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Vole preference of bilberry along gradients of simulated moose density and site productivity

Integrative Zoology 2011年第4期6卷 341-351页

作者： Simen PEDERSEN Harry P.ANDREASSEN Inga-Lill PERSSON riitta julkunen-tiitto Kjell DANELL Christina SKARPE Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Hedmark University CollegeKoppangNorway Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway Department of Wildlife Fish and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden Department of Biology University of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland

Browsing by large herbivores might either increase or decrease preference for the plant by other herbivores,depending on the plant *** a cafeteria test,we studied the preference by root voles(Microtus oeconomus[Pallas,1776])for bilberry(Vaccinium myrtillus L.)previously subjected to 4 levels of simulated moose(Alces alces[Linnaeus,1758])*** different levels of moose density were simulated at population densities relevant for Fennoscandian conditions,in exclosures situated along a site productivity *** expected:(i)voles to prefer bilberry from high productivity sites over low productivity sites;(ii)voles to prefer browsed bilberry,if plants allocate resources to compensatory growth or to avoid browsed bilberry if plants allocate resources to defense;(iii)these effects to increase with increasing simulated moose density;and(iv)the concentration of plant chemicals and the plant morphology to explain vole ***,we predicted that voles would prefer:(i)plants with high nitrogen content;(ii)plants with low content of defensive substances;and(iii)tall plants with long *** preferred bilberry from the high productivity sites compared to the low productivity *** also found an interaction between site productivity and simulated moose density,where voles preferred unbrowsed plants at low productivity sites and intermediate levels of browsing at high productivity *** was no effect of plant chemistry or morphology on vole *** conclude that moose browsing impacts the food preference of *** the current high densities of moose in Fennoscandia,this could potentially influence vole food selection and population dynamics over large geographical areas.

关键词： browsing cervid herbivory induced defense Microtus

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Effects of Rising Temperature on Secondary Compounds of Yeheb (<i>Cordeauxia edulis</i>Hemsley)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第5期5卷 517-527页

作者： Meseret C. Egigu Mohamed A. Ibrahim Johanna Riikonen Asha Yahya Toini Holopainen riitta julkunen-tiitto Jarmo K. Holopainen Department of Biology Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Department of Biology University of Eastern Finland Joen-suu Finland Department of Crop Production Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Uppsala Sweden Department of Environmental Science University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Campus Kuopio Finland The Finnish Forest Research Institute Suonenjoki Finland

The effects of temperature on net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, emission of foliar volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and phenolics were investigated after exposing Cordeauxia edulis seedlings to control (27/19°C) and three levels of elevated (32/23, 37/27, or 42/31°C) day/night temperature regimes in controlled growth chambers. Emissions of foliar VOC were measured on 7th and 14th day (d) of exposures, whereas net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were measured on the 8th and 15th d. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were not significantly affected by elevated temperatures. Emission rate of isoprene increased by 4-fold with 10°C rise from the control on 7th d of exposure. Emission rates of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and total isoprenoids increased to 2-5-fold higher than that of control plants with 5°C rise. Foliar isoprene emission peaked at daytime maximum of 37°C and the mono- and sesquiterpenes at 32°C. Few individual foliar phenolics, and total foliar phenolics showed significant concentration differences between treatments. Although high VOC emissions under warming appeared to help plants to sustain abiotic stresses, arid/semi-arid species might substantially release highly reactive compounds that affect atmospheric chemistry. Hence, more studies are required on plant species of arid/semi-arid ecosystems of Africa to estimate the emission patterns and their role in atmospheric chemistry under the predicted future atmospheric warming.

关键词： Cordeauxia edulis Climatic Warming Elevated Temperature Gas Exchange Isoprenoids Phenolics

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Probiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris and Streptococcus thermophilus induce IL-12 and IFN-γ production

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第8期14卷 1192-1203页

作者： Riina A Kekkonen Elina Kajasto Minja Miettinen Ville Veckman riitta Korpela Ilkka julkunen University of Helsinki Institute of Biomedicine Pharmacology PO Box 63 Helsinki 00014 Finland Valio Ltd Research Centre Meijeritie 4 00370 Helsinki Finland National Public Health Institute Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology Mannerheimintie 166 Helsinki 00300 Finland University of Helsinki Institute of Biomedicine Pharmacology PO Box 63 Helsinki 00014 Finland Foundation for Nutrition Research PO Box 30 Valio 00039 Finland Valio Ltd Research Centre Meijeritie 4 00370 Helsinki

AIM： To investigate the capacity of potentially probiotic strains from six bacterial genera to induce cytokine production alone or in combinations in order to identify potential enhancing or synergistic effects in order to select probiotic bacteria for in vivo purposes.METHODS： Cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） in response to stimulation with eleven different potentially probiotic bacterial strains from Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus, L euconostoc a n d Propionibacterium genera was analysed. Production and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-y and IL-10 were determined by ELISA and Northern blotting, respectively.RESULTS： All tested bacteria induced TNF-α production. The best inducers of Thl type cytokines IL-12 and IFN-y were Streptococcus and Leuconostoc strains. All BiHdobacterium and Propionibacterium strains induced higher IL-IO production than other studied bacteria. Stimulation of PBMC with any bacterial combinations did not result in enhanced cytokine production suggesting that different bacteria whether gram-positive or gram- negative compete with each other during host cell interactions.CONCLUSION： The probiotic S. thermophilus and Leuconostoc strains are more potent inducers of Thl type cytokines IL-12 and IFN-γ than the probiotic Lactobacillus strains. Bacterial combinations did not result in enhanced cytokine production.

关键词： Probiotics Streptococcus Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium lactococcus leuconostoc Propionibacterium Immune response Cytokines Mononuclear cells

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Potentially probiotic bacteria induce efficient maturation but differential cytokine production in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第36期14卷 5570-5583页

作者： Sinikka Latvala Taija E Pietil Ville Veckman Riina A Kekkonen Soile Tynkkynen riitta Korpela Ilkka julkunen Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology National Public Health Institute Mannerheimintie 166 Helsinki00300 Finland Pharmacology Instituteof Biomedicine University of Helsinki PO Box 63 Helsinki00014 Finland Research Center Valio Ltd Meijeritie 4 Helsinki 00370Finland

AIM： To analyze the ability of nine different potentially probiotic bacteria to induce maturation and cytokine production in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells （moDCs）. METHODS： Cytokine production and maturation of moDCs in response to bacterial stimulation was analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and flow cytometric analysis （FACS）, respectively. The kinetics of mRNA expression of cytokine genes was determined by Northern blotting. The involvement of different signaling pathways in cytokine gene expression was studied using specific pharmacological signaling inhibitors. RESULTS： All studied bacteria induced the maturation of moDCs in a dose-dependent manner. More detailed analysis with S. thermophilus THS, B. breve Bb99, and L. lactis subsp, cremoris ARH74 indicated that these bacteria induced the expression of moDC maturation markers HLA class Ⅱ and CD86 as efficiently as pathogenic bacteria. However, these bacteria differed in their ability to induce moDC cytokine gene expression. S. thermophilus induced the expression of pro-inflammatory （TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, and CCL20） and Thl type （IL-12 and IFN-γ） cytokines, while B. breve and L. lactis were also potent inducers of antiinflammatory IL-10. Mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） p38, phosphatidylinositol 3 （PI3） kinase, and nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathways were shown to be involved in bacteria-induced cytokine production. CONCLUSION： Our results indicate that potentially probiotic bacteria are able to induce moDC maturation, but their ability to induce cytokine gene expression varies significantly from one bacterial strain to another,

关键词： Probiotic bacteria Immune response Cytokine Chemokine Dendritic cell Human Gene expression Signal transduction

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Even low-grade inflammation impacts on small intestinal function

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第9期16卷 1057-1062页

作者： Katri Peuhkuri Heikki Vapaatalo riitta Korpela Institute of Biomedicine University of Helsinki Netnut Nutrition Information Services Company Valio Research Centre PO Box 30FI-00039 HelsinkiFinland

Independent of the cause and location,inflammation-even when minimal-has clear effects on gastrointestinal morphology and *** result in altered digestion,absorption and barrier *** is evidence of reduced villus height and crypt depth,increased permeability,as well as altered sugar and peptide absorption in the small intestine after induction of inflammation in experimental models,which is supported by some clinical *** of inflammatory factors which may promote the process of gastrointestinal dysfunction as well as clinical research to verify experimental observations of inflammatory modulation of gastrointestinal function are ***,nutritional strategies to support functional restitution are needed.

关键词： Small intestine Digestion Absorption Motility Permeability Low-grade inflammation Cytokines

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Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG intervention on global serum lipidomic profiles in healthy adults

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第20期14卷 3188-3194页

作者： Riina A Kekkonen Marko Sysi-Aho Tuulikki Seppnen-Laakso Ilkka julkunen Heikki Vapaatalo Matej Orei riitta Korpela University of Helsinki Institute of Biomedicine Pharmacology University of Helsinki VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland National Public Health Institute Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology

AIM: To investigate the effect of three weeks’ intervention with a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) bacteria on global serum lipidomic profiles and evaluate whether the changes in inflammatory variables (CRP, TNF-α and IL-6) are reflected in the global lipidomic profiles of healthy adults. METHODS: We performed UPLC/MS-based global lipidomic platform analysis of serum samples (n = 26) in a substudy of a randomised, double-blind, placebo- controlled 3-wk clinical intervention trial investigating the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in healthy adults. RESULTS: A total of 407 lipids were identified, corresponding to 13 different lipid classes. Serum samples showed decreases in the levels of lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoGPCho), sphingomyelins (SM) and several glycerophosphatidylcholines (GPCho), while triacylglycerols (TAG) were mainly increased in the probiotic LGG group during the intervention. Among the inflammatory variables, IL-6 was moderatelyassociated by changes in global lipidomic profiles, with the top-ranked lipid associated with IL-6 being the proinflammatory LysoGPCho (20:4). There was a weak association between the lipidomic profiles and the two other inflammatory markers, TNF-α and CRP. CONCLUSION: This was the first study to investigate the effects of probiotic intervention on global lipidomic profiles in humans. There are indications that probiotic LGG intervention may lead to changes in serum global lipid profiles, as reflected in decreased GPCho, LysoGPCho and SM as well as mainly increased TAG.

关键词： Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Lipidomic Inflammatory mediators Healthy adults

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Probiotic intervention has strain-specific anti-inflammatory effects in healthy adults

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第13期14卷 2029-2036页

作者： Riina A Kekkonen Netta Lummela Heli Karjalainen Sinikka Latvala Soile Tynkkynen Salme Jrvenp Hannu Kautiainen Ilkka julkunen Heikki Vapaatalo riitta Korpela University of Helsinki Institute of Biomedicine Pharmacology PO Box 63 00014 Helsinki Finland and Valio Ltd Research Centre Meijeritie 4 Helsinki 00370 Finland Valio LtdResearch Centre Meijeritie 4 Helsinki 00370 Finland National Public Health Institute Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology Mannerheimintie 166 Helsinki 00300 Finland Medcare Foundation nekoski Finland University of Helsinki Institute of Biomedicine Pharmacology PO Box 63 Helsinki 00014 Finland

AIM： To evaluate the effects of three potentially anti-inflammatory probiotic bacteria from three different genera on immune variables in setting based on previous in cytokine responses. healthy adults in a clinical vitro characterization of METHODS： A total of 62 volunteers participated in this randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled parallel group intervention study. The volunteers were randomized to receive a milk-based drink containing either Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG （LGG）, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 （Bb12）, or Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS （PJS） or a placebo drink for 3 wk. Venous blood and saliva samples were taken at baseline and on d 1, 7 and 21. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and at the end of intervention. RESULTS： The serum hsCRP expressed as the median AUC0-21 （minus baseline） was 0.018 mg/L in the placebo group, -0.240 mg/L in the LGG group, 0.090 mg/L in the Bb12 group and -0.085 mg/L in the PJS group （P = 0.014）. In vitro production of TNF-α from in vitro cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） was significantly lower in subjects receiving LGG vs placebo. IL-2 production from PBMC in the Bb12 group was significantly lower compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION： In conclusion, probiotic bacteria have strain-specific anti-inflammatory effects in healthy adults.

关键词： Probiotic Highly sensitive C-reactive protein Cytokine Inflammation Immune response Mononuclearcells

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Paired Border Towns or TwinCities from Finland and China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2008年第1期6卷 3-13页

作者： riitta Kosonen Xu Feng Erja Kettunen Helsinki School of Economics Center for Markets in Transition （CEMAT） Helsinki 00101 Finland School of Business and Management Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250001 China

This paper discusses cross-border cooperation at the level of urban socio-economic systems. Worldwide, cross-border urban cooperation has in several cases produced socio-economic and political coherence supported by various joint programs and efforts. However, the degree of coherence varies and seldom cre-ates socio-economically and politically tightly integrated "Twin-Cities" where the state border becomes highly transparent or ob-scure. Focusing on Finlan d and China, our aim is to identify whether the selected border towns represent coherent TwinCities or a more loose type of "paired border towns". The study uses an empirical examination of three Finnish towns (Helsinki, Tornio, Imatra) and their neighboring towns in Estonia, Sweden, and Rus-sia as a benchmark. Then, a comparative study is made regarding three Chinese cross-border cities facing Russia, Vietnam and Ka-zakhstan. We highlight the differences in cross-border integration from the viewpoint of shared public sector programs, cross-border enterprise relocation and networking, and integrated social sector in terms of labor market, education and shopping area.

关键词： paired border towns ideal TwinCity model cross-border cooperation and networking Finland China

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High-sensitivity C-reactive protein in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第23期16卷 2901-2906页

作者： Marianne Sidoroff riitta Karikoski Taneli Raivio Erkki Savilahti Kaija-Leena Kolho Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology Hospital for Children and AdolescentsUniversity of Helsinki Department of Pathology HUSLABHelsinki University Central Hospital

AIM:To study whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) measurement can aid the assessment of disease activity and glucocorticoid treatment in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:CRP levels were measured in 39 children with IBD undergoing colonoscopy [median age 12.8 years,Crohn's disease(CD) n=20],in 22 other children with IBD followed for acute response to glucocorticoids,and in 33 paediatric non-IBD *** standard CRP level was below detection limit(<5mg/L),hs-CRP was ***:Sixty-four percent(25/39) of the children with IBD undergoing colonoscopy displayed undetectable(<5mg/L) standard CRP *** these,the hs-CRP measurement could not differentiate between active(median,0.2 mg/L,range,0.007-1.37,n=17) or quiescent(0.1 mg/L,0.01-1.89,n=8,P=NS) *** with ileocolonic CD had higher CRP levels(14mg/L,0.06-45,n=13) than patients with no ileal involvement(0.18 mg/L,0.01-9,n=7,P<0.01) or ulcerative colitis(UC)(0.13 mg/L,0.007-23,P<0.05).In children with active IBD treated with systemic glucocorticoids,the standard CRP was undetectable in 59% of the *** hs-CRP levels did not differ between patients that responded to steroid therapy and in ***:The measurement of hs-CRP did not prove useful in the assessment of disease activity or glucocorticoid treatment in paediatric IBD patients that had undetectable standard CRP.

关键词： C-reactive protein Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Children Inflammatory markers

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Total joint replacement in inhibitor-positive haemophilia:Long-term outcome analysis in fifteen patients

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第10期8卷 777-784页

作者： Heidi Danielson riitta Lassila Pekka Ylinen Timo Yrj?nen Orton Ortho-paedic Hospital Invalid Foundation Helsinki University and Coagulation Disorders unit Department of Haematology and Comprehensive Cancer CentreHelsinki University Hospital

AIM To collect data from joint replacement in inhibitor patients, evaluate haemostatic and patient outcomes, and analyse the *** We report our 21-year, single-centre cumulative experience of 15 joint arthroplasties in six inhibitor *** Two low responder inhibitor patients were in the early days treated with FVIII, whereas bypassing agents were used in the rest of the high responder patients. The primary haemostatic outcome was good in 8/15, fair in 4/15 and poor in 3/15 operations. The overall patient outcome, including joint health and patient satisfaction, was good in 10/15, fair 4/15 and poor in 1/15. No deep infections were observed. Cost analysis was most beneficial in low responders and in two immune-tolerized, high responder patients. In all cases, factor replacement comprised the main treatment *** Our experience supports the initial use of bypassing agents as well as preoperative immune-tolerance induction when possible. Despite the challenges of haemostasis and severe joint disease, total joint arthroplasty can reach a good outcome, even in inhibitor patients. The risk for deep infection might be smaller than previously reported. Individual planning, intense multidisciplinary teamworkand execution of operations should be centralised in a professional unit.

关键词： Haemophilia Joint replacement Inhibitor Cost analysis Arthroplasty

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