with increased osteoclast number.Our findings suggest that the commensal microbiome may play protective role,rather than pathological role,in the early stages of MRONJ development.

关键词： protective finding antibiotics

A new computational approach for modeling diffusion tractography in the brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第1期12卷 23-26页

作者： Harsha T.Garimella reuben H.Kraft Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA

computational models provide additional tools for studying the brain,however,many techniques are currently disconnected from each other.There is a need for new computational approaches that span the range of physics operating in the brain.In this review paper,we offer some new perspectives on how the embedded element method can fill this gap and has the potential to connect a myriad of modeling genre.The embedded element method is a mesh superposition technique used within finite element analysis.This method allows for the incorporation of axonal fiber tracts to be explicitly represented.Here,we explore the use of the approach beyond its original goal of predicting axonal strain in brain injury.We explore the potential application of the embedded element method in areas of electrophysiology,neurodegeneration,neuropharmacology and mechanobiology.We conclude that this method has the potential to provide us with an integrated computational framework that can assist in developing improved diagnostic tools and regeneration technologies.

关键词： embedded elements finite element analysis computational biomechanics explicit axonal fiber tracts neural regeneration diffusion tractography

Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Phytoplankton in Relation to Physico-chemical Parameters in Adjin Lagoon, Abidjan, côte d’Ivoire, West Africa

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2023年第10期15卷 509-525页

作者： Kandana Marthe Yéo Koffi Komoé Estelle Sévérine Konan Droh Lanciné Goné Ecology Research center University Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Department of Botany University Felix Houphou&eumlt Boigny-Abidjan Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Oceanology Research center BP V 18 Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Laboratory of Geosciences and Environment University Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire

Investigations were carried out on spatial and seasonal composition, distribution and abundance of phytoplankton in Adjin lagoon located in south-eastern of côte d’Ivoire. Samples were collected at six stations during the four seasons in 2013 year. Freshwater inflow from Bété, Djibi and Mé Rivers influenced the variability of nutrients concentration in this lagoon. From a seasonal point of view, the parameters studied are significantly affected by freshwater inputs during the rainy season. This period is characterized by high values of turbidity, suspended solids and nutrients in the water. Overall, 66 taxa from six phyla were recorded. The chlorophyta had the highest species diversity and cyanobacteria had the highest relative abundance throughout the year. The temporal distribution of phytoplankton showed that the highest values of density were recorded in the long rainy season and the lowest values in the long dry season. Spatially, the highest abundance (297,927 × 103 cells·L-1) of phytoplankton was found in station 3 and the lowest (74,222 × 103 cells·L-1) in the station 5.

关键词： Adjin Lagoon Distribution Diversity Phytoplankton Nutrients

Inhibition of SIRT6 in prostate cancer reduces cell viability and increases sensitivity to chemotherapeutics

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Protein & cell 2013年第9期4卷 702-710页

作者： Yewei Liu Qian reuben Xie Boshi Wang Jiaxiang Shao Tingting Zhang Tengyuan Liu Gang Huang Weiliang Xia School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China De partment of Nuclear Medicine Renji HospitalSh anghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China c linical Stem cell center Renji HospitalSh anghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China

SI RT6 is an important histone modifying protein that regulates DNA repair,telomere maintenance,energy me-tabolism,and target gene expression.Recently SIRT6 has been identifi ed as a tumor suppressor and is down-regulated in certain cancer types,but not in other can-cers.From deposited gene profi ling studies we found that SIRT6 was overexpressed in prostate tumors,compared with normal or paratumor prostate tissues.Tissue micro-array studies confi rmed the higher levels of SIRT6 in both prostate tumor tissues and prostate cancer cells than in their normal counterparts.Knockdown of SIRT6 in human prostate cancer cells led to sub-G1 phase arrest of cell cy-cle,increased apoptosis,elevated DNA damage level and decrease in BcL2 gene expression.Moreover,SIRT6-de-fi ciency reduced cell viability and enhanced chemothera-peutics sensitivity.Taken together,this study provides the fi rst evidence of SIRT6 overexpression in human prostate cancer,and SIRT6 regulation could be exploited for pros-tate cancer therapy.

关键词： SI RT6 overexpression prostate cancer th erapy

Proinflammatory cytokine TNFα promotes HPV-associated oral carcinogenesis by increasing cancer stemness

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International Journal of Oral Science 2020年第1期12卷 40-49页

作者： Hannah SHong Jonathan Akhavan Sung Hee Lee reuben HKim Mo KKang No-Hee Park Ki-Hyuk Shin The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesCAUSA UcLA Jonsson comprehensive cancer center Los AngelesCAUSA Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA

High-risk human papillomaviruses(HPVs) are involved in the development of several human cancers, including oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. However, many studies have demonstrated that HPV alone is not sufficient for the oncogenic transformation of normal human epithelial cells, indicating that additional cofactors are required for the oncogenic conversion of HPV-infected cells. Inasmuch as chronic inflammation is also closely associated with carcinogenesis, we investigated the effect of chronic exposure to tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα), the major proinflammatory cytokine, on oncogenesis in two immortalized oral keratinocyte cell lines, namely, HPV16-immortalized and human telomerase reverse transcriptase(h TERT)-immortalized cells. TNFαtreatment led to the acquisition of malignant growth properties in HPV16-immortalized cells, such as(1) calcium resistance,(2)anchorage independence, and(3) increased cell proliferation in vivo. Moreover, TNFα increased the cancer stem cell-like population and stemness phenotype in HPV16-immortalized cells. However, such transforming effects were not observed in h TERTimmortalized cells, suggesting an HPV-specific role in TNFα-promoted oncogenesis. We also generated h TERT-immortalized cells that express HPV16 E6 and E7. chronic TNFα exposure successfully induced the malignant growth and stemness phenotype in the E6-expressing cells but not in the control and E7-expressing cells. We further demonstrated that HPV16 E6 played a key role in TNFα-induced cancer stemness via suppression of the stemness-inhibiting micro RNAs mi R-203 and mi R-200 c. Overexpression of mi R-203 and mi R-200 c suppressed cancer stemness in TNFα-treated HPV16-immortalized cells. Overall, our study suggests that chronic inflammation promotes cancer stemness in HPV-infected cells, thereby promoting HPV-associated oral carcinogenesis.

关键词： carcinogenesis cytokine cancer

Long term follow-up of a family with GUcY2D dominant cone dystrophy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第12期11卷 1945-1950页

作者： Georgios Tsokolas Hussein Almuhtaseb Helen Griffiths Fatima Shawkat reuben J.Pengelly Sarah Ennis Andrew Lotery clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Southampton Eye Unit University Hospital Southampton Human Genetics & Genomic Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton

AIM: To describe long term follow-up in a family with GUcY2D dominant cone dystrophy. METHODS: Optical coherence tomography scans and fundus autofluorescence images were obtained. Flash and pattern electroretinograms(ERGs) and occipital pattern reversal visual evoked potentials were recorded. RESULTS: Two members of the same family(father and son) were identified to have the heterozygous R838 c mutation in the GUcY2D gene. The father presented at the age of 45 with bilateral bull’s eye maculopathy and temporal disc pallor. Over 13 y of serial follow up visits, the bull’s eye maculopathy progressed gradually into macular atrophy. Electrophysiological tests were significantly degraded suggesting poor macular function. Spectraldomain optical coherence tomography(SD-OcT) scans showed progressive loss and disruption of the ellipsoid layer at the foveal level. His son presented at the age of 16 with bilateral granular retinal pigment epithelial changes in both maculae. Electrophysiological testing was initially borderline normal but has gradually deteriorated to show reduced cone ERGs and macula function. SD-OcT demonstrated gradual macular thinning and atrophy bilaterally. Unlike his father, there was no disruption of the ellipsoid layer.cONcLUSION: Both family members exhibited gradual changes in their fundi, electrophysiological testing and multimodal imaging. changes were milder than those observed in other mutations of the same gene.

关键词： autofluorescence electroretinogram cone dystrophy cone-rod dystrophy GUcY2D spectral-domain optical coherence tomography visual evoked potential