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Dosimetric Comparison between Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3DCRT) &Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) in Mid-Lower Oesophageal Carcinoma

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2019年第2期8卷 121-129页

作者： Azza N. Taher rasha A. Elawady Amr Amin The Department of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Institute Cairo University Cairo Egypt The Unit of Radiation Physics Department of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Institute Cairo University Cairo Egypt

Purpose: To investigate if intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) offers a better planning target volume (PTV) coverage and/or lower dose to normal thoracic structures in comparison to three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) in the treatment of mid and lower oesophageal carcinoma patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective study in the period from 2014 till 2015 was held in the radiation therapy department of the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, in which 20 locally advanced or inoperable mid and lower oesophageal cancer patients were treated by chemo-radiation using 3DCRT technique. IMRT plans were generated for those 20 patients. The 3DCRT and IMRT plans were compared as regards PTV coverage and doses to critical organs at risk. Results: All plans had produced satisfactory PTV coverage with no significant differences noted. The lung V20 for both lungs in 3DCRT was 16.94% ± 4.2% which was increased to 21.42% ± 3.6% in IMRT (p = 0.017). The mean dose to the heart and V30 were higher in IMRT plans while the mean dose to the spinal cord was higher with 3DCRT plans, yet that didn’t reach a statistically significant level (p = 0.156). The dose delivered to the liver didn’t pose any difference between both techniques. Conclusion: 3DCRT remains to be a feasible cost effective treatment delivery option for mid and lower oesophageal cancer cases with a lower optimization and delivery time than that for IMRT. Moreover, that calls for further dosimetric studies and clinical trials to assess IMRT technique. In our study, IMRT using nine fields didn’t prove to be superior to 3DCRT.

关键词： Oesophageal Carcinoma 3DCRT IMRT Dosimetric

Modification of Grey Water Treatment Using Combination of Cascade Aeration and Biofiltration

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2013年第8期2卷 473-481页

作者： Dheyaa Wajid Abbood Ayad Sleibi Mustafa rasha Azeez Joudah Department of Civil College of Engineering Mustansiriya University Baghdad 964 Iraq Department of Civil College of Engineering Anbar University Baghdad 964 Iraq Department of Environment College of Engineering Mustansiriya University Baghdad 964 lraq

A combination of cascade aeration and biofiltration systems is one of the available ecological treatments to reduce the concentration of pollutants in grey water and resolve the problem of acute water crisis supply in Iraq. An experimental constructed grey water treatment system has been installed at AI-Mustansiriya University, College of Engineering during the period from January to December 2012. The performance of the treatment schemes has been evaluated by monitoring the quality of the raw grey water and effluent on these samples which are： pH, COD （chemical oxygen demand）, TSS （total suspended solids）, TDS （total dissolved solids）, PO43 （phosphates）, NO32 （nitrates）, NO （nitrites）, oils ＆ grease, NH3-N （ammonia-nitrogen） and some anions and cations. The average removal rate of COD was more than 60% that of NH3-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, TDS and TSS that were 55%-89%, 59%-74%, 79%-98%, 17%-52% and 51%-87%, respectively. Also the results indicate that the removal efficiency of ions concentrations such as Ca2＋, Mg2＋, Na＋, K＋ were 78%-96%, 73%-97%, 14%-47% and 44%-64%, respectively, while for cations such as SO42, Cl and PO43-, the removal efficiencies were 33%-79%, 27%-61% and 81%-99%, respectively. Finally oils ＆ grease was 79%-88%.

关键词： Grey water water rcuse biofiltration cascade aeration irrigation.

Epidemiology and outcome of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus health-care associated pneumonia

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2013年第1期2卷 38-43页

作者： Hadeel Zainah Syed Hassan rasha Nakhleh Samia Arshad Marcus Zervos Department of Internal Medicine Henry Ford Health System Detroit MI USA Department of Internal Medicine Hurley Medical Center Flint MI USA Division of Infectious Diseases Henry Ford Health System Detroit MI USA

Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important cause of health-care-associated pneumonia (HCAP). HCAP confers high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we evaluated risk factors and clinical outomes of MRSA-HCAP. Methods: Between 08/2008 and 09/2010 we conducted a retrospective, singlecenter study. Seven hundred and eighty three patients with MRSA isolated from respiratory cultures were screened. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Results were computed using univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The analysis included 63 patients (54.78%) with MRSA HCAP. The mean age (±SD) was 65.95 ± 15.4 years. Thirty seven (58.7%) were males. Fifty six (88.9%) had at least one associated comorbid medical condition. Forty two (66.7%) were treated with vancomycin, 4 (6.3%) with linezolid and the remaining 17 (27%) were switched between the two antimicrobials. Mean APACHE II (±SD) score was 18.8 (±7.3). Mortality rate was 28.6%. APACHE-II score, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and superinfection were found to be independent risk factors for 28-day mortality. Conclusions: MRSA is a significant etiology of HCAP which is more prevalent in the elderly. The associated mortality rate could be high and driven by several factors including APACHE II score and preexisting COPD.

关键词： MRSA Healthcare-Acquired Pneumonia Epidemiology Outcome

Molecular detection of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 polymorphism in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11793-11799页

作者： Maysa Kamal Salama Dina Sabry Mohamed AS Al-Ghussein rasha Ahmed Sayed AbdAllah Fatma Mohamed Taha Wael Fathy Miriam Safwat Wadie Mona Nabih Amr Abul-Fotouh Tarneem Darwish Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo11562 Egypt Biochemistry Department Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Azhar University Gaza 1277 Palestine Tropical Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo11562 Egypt Internal Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo 11562 Egypt Tropical Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine Bny Swif University Bny Swif 62511 Egypt Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics Department Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo 11562 Egypt

AIM: To investigate the association of the functional monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) promoter polymorphism (A-2518G) with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).

关键词： Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 Genotype Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Liver cirrhosis As-cites Gene expression Interleukin-10

Brain metabolic profile assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with Down syndrome:Relation to intelligence quotient

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第5期12卷 310-318页

作者： Nesreen Safwat El Feil Heba S Elmahdy rasha Ahmed Elmahdy Ahmed Abd-Elbasset Aboelezz Heba S Dawoud Mohammed Al-Beltagi Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527Al GharbiaEgypt Department of Radiology University Medical CenterDr.Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterDr.Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain

BACKGROUND Down syndrome(DS)is one of the most common causes of intellectual *** with DS have varying intelligence quotient(IQ)that can predict their learning *** To assess the brain metabolic profiles of children with DS and compare them to standard controls,using magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)and correlating the results with *** This case-control study included 40 children with DS aged 6-15 years and 40 age and sex-matched healthy children as *** was used to evaluate ratios of choline/creatine(Cho/Cr),N-acetyl aspartic acid/creatine(NAA/Cr),and myoinositol/creatine(MI/Cr(in the frontal,temporal,and occipital lobes and basal ganglia and compared to controls and correlated with *** Children with DS showed significant reductions in NAA/Cr and MI/Cr and a non-significant reduction in Cho/Cr in frontal lobes compared to ***,we observed significant decreases in NAA/Cr,MI/Cr,and Cho/Cr in the temporal and occipital lobes and basal ganglia in children with DS compared to ***,there was a significant correlation between IQ and metabolic ratios in the brains of children with *** Brain metabolic profile could be a good predictor of IQ in children with DS.

关键词： Children Down syndrome Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Metabolic profile Intelligence quotient

Number of COVID-19 cases required in a population to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in the province of Alberta, Canada:Sensitivity assessment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 843-850页

作者： Qiaozhi Li Bonita E.Lee Tiejun Gao Yuanyuan Qiu Erik Ellehoj Jiaao Yu Mathew Diggle Graham Tipples rasha Maal-Bared Deena Hinshaw Christopher Sikora Nicholas J.Ashbolt James Talbot Steve E.Hrudey Xiaoli Pang School of Public Health University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada Department of Pediatrics University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1C9Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2B7Canada University of Alberta Central Receiving EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2R3Canada Provincial Laboratory for Public Health EdmontonAlbertaCanada EPCOR EdmontonAB T5H 0E8Canada Department of Medicine University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2G3Canada Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross UniversityEast Lismore NSW 2480Australia

With a unique and large size of testing results of 1,842 samples collected from 12 wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) for 14 months through from low to high prevalence of COVID-19,the sensitivity of RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater that correspond to the communities was computed by using Probit *** study determined the number of new COVID-19 cases per 100,000 population required to detect SARS-CoV-2RNA in wastewater at defined probabilities and provided an evidence-based framework of wastewater-based epidemiology surveillance (WBE).Input data were positive and negative test results of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater samples and the corresponding new COVID-19 case rates per 100,000 population served by each *** analyses determined that RT-qPCR-based SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection threshold at 50%,80%and 99%probability required a median of 8 (range:4-19),18 (9-43),and 38 (17-97) of new COVID-19 cases/100,000,***,the positive detection rate at 50%,80%and 99%probability were 0.01%,0.02%,and 0.04%averagely for new cases in the *** study improves understanding of the performance of WBE SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection using the large datasets and prolonged study *** COVID-19 burden at a community level that would result in a positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater is critical to support WBE application as a supplementary warning/monitoring system for COVID-19 prevention and control.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 cases Wastewater Probit analysis Probability Detection sensitivity

Local Consolidation Therapy versus Observation for Oligometastatic Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Phase II Randomized Trial

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2018年第11期9卷 925-940页

作者： Ghada Ezzat Eladawei rasha Mohamed Abdellatif Sheref Mohamed El-Taher Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Public Health & Community Medicine Department Benha University Benha Egypt

Background and Objective: Based on retrospective trials, most progression sites after first line systemic therapy for metastatic non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were the primary disease sites rather than new sites. Therefore we conducted phase II randomized study to determine whether oligometastatic NSCLC without disease progression after first line chemotherapy, have prolonged progression free survival when treated with local consolidation therapy of residual disease followed by surveillance compared with no local consolidation therapy (observation). Patients and Methods: Forty eight eligible patients were randomized to either immediate or no local consolidation radiotherapy. 26 patients of immediate local consolidation radiotherapy received 3 D-conformal radiation therapy to primary tumor site and metastatic sites of disease. 22 patients were followed up by observation. Results: Patients in local consolidation arm had significantly better progression free survival (PFS) compared with patients in observation group. Median PFS was 9.5 months (95% CI 7.8 - 11.08) in local consolidation arm and 4.5 months (95%CI 3.9 - 5.7) in observation arm. Patients in local consolidation arm had longer median time to appearance of new metastatic sites (10 months CI 9.3 - 12.6) than those patients in observation arm (4.5 months CI 4.2 - 6.9). Median overall survival (OS) of patients in local consolidation arm was 12 months (95% CI 12.1 - 18.01) and in observation arm 10 months (95% CI 8.7 - 13.8). One year OS rate was 42.3% in local consolidation arm and 31.8% in observation arm;2 year OS rate was 23.1% in local consolidation arm and only 4.5% in observation arm. Conclusion: Local consolidation radiotherapy is simple, safe, efficient, and not expensive treatment for oligometastatic non small cell lung cancer after upfront chemotherapy. Local consolidation radiotherapy achieved significantly prolonged progression free survival and delayed appearance of new metastatic sites. Phase

关键词： Lung Cancer Oligometastatic Conformal Thoracic Radiotherapy

Primary Bladder Adenocarcinoma: A Five-Year Retrospective Clinicopathologic Study of 42 Cases in Egyptian NCI (2010-14)

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2019年第1期10卷 97-116页

作者： Yahia Ismail Amr Kamal Osama Yousof Neveen Tahoun rasha Allam Medical Oncology Department National Cancer Institute Cairo University Cairo Egypt Surgical Oncology Department National Cancer Institute Cairo University Cairo Egypt Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department National Cancer Institute Cairo University Cairo Egypt Pathology Department National Cancer Institute Cairo University Cairo Egypt Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics National Cancer Institute Cairo University Cairo Egypt

Aim: Globally, primary adenocarcinoma (AC) accounts for only 0.5% - 2% of bladder cancer (BC). Bilharziasis predisposes to AC in ~10% of BC in endemic regions. The aim was to study the clinicopathologic characteristics of this rare entity and define prognostic elements influencing disease-free (DFS) & overall survival (OS). Patients & Methods: A retrospective analysis of 42 cases of primary bladder AC presented to the National Cancer Institute of Egypt (NCI-E) during a five-year period (2010-2014), clinicopathologic profiles, management and survival were assessed. Results: The mean age was 55.5 years ± 9.77 with male predominance. Hematuria, bilharziasis & urachal type experienced in 88%, 35.7% & 4.8%, respectively. Radical surgery was employed in 64.3%. Metastatic disease (stageIVB) found in 14.3%, initially. Eleven patients (26.2%) received palliative chemotherapy for their advanced or metastatic disease, objective response rates (ORR) were 0% & 100% for those received gemcitabine/platinum & capecitabine/oxaliplatin, respectively. The 5-year DFS & OS rates were 40.7% & 27%, respectively. DFS was significantly enhanced in patients having GII, negative nodes (pN0) and absence of hydronephrosis (p = 0.001, 0.011 & 0.047, respectively). Presentation with hematuria, pN0 & stage II was linked significantly with longer OS (p = 0.007, 0.037 & < 0.001, respectively). Tumour grade & clinical stage were independent prognostic factors affecting DFS & OS, respectively on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Notable reduction in incidence of bladder AC in Egypt is mostly due to decline in bilharzial infection. Tumor grade & clinical stage are independent prognostic factors for DFS & OS, respectively. Still no agreement about the role of adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy, however, protocols employed for colorectal cancer seem to be profitable in advanced and metastatic cases. Further larger scale studies are needed to define the hazard factors, molecular characterises and opt

关键词： Bladder Cancer Primary Adenocarcinoma Bilharziasis NCI Egypt

Automated dual source systems for measurement of DC resistance standards

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Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation 2019年第2期10卷 109-115页

作者： rasha S M Ali M Helmy A Raouf Dept.of Electrical Quantities Metrology National Institute for Standards(NIS)Giza 12211-136Egypt

A new system for measuring low-ohmic standard resistors through a dual current sources bridge is *** is used for low resistance measurements from 1 mΩto 1Ωat 1∶1 ratio,which is suitable for the laboratories without cryogenic current comparators(CCC)or direct current comparators(DCC)*** of this bridge is evaluated by comparing its measured values with the unknown resistor values obtained by another *** accuracy of the introduced bridge is in the level of 10-5 for the 1 mΩresistor,and in the level of 10-4 for the 10 mΩ,100 mΩand 1Ω***,a dual voltage sources system for the measurement of DC standard resistors from 1 kΩto 100 MΩis also *** this system,a modification is made on the modified Wheatstone bridge to evaluate its performance by adding another digital multimeter to measure the ratio between the unknown and the standard resistors *** bridge is verified by comparing the measured values of 10 kΩresistor obtained by the two methods with its actual *** bridge accuracy is in the level of 10-6 except for the 1 kΩresistor,and the bridge asymmetry is also *** is found the asymmetry is in the level of 10-6 for the resistors from 10 kΩto 100 MΩand in the level of 10-5 for 1 kΩ*** introduced bridges operations are controlled by LabVIEW programs designed specially for this purpose,and the expanded uncertainty is also evaluated for all measurement results.

关键词： direct current comparators voltage null detector modified Wheatstone bridge ratio technique resistance measurements uncertainty