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Engineered smart materials for RNA based molecular therapy to treat Glioblastoma

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Bioactive Materials 2024年第3期33卷 396-423页

作者： ravi Raj Singh Indranil Mondal Taskeen Janjua Amirali popat Ritu Kulshreshtha Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew DelhiIndia School of Pharmacy The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWahringer Straße 421090 ViennaAustria University of Queensland-IIT Delhi Academy of Research(UQIDAR)

Glioblastoma(GBM)is an aggressive malignancy of the central nervous system(CNS)that remains incurable despite the multitude of improvements in cancer *** conventional chemo and radiotherapy post-surgery have only been able to improve the prognosis slightly;however,the development of resistance and/or tumor recurrence is almost *** is a pressing need for adjuvant molecular therapies that can successfully and efficiently block tumor *** the last few decades,non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)have emerged as key players in regulating various hallmarks of cancer including that of *** levels of many ncRNAs are dysregulated in cancer,and ectopic modulation of their levels by delivering antagonists or overexpression constructs could serve as an attractive option for cancer *** therapeutic potential of several types of ncRNAs,including miRNAs,lncRNAs,and circRNAs,has been validated in both in vitro and in vivo models of ***,the delivery of these RNA-based therapeutics is highly challenging,especially to the tumors of the brain as the blood-brain barrier(BBB)poses as a major obstacle,among ***,since RNA is extremely fragile in nature,careful considerations must be met while designing a delivery *** this review we have shed light on how ncRNA therapy can overcome the limitations of its predecessor conventional therapy with an emphasis on smart nanomaterials that can aide in the safe and targeted delivery of nucleic acids to treat ***,critical gaps that currently exist for successful transition from viral to non-viral vector delivery systems have been ***,we have provided a perspective on the future directions,potential pathways,and target areas for achieving rapid clinical translation of,RNA-based macromolecular therapy to advance the effective treatment of GBM and other related diseases.

关键词： Glioblastoma(GBM) Non-coding RNAs(ncRNA) Nucleic acid therapy Oligonucleotide therapy Nanocarriers Nanoparticles RNA delivery system Gene therapy

Effect of local longitudinal shortening on the transport of luminal contents through small intestine

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2019年第1期35卷 45-60,I0002页

作者： ravi Kant Avvari Sasi Institute of Technology and Engineering Tadepalligudem 534101India

A theoretical analysis of the rheological fluid flow due to peristalsis is studied. We have applied the classical lubrication theory to predict the near physiological behavior of the intestinal segment, mixing and transport. A parametric study involving the changes in local longitudinal shortening (LLS) magnitude, LLS spacing, fluid viscosity, wavelength of the wave, and occlusion of lumen caused by the wave provided insights into the dynamics of the peristalsis flow of a non-Newtonian fluid. LLS appear to have little significance in modulating the flow patterns that are caused by circular contraction alone. Results also indicate that there exists trade-off between the power requirement for peristalsis at a certain occlusion against the percentage LLS. LLS appear to be more advantageous to perform the peristalsis activity at higher occlusion than lower occlusion. Having mucosal folds in the inner lining of the intestine allows for one more advantage of slowing the transit due to increased friction factor and increase in time for absorption of the nutrients.

关键词： Circular contraction Local longitudinal shortening Lubrication theory

Multiferroism in Pr_2FeCrO_6 perovskite

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Journal of Rare Earths 2018年第11期36卷 1175-1178页

作者： S.ravi Department of Physics Mepco Schlenk Engineering College

Pr2FeCrO6 perovskite crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure with R3c space group. Magnetic stuay nas revealed that Pr2FeCrO6 exhibits room-temperature ferromagnetism with a Curie temperature of about 562 K. Pr2FeCrO6 also exhibits weak ferroelectricity. Thus, given its ferroelectric and ferromagnetic na- ture, the Pr2FeCrO6 material can be considered as a multiferroic. In addition, due to its high Curie temperature and multiferroicity, it could be a promising candidate for spintronics applications.

关键词： Magnetic materials Double perovskite Magnetoresistance Spintronics Rare earths

Exploring nitrogen reduction reaction mechanisms in electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis:A comprehensive review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 681-697页

作者： Abhishek Umesh Shetty ravi Sankannavar School of Chemical and Materials Science Indian Institute of Technology GoaFarmagudiPonda 403401GoaIndia Department of Chemical Engineering M.S.Ramaiah Institute of TechnologyMSR NagarMSRIT PostBengaluru 560054KarnatakaIndia

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR)holds significant promise as a sustainable alternative to the conventional large-scale Haber Bosch process,offering a carbon footprint-free approach for ammonia *** the process is thermodynamically feasible at ambient temperature and pressure,challenges such as the competing hydrogen evolution reaction,low nitrogen solubility in electrolytes,and the activation of inert dinitrogen(N_(2))gas adversely affect the performance of ammonia *** hurdles result in low Faradaic efficiency and low ammonia production rate,which pose obstacles to the commercialisation of the *** have been actively designing and proposing various electrocatalysts to address these issues,but challenges still need to be resolved.A key strategy in electrocatalyst design lies in understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern the success or failure of the electrocatalyst in driving the electrochemical *** mechanistic studies,we gain valuable insights into the factors affecting the reaction,enabling us to propose optimised designs to overcome the *** review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various mechanisms involved in eNRR on the electrocatalyst *** delves into the various mechanisms such as dissociative,associative,Mars-van Krevelen,lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction and surface hydrogenation mechanisms of nitrogen *** unravelling the intricacies of eNRR mechanisms and exploring promising avenues,we can pave the way for more efficient and commercially viable ammonia synthesis through this sustainable electrochemical process by designing an efficient electrocatalyst.

关键词： Green ammonia synthesis Electrolysis Electrocatalysis Nitrogen reductionreaction Electrochemical reaction pathways Reactionmechanism

The bioinformatics of next generation sequencing:a meeting report

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2011年第3期3卷 147-150页

作者： ravi Shankar Studio of Computational Biology&Bioinformatics Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyCouncil of Scientific&Industrial Research(CSIR)PalampurHimachal PradeshIndia

The Studio of Computational Biology&Bioinformatics(SCBB),IHBT,CSIR,Palampur,India organized one of the very first national workshop funded by DBT,*** India,on the Bioinformatics issues associated with next generation sequencing *** course structure was designed by SCBB,*** workshop took place in the IHBT premise on 17 and 18 June 2010.

关键词： struc India workshop

An Efficient Image Analysis Framework for the Classification of Glioma Brain Images Using CNN Approach

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第6期63卷 1133-1142页

作者： ravi Samikannu Rohini ravi Sivaram Murugan Bakary Diarra Faculty of Electrical Engineering Botswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapyeBotswana Faculty of Computer Science Engineering Vivekanandha College of Engineering for WomenNamakkal637205India Department of Computer Networking Lebanese French UniversityErbil44001Iraq Institute of Applied Sciences University of SciencesTechniques and Technologies of BamakoBamakoMali

The identification of brain tumors is multifarious work for the separation of the similar intensity pixels from their surrounding *** detection of tumors is performed with the help of automatic computing technique as presented in the proposed *** non-active cells in brain region are known to be benign and they will never cause the death of the *** non-active cells follow a uniform pattern in brain and have lower density than the surrounding *** Magnetic Resonance(MR)image contrast is improved by the cost map construction *** deep learning algorithm for differentiating the normal brain MRI images from glioma cases is implemented in the proposed *** technique permits to extract the linear features from the brain MR image and glioma tumors are detected based on these extracted *** k-mean clustering algorithm the tumor regions in glioma are *** proposed algorithm provides high sensitivity,specificity and tumor segmentation accuracy.

关键词： Brain glioma features tumors classifications

Detection and Classification of Potential Caves on the Flank of Elysium Mons,Mars

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第6期22卷 81-90页

作者： ravi Sharma Neeraj Srivastava J.J.T.University Jhunjhunu.Rajasthan 333001India Planetary Science Division Physical Research LaboratoryAhmedabad 380009India

Martian caves have revived interest in the field of subsurface exploration because they are the potential destinations for future human habitats and astrobiological *** are many pits on Mars,but some of them look like collapsed cave *** special pits are formed by the collapse of surface materials into the subsurface void *** signature of life is probable in a subsurface cave on Mars as the subsurface environment can protect life from the harsh and dangerous radiation environment of the *** a cave,there may be an abundance of minerals,fluids,and other key ***,locating the access point of the subsurface cave is essential and crucial for formulating plans for robotic/human explorations of the Red Planet,*** have used remote sensing data from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter(MRO;NASA),Mars Global Surveyor(MGS;NASA),and Mars Odyssey(NASA)for identifying,mapping,and classifying selected special pit candidates on the flank of Elysium Mons,Mars.A total of 32 special pit candidates has been identified and classified based upon morphology and geological *** of these,26 are newly discovered *** thermal behavior of 23 special pit candidates confirms that the special pits are radiating heat energy at nighttime,similar to potential ***,cave entrances have been detected in nine candidates using data from the Hi RISE camera onboard *** sites could be important destinations for future robotic/human exploration and the search for life on Mars.

关键词： planets and satellites individual(Mars)-planets and satellites surfaces-planets and satellites general

Suitable triggering algorithms for detecting strong ground motions using MEMS accelerometers

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2015年第1期14卷 27-35页

作者： ravi Sankar Jakka Siddharth Garg Department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology

With the recent development of digital Micro Electro Mechanical System （MEMS） sensors, the cost of monitoring and detecting seismic events in real time can be greatly reduced. Ability of MEMS accelerograph to record a seismic event depends upon the efficiency of triggering algorithm, apart from the sensor＇s sensitivity. There are several classic triggering algorithms developed to detect seismic events, ranging from basic amplitude threshold to more sophisticated pattern recognition. Algorithms based on STA/LTA are reported to be computationally efficient for real time monitoring. In this paper, we analyzed several STA/LTA algorithms to check their efficiency and suitability using data obtained from the Quake Catcher Network （network of MEMS accelerometer stations）. We found that most of the STA/LTA algorithms are suitable for use with MEMS accelerometer data to accurately detect seismic events. However, the efficiency of any particular algorithm is found to be dependent on the parameter set used （i.e., window width of STA, LTA and threshold level）.

关键词： strong ground motion triggering algorithms seismic event detection MEMS accelerometers STA/LTA based algorithms

A High Order Spectral Volume Formulation for Solving Equations Containing Higher Spatial Derivative Terms II:Improving the Third Derivative Spatial Discretization Using the LDG2 Method

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第8期12卷 767-788页

作者： ravi Kannan CFD Research Corporation 215Wynn DriveHuntsville AL 35805USA

In this paper,the second in a series,we improve the discretization of the higher spatial derivative terms in a spectral volume(SV)*** motivation for the above comes from[***.,46(2),314–328],wherein the authors developed a variant of the LDG(Local Discontinuous Galerkin)flux discretization *** variant(aptly named LDG2),not only displayed higher accuracy than the LDG approach,but also vastly reduced its unsymmetrical *** this paper,we adapt the LDG2 formulation for discretizing third derivative terms.A linear Fourier analysis was performed to compare the dispersion and the dissipation properties of the LDG2 and the LDG *** results of the analysis showed that the LDG2 scheme(i)is stable for 2nd and 3rd orders and(ii)generates smaller dissipation and dispersion errors than the LDG formulation for all the *** 4th order LDG2 scheme is howevermildly unstable:as the real component of the principal eigen value briefly becomes *** order to circumvent the above,a weighted average of the LDG and the LDG2 fluxes was used as the final numerical *** a weight of 1.5%for the LDG(i.e.,98.5%for the LDG2)was sufficient tomake the scheme *** scheme is still predominantly LDG2 and hence generated smaller dissipation and dispersion errors than the LDG *** experiments are performed to validate the *** general,the numerical results are very promising and indicate that the approach has a great potential for higher dimension Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)type problems.

关键词： Spectral volume LDG2 LDG higher spatial derivative terms KDV Fourier analysis