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Early developmental exposure to inorganic mercury does not alter affiliative behavior of adult prairie voles(Microtus ochrogaster)

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第6期13卷 761-768页

作者： Yue CHEN Robert lewis J.Thomas CURTIS Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Oklahoma State University Center for Health SciencesTulsaOklahomaUK

Mercury chloride exposure through drinking water in adult male prairie voles(Microtus ochrogaster)has been shown to alter their social ***,we examined the potential disruption of adult social behavior in prairie voles that were exposed to 60 ppm mercury during early *** used a cross-fostering approach to test the effects of mercury exposure:(1)from conception until birth;(ii)from birth until weaning;and(iii)from conception until weaning,on adult affiliative *** and mercury-treated voles were given the option of remaining in an empty cage or affiliating with a same-sex conspecific in a 3-h choice *** found that early developmental mercury exposure had little if any effect on the reproductive success of breeder pairs or on affiliative behavior by either sex when subjects were tested as *** results suggest that,at least in the context of the behavior tested,the effects of early developmental exposure to mercury do not permanently alter adult prairie vole affiliative behavior,or do so in a way that is too subtle to be detected using the current testing paradigm.

关键词： behavioral testing metals toxicity social behavior prairie vole

Renewable Energy Legislation in China:Politicaland Institutional Strategy for EffectiveImplementation

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2004年第1期2卷 13-17页

作者： Joanna lewis China Energy Group Environmental Energy Technologies DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory California94720USA

Over the past decade, the Chinese government has developed several plans regulations and policy measures related to the development of renewable energy technologies and has implemented a series of pilot projects. Chinese policymakers have spent several years studying how renewable energy policy models that have been used internationally could be implemented in China. Programs are currently underway to implement pilot renewable portfolio standards, or mandatory market shares (MMS) for renewable energy, in several provinces. This paper examines the primary institutions that are involved in promoting renewable policies in China, the structure of the policies that currently are being drafted, and the status of the complementary, national-level renewable energy law being drafted to provide a legal basis for ongoing local and national-level policies. It then examines the legal requirements for promoting renewable energy legislation under the Chinese law-making system. Finally, it provides recommendations

关键词： Renewable Energy Mandatory Market Share Energy Legislation

Experimental Investigation of the Rail Pressure Fluctuations Correlated with Fuel Properties and Injection Settings

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Automotive Innovation 2021年第2期4卷 215-226页

作者： Carlo Coratella lewis Parry Yanfei Li Hongming Xu School of Mechanical Engineering University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Injection-induced rail pressure fluctuations are proven to cause nonuniform spray *** fluctuations are also responsible for generating lower injection pressures,to the detriment of jet penetration length and break-up *** the vast literature dealing with such issues,several aspects of rail pressure fluctuations remain ***,the need for compliance with the emission legislation has shed light on the potential of alternative fuels,which represent a pathway for sustainable *** scenario has motivated the present study dealing with the assessment of the time history of rail pressure correlated with fuel *** have been performed using a last-generation common rail injection equipment under various injection settings,employing diesel and 2-methylfuran-diesel *** paper describes the research activity and aims to provide new insights into the correlation of rail pressure fluctuations with fuel properties.

关键词： Rail pressure fluctuations Wave propagation Viscosity Bulk modulus 2-Methylfuran Fuel blend

Responses of Tree Species to Climate Warming at Different Spatial Scales

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Chinese Geographical Science 2011年第4期21卷 427-436页

作者： LIANG Yu HE Hong S lewis Bernard L State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110164China School of Natural Resources University of Missouri-Columbia203m Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources BuildingColumbiaMissouri 65211-7270USA Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Tree species respond to climate change at multiple scales,such as species physiological response at fine scale and species distribution (quantified by percent area) at broader spatial *** a given spatial scale,species physiological response and distribution can be correlated positively or *** consistency of such correlation relationships at different spatial scales determines whether species responses derived from local scales can be extrapo-lated to broader spatial *** this study,we used a coupled modeling approach that coupled a plot-level ecosystem process model (LINKAGES) with a spatially explicit landscape model (LANDIS).We investigated species physio-logical responses and distribution responses to climate warming at the local,zonal and landscape scales respectively,and examined how species physiological response and distribution correlated at each corresponding scale and whether the correlations were consistent among these *** results indicate that for zonal and warming-sensitive species,the correlations between species physiological response and distribution are consistent at these spatial scales,and therefore the research results of vegetation response to climate warming at the local scale can be extrapolated to the zonal and landscape *** contrast,for zonal and warming-insensitive species the correlations among different spatial scales are consistent at some spatial scales but at other *** results also suggest that the results of azonal species at the local scale near their distribution boundaries can not be extrapolated simply to broader scales due to stronger responses to climate warming in those boundary regions.

关键词： climate warming vegetation response local scale zonal scale landscape scale LANDIS Changbai Mountains

Metabolic checkpoints in neurodegenerative T helper 17（TH17） and neuroregenerative regulatory T(Treg) cells as new therapeutic targets for multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第2期15卷 267-269页

作者： Hongxing Shen James A. Bonner lewis Zhichang Shi Department of Radiation Oncology The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Department of Microbiology The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSAProgram in ImmunologyThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA

The central nervous system (CNS) is an immune-privileged site with tightly-regulated immune responses, a concept proposed by Nobel Laureate Sir Peter Medawar in 1960. Under physiological conditions, only a few T lymph... 详细信息

关键词： Metabolic checkpoints multiple sclerosis CNS

Recent Progress in Reinforcement Learning and Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Advanced Control Applications

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In-service performance of emergency shutdown valves and dependent operational relationships in the offshore oil and gas industry

自动化学报（英文版） 2024年第1期

作者： Ding Wang Ning Gao Derong Liu Jinna Li Frank L.lewis

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Petroleum 2023年第4期9卷 613-620页

作者： Keith Cameron Andrew lewis Diogo Montalvao Mohammad Reza Herfatmanesh School of Physics Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireUnited Kingdom Department of Design and Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityUnited Kingdom

Industrial process plants use emergency shutdown valves(ESDVs)as safety barriers to protect against hazardous events,bringing the plant to a safe state when potential danger is *** ESDVs are used extensively in offshore oil and gas processing plants and have been mandated in the design of such systems from national and international standards and *** paper has used actual ESDV operating data from four mid/late life oil and gas production platforms in the North Sea to research operational relationships that are of interest to those responsible for the technical management and operation of *** first of the two relationships is between the closure time(CT)of the ESDV and the time it remains in the open position,prior to the close *** has been hypothesised that the CT of the ESDV is affected by the length of time that it has been open prior to being closed(Time since the last stroke).In addition to the general analysis of the data series,two sub-categories were created to further investigate this possible relationship for CT and these are“above mean”and“below mean”.The correlations(Pearson's based)resulting from this analysis are in the“weak”and“very weak”*** second relationship investigated was the effect of very frequent closures to assess if this improves the *** operational records for six subjects were analysed to find closures that occurred within a 24 h period of each ***,no discriminating trend was apparent where CT was impacted positively or negatively by the frequent closure *** was concluded that the variance of ESDV closure time cannot be influenced by the technical management of the ESDV in terms of scheduling the operation of the ESDV.

关键词： Emergency Shutdown Valve Safety instrumented systems Closure time IEC-61511

Stochastic DoS Attack Allocation Against Collaborative Estimation in Sensor Networks

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第5期7卷 1225-1234页

作者： Ya Zhang Lishuang Du Frank L.lewis School of Automation Southeast Universityand also with the Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of EngineeringMinistry of EducationNanjing 210096China University of Texas at Arlington Research Institute Fort WorthTX 76118 USA IEEE

In this paper,denial of service(DoS)attack management for destroying the collaborative estimation in sensor networks and minimizing attack energy from the attacker perspective is *** the communication channels between sensors and a remote estimator,the attacker chooses some channels to randomly jam DoS attacks to make their packets randomly dropped.A stochastic power allocation approach composed of three steps is ***,the minimum number of channels and the channel set to be attacked are ***,a necessary condition and a sufficient condition on the packet loss probabilities of the channels in the attack set are provided for general and special systems,***,by converting the original coupling nonlinear programming problem to a linear programming problem,a method of searching attack probabilities and power to minimize the attack energy is *** effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation examples.

关键词： Attack allocation denial of service(DoS)attack packet loss remote estimation sensor networks

Backstepping approach for design of PID controller with guaranteed performance for micro-air UAV

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Control Theory and Technology 2020年第1期18卷 19-33页

作者： Yusuf KARTAL Patrik KOLARIC Victor LOPEZ Atilla DOGAN Frank lewis University of Texas at Arlington Research Institute Forth Worth 76118TXU.S.A. ZDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Texas at ArlingtonTKU.S.A.

Flight controllers for micro-air UAVs are generally designed using proportional-integral-derivative(PID)methods,where the tuning of gains is difficult and time-consuming,and performance is not *** this paper,we develop a rigorous method based on the sliding mode analysis and nonlinear backstepping to design a PID controller with guaranteed *** technique provides the structure and gains for the PID controller,such that a robust and fast response of the UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle)for trajectory tracking is ***,the second-order sliding variable errors are used in a rigorous nonlinear backstepping design to obtain guaranteed performance for the nonlinear UAV ***,using a small angle approximation and rigorous geometric manipulations,this nonlinear design is converted into a PID controller whose structure is naturally determined through the backstepping *** gains that guarantee robust UAV performance are finally computed from the sliding mode gains and from stabilizing gains for tracking error *** prove that the desired Euler angles of the inner attitude controller loop are related to the dynamics of the outer backstepping tracker loop by inverse kinematics,which provides a seamless connection with existing built-in UAV attitude *** implement the proposed method on actual UAV,and experimental flight tests prove the validity of these *** is seen that our PID design procedure yields tighter UAV performance than an existing popular PID control technique.

关键词： Quadrotor nonlinear controller trajectory tracking backstepping controller inverse kinematics