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国际脑血管病杂志 2009年第9期17卷 643-660页

作者： J.Donald Easton Jeffrey L.Saver Gregory W.Albers Mark J.Alberts Seemant Chaturvedi Edward Feldmann thomas S.Hatsukami randall t.higashida S.Claibome Johnston Chelsea S.Kidwell Helmi L.Lutsep Elaine Miller Ralph L.Sacco 李海峰(译) 高翔(译) 不详青岛大学医学院附属医院神经内科 266003

本科学声明面向为短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attacks,tIA)患者提供医疗诊治的临床医生和相关医疗卫生人员。采用正规的证据复习方法对1990-2007年7月期间Medline数据库进行系统的文献检索,并运用证据表、汇总分析和病例资料... 详细信息

本科学声明面向为短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attacks,tIA)患者提供医疗诊治的临床医生和相关医疗卫生人员。采用正规的证据复习方法对1990-2007年7月期间Medline数据库进行系统的文献检索,并运用证据表、汇总分析和病例资料的合并分析,对数据进行综合处理。本文支持以下基于组织学的tIA定义:局灶性脑、脊髓或视网膜缺血引起的短暂性神经功能障碍发作,且无急性脑梗死。tIA患者的近期卒中风险较高,可根据临床量表、血管影像学和磁共振弥散加权成像进行风险分层。诊断推荐包括:tIA患者应在发病24h内接受神经影像学评价,最好是应用包括弥散序列在内的MRI;应进行无创性颈部血管成像检查,最好是无创性颅内血管成像;对于未能确定血管病因的患者,tIA发病后应尽快进行心电图检查,也应考虑持续心电监测和超声心动图检查;应进行常规血液化验;对于发病72h内就诊并且ABCD^(2)评分≥3分(提示近期复发风险较高)或在门诊不能迅速完成诊断评价的tIA患者,应收入院治疗。

关键词：美国心脏协会科学声明脑脑缺血缺血卒中短暂性脑缺血发作急性卒中综合征急性脑血管综合征

the Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SMILE Mission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme D.Agnolon t.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin G.Branduardi-Raymont t.Crawford J.P.Breuer t.Buggey G.Butcher R.Canchal J.A.Carter A.Cheney Y.Collado-Vega H.Connor t.Crawford N.Eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth t.Frantzen G.Galgóczi J.Garcia G.Y.Genov C.Gordillo H-P.Gröbelbauer M.Guedel Y.Guo M.Hailey D.Hall R.Hampson J.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland S-Y.Hsieh M.W.J.Hubbard H.Jeszenszky M.Jones t.Kennedy K.Koch-Mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.D.Kuntz C.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale J.Miguel Mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel J.Pearson G.Peikert F.S.Porter t.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab G.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.E.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov M.Soman D.Sibeck S.Smit J.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland M.Steller tianRan Sun J.thornhill W.thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh D.Walton C.Wang S.Yang School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK Centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace technology MadridSpain EStEC European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland Genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway StM Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Centre MD 20771USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China Centro de Astrobiologia(CAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

the Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)*** is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SMILE *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind Charge eXchange(SWCX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SMILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,China and the United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCD

Practical Application of Altitude/Hypoxic training for Olympic Medal Performance:the team USA Experience

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第4期4卷 358-370页

作者： randall L.Wilber United States Olympic&Paralympic Committee 1 Olympic PlazaColorado SpringsCO 80909USA

Although scientific conclusions remain equivocal,there is evidence-based research,as well as anecdotal support,suggesting that altitude training can enhance performance among Olympic level athletes,particularly in endurance *** appears to be due primarily to hypoxia-induced increases in total hemoglobin mass and subsequent improvements in maximal oxygen uptake and other factors contributing to aerobic *** less clear,it is possible that non-hematological adaptations may contribute secondarily to improvements in post-altitude *** physiological effects are most likely realized when the altitude exposure is of sufficient“hypoxic dose”to provide the necessary stimuli for performance-affecting changes to occur via hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α(HIF-2α)pathways and their downstream molecular *** USA has made a strong commitment over the past 20 years to utilizing altitude training for the enhancement of performance in elite athletes in preparation for the Olympic Games and World *** USA’s strongest medal-producing Olympic sports-USA Swimming and USA track and Field-embraced altitude training several years ago,and they continue to be leaders within team USA in the practical and successful application of altitude *** USA Swimming utilizes traditional“live high and train high”(LH+tH)altitude training,USA track and Field tends more toward the use of the altitude training strategy whereby athletes live high(and potentially sleep higher,either naturally or via simulated altitude),while training high during moderate-intensity(tate threshold 2)training sessions,and train low during high-intensity(>lactate threshold 2)training sessions(LH+tH_([t])+tL_([>Lt])).Although USA Swim-ming and USA track and Field have taken different approaches to altitude training,they have been equally successful at the Olympic Games and World Championships,both teams being ranked first

关键词： Hypoxia Live high-train high Live high-train low Intermittent hypoxic training Elite performance

therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of acute liver failure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第28期28卷 3627-3636页

作者： Carl randall Harrell Dragica Pavlovic Valentin Djonov Vladislav Volarevic Regenerative Processing Plant LLC Palm HarborFL 34176United States Department of Genetics Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of KragujevacKragujevac 34000Serbia Institute of Anatomy University of BernBern 3012Switzerland Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of KragujevacKragujevac 34000Serbia

Acute liver failure(ALF)is a severe and life-threatening condition in which rapid deterioration of liver function develops in a patient who has no preexisting liver *** stem cells(MSCs)are immunoregulatory stem cells which are able to modulate phenotype and function of all immune cells that play pathogenic role in the development and progression of *** in juxtacrine and paracrine manner attenuate antigen-presenting properties of dendritic cells and macrophages,reduce production of inflammatory cytokines in t lymphocytes,suppress hepatotoxicity of natural killer t(NKt)cells and promote generation and expansion of immunosuppressive t,B and NKt regulatory cells in acutely inflamed *** to their nano-sized dimension and lipid envelope,intravenously injected MSC-derived exosomes(MSC-Exos)may by-pass all biological barriers to deliver MSC-sourced immunoregulatoy factors directly into the liver-infiltrated immune cells and injured *** obtained by us and others revealed that intravenous administration of MSCs and MSC-Exos efficiently attenuated detrimental immune response and acute inflammation in the liver,suggesting that MSCs and MSC-Exos could be considered as potentially new remedies in the immunotherapy of *** this review,we emphasize the current knowledge about molecular and cellular mechanisms which are responsible for MSC-based modulation of liver-infiltrated immune cells and we discuss different insights regarding the therapeutic potential of MSCs in liver regeneration.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cells Acute liver failure therapy Immunomodulation Regeneration

High-throughput predictions of metal-organic framework electronic properties:theoretical challenges,graph neural networks,and data exploration

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1053-1062页

作者： Andrew S.Rosen Victor Fung Patrick Huck Cody t.O’Donnell Matthew K.Horton Donald G.truhlar Kristin A.Persson Justin M.Notestein randall Q.Snurr Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA Energy technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Chemistry Chemical Theory Centerand Minnesota Supercomputing InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA

With the goal of accelerating the design and discovery of metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)for electronic,optoelectronic,and energy storage applications,we present a dataset of predicted electronic structure properties for thousands of MOFs carried out using multiple density functional *** to more accurate hybrid functionals,we find that the widely used PBE generalized gradient approximation(GGA)functional severely underpredicts MOF band gaps in a largely systematic manner for semi-conductors and insulators without magnetic ***,an even larger and less predictable disparity in the band gap prediction is present for MOFs with open-shell 3d transition metal *** regards to partial atomic charges,we find that different density functional approximations predict similar charges overall,although hybrid functionals tend to shift electron density away from the metal centers and onto the ligand environments compared to the GGA point of *** more significant differences in partial atomic charges are observed when comparing different charge partitioning *** conclude by using the dataset of computed MOF properties to train machine-learning models that can rapidly predict MOF band gaps for all four density functional approximations considered in this work,paving the way for future high-throughput screening *** encourage exploration and reuse of the theoretical calculations presented in this work,the curated data is made publicly available via an interactive and user-friendly web application on the Materials Project.

关键词： charges electronic centers

Seasonal variation in adult hip disease secondary to osteoarthritis and developmental dysplasia of the hip

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第12期7卷 821-825页

作者： tatsuya Sueyoshi Merrill A Ritter Kenneth E Davis randall t Loder Department of Orthopedic Surgery Kyoto University Center for Hip and Knee Surgery James Whitcomb Riley Children’s Hospital

AIM to determine if there was a seasonal variation in adults undergoing total hip arthroplasty for end stage hip disease due to osteoarthritis(OA) or sequelae of developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH).MEtHODS the total hip registry from the author's institution for the years 1969 to 2013 was reviewed. the month of birth,age,gender,and ethnicity was recorded. Differences between number of births observed and expected in the winter months(October through February) and non-winter mo(March through September) were analyzed with the χ2 test. Detailed temporal variation was mathematically assessed using cosinor *** there were 7792 OA patients and 60 DDH patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty. there were more births than expected in the winter months for both the DDH(P trated a peak date of birth on 1st October. CONCLUSION these data demonstrate an increased prevalence of DDH and OA in those patients born in winter.

关键词： Seasonal trend Winter Osteoarthritis Birth month Developmental hip dysplasia

血管性因素对认知损害和痴呆的促成作用美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会对医疗卫生专业人员的声明

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国际脑血管病杂志 2012年第2期20卷 85-124页

作者：无无无无无曹雯炜（译）糜建华（译）宋叶平（译）余寿芬（译）王飞（译）李焰生（译）美国心脏协会卒中委员会流行病学与预防委员会心血管护理委员会心血管放射学和介入委员会心血管外科和麻醉学委员会上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院神经科上海200127

背景与目的本科学声明提供了血管性因素对认知损害（co,airiveimpairment）和痴呆促成作用证据的纵览。血管性因素在老年认知损害和痴呆中的作用十分普遍。本文对血管性认知损害（vascularcognitiveimpairment，VCI）的定义、神经病理... 详细信息

背景与目的本科学声明提供了血管性因素对认知损害（co,airiveimpairment）和痴呆促成作用证据的纵览。血管性因素在老年认知损害和痴呆中的作用十分普遍。本文对血管性认知损害（vascularcognitiveimpairment，VCI）的定义、神经病理学、基础科学和病理生理学研究、神经影像学的作用、血管性和其他相关危险因素的作用以及潜在的防治方法进行了回顾，旨在为临床医生提供一份总体指导，以进一步加深对VCI和痴呆及其防治的理解。方法写作组成员由写作组联合主席基于先前在相关领域的研究成果提名，并经美国心脏协会（AmericanHeartAssociation，AHA）卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会、流行病学和预防委员会以及文稿监督委员会批准。写作组采用系统文献回顾（主要涵盖1990年至2010年5月期间的文献）、以往公布的指南、个人资料以及专家观点总结现有证据，提出当前知识的不足，并对适当的问题根据AHA标准制定推荐意见。所有写作组成员均有机会对推荐意见进行评论并认可了最终版本。经AHA的同行评议以及卒中委员会领导阶层、流行病学和预防委员会以及科学声明监督委员会审阅后，最终获得AHA科学咨询和协调委员会批准。结果VCI概念的提出涵盖了与所有类型脑血管性脑损害（而不仅仅是卒中）相关的整个认知障碍（cognitivedisorder）谱，其范围从轻度认知损害到完全痴呆。神经血管单元和脑血流调节机制障碍可能是VCI的潜在病理生理学过程的重要组成部分。脑淀粉样血管病已成为阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimerdisease，AD）、微梗死、微出血、脑出血以及VCI风险的一个重要标志。老年认知损害的神经病理学改变常常是AD与微血管性脑损害的混合状态，二者可叠加和协同增高认知损害风险。就此而言，MRI和其他神经影像学技术在VCI的确定和识别中起着重要作用，并提供证据说明以白质高信号和小的深部梗死为特征的皮质下型VCI很常见。在许多情况下，VCI的风险标志同样也是卒中的传统危险因素。这些危险因素包括但不仅限于心房颤动、高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症。而且，这些血管危险因素也可能是AD的风险标志。颈动脉内膜一中膜厚度和动脉僵硬度是动脉老化的标记物，也可能成为VCI的风险标志。目前，美国食品药物管理局尚未批准任何VCI的特异性治疗方法。不过，对卒中和心血管病传统危险因素的评价和控制，可能对包括老年人群在内的VCI的预防具有作用。结论血管性因素在认知损害和痴呆中的促成作用很重要。近年来，在临床前、神经病理学、神经影像学、生理学和流行病学研究基础上，对VCI的认识得到了不断提高。推荐使用跨学科的、转化的以及交互的方法进一步加深对此领域的了解，并更好地掌握其神经心理学特征。需要开展前瞻性定量临床一病理学一神经影像学研究，以提高对神经影像学改变的病理学基础，以及血管病变和AD病变在VCI和AD临床演变中的复杂的丰互作用的认识。可能需要在中年期尽早肝始对血管危险标志进行长期干预，以预防或延迟VCI或AD发病的研究。住高危人群I}1强化控制血管危险因素则是另一个重要的研究方向。

关键词： AHA科学声明血管性痴呆阿尔茨海默病危险因素预防治疗

SIMULAtION OF SUBSIDENCE FOR tHE REGIONAL-AQUIFER SYStEM IN tHE SANtA CLARA VALLEY,CALIFORNIA

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SIMULATION OF SUBSIDENCE FOR THE REGIONAL-AQUIFER SYSTEM IN ...

血管成形术和支架辅助血管成形术治疗颅内动脉粥样硬化的报道标准

第七届国际地面沉降学术研讨会

作者： randall t.HANSON Claudia FAUNt USGS 5735 Kearny Villa RoadSan DiegoCA 92123USA USGS 5735 Kearny Villa RoadSan DiegoCA 92123USA

＜正＞Historic ground-water overdraft in the Santa Clara Valley caused up to 3.9 m （12.7 ft） of land subsidence from 1916 to *** of water,artificial recharge,and reduced pumpage have resulted in recent land subsidence that is predominantly elastic during seasonal and climatic ***,the need for continual management of the water resources *** *** Survey （USGS） developed a regional model of ground-water flow and land-subsidence using MODFLOW to assess the effects of changes in the quantity and distribution of recharge and pumpage on regional land subsidence,and to provide the management tool needed to help steward the water resources. New data were used to develop the simulation model of ground-water flow and *** and elastic specific storage values were based on consolidation tests of selected cores from new multi-well monitoring *** data suggest that the zones of greatest pumpage are generally less *** measured extensometer data and related wellbore-fiow and thermal gradient data indicate that most of the pumpage and subsidence is occurring between 300 and 650 feet blow land surface. Model simulations match compaction related to seasonal and climate cycles measured at several extensometers,as well as measured ground-water levels and *** explicit simulation of multi-aquifer wells significantly affects the distribution of layer-specific simulated compaction because intra-wellbore flow from upper-aquifer layers supplies some of the water that otherwise would have been simulated as water from aquifer and aquitard storage in the lower model layers.

关键词： ground water subsidence model extensometer pumpage

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国际脑血管病杂志 2009年第7期17卷 481-499页

作者： H. Christian Schumacher Philip M. Meyers randall t. higashida Colin P. Derdeyn Scan D. Lavine Gary M. Nesbit David Sacks Peter Rasmussen Lawrence R. Wechsler 廖煜君(译) 宋冬雷(译) From the Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology Division of Vascular Neurology and Neurocritical Care Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Neurological Institute of New York NY University of California San Francisco Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Lonis Mo Oregon Health and Science University Portland Advanced Interventional Radiology Reading Hospital and Medical Center Reading Pa University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pa d Cleveland Clinic Foundation Ohio 复旦大学附属华山医院神经外科上海200040

背景和目的颅内动脉粥样硬化可导致众多患者发生缺血性卒中。过去10年里的技术发展使颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄的血管内治疗成为可能。因颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄而接受血管成形术或支架辅助血管成形术的患者数量不断增加。鉴于在对血管成形术... 详细信息

背景和目的颅内动脉粥样硬化可导致众多患者发生缺血性卒中。过去10年里的技术发展使颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄的血管内治疗成为可能。因颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄而接受血管成形术或支架辅助血管成形术的患者数量不断增加。鉴于在对血管成形术或支架辅助血管成形术治疗颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄或闭塞的临床和放射学评价、技术和转归进行报道时，尚缺乏普遍接受的定义，本文的目的是为其报道标准、术语和书面定义提供共识性推荐意见。报道摘要本文是由技术评价委员会、神经介入外科学会、介入放射学学会、美国神经外科医师协会和神经外科医师大会的脑血管神经外科联合分会以及美国神经病学学会卒中和介入神经病学分会组成的联合写作组起草完成的。对1997年1月—2007年12月美国国立医学图书馆文献数据库（PubMed）进行计算机检索，以确定已发表的涉及狭窄性颅内动脉粥样硬化的介入治疗数据，以此作为质量评价的基准。我们设法确定那些可能影响操作成功和并发症风险的危险因素。本文针对颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄或闭塞的血管内治疗临床试验设计的重要因素，提出了各种临床和技术方面的基本原则。本指南还包含了对这类临床试验统一报道标准的建议。这些定义和标准主要用于研究目的；不过，它们对于临床实践也应有所帮助，并且适用于所有出版物。结论总之，这些建议的定义代表了为构建有效研究数据集的推荐意见。其目的是促进科学而严谨的研究结果的产生，使类似研究之间和内部进行可靠的比较成为可能。在某些情况下，本指南中的一些定义由写作组的专家团队一致推荐，以使报道和发表一致。这些定义应能让不同研究小组发表能够进行直接比较的研究结果。

关键词：解剖学血管造影介入神经放射学神经放射学报道标准报道术语支架置入术

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颅内囊性脑动脉瘤血管内治疗的报道标准

国际脑血管病杂志 2009年第12期17卷 889-901页

作者： Philip M. Meyers Christian Schumacher randall t. higashida Colin P. Derdeyn Gary M. Nesbit David Sacks Lawrence R. Wechsler Joshua B. Bederson Sean D. Lavine Peter Rasmussen 廖煜君(译) 宋冬雷(译) From the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Neurological Institute of New York NY Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology Division of Vascular Neurology and Neurocritical Care Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY University of Califomia San Francisco Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Mo Oregon Health and Science University Portland Ore Advanced Interventional Radiology Reading Hospital and Medical Center Reading Pa University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pa Department of Neurological Surgery Mount Sinai Medical Center New York NY Cleveland Clinic Foundation Ohio 复旦大学附属华山医院神经外科上海200040

背景和目的本文旨在为颅内脑动脉瘤的放射学评价和血管内治疗的报道标准、术语和书面定义提供共识性推荐意见。这些标准旨在设计临床试验，为患者的合理选择和分层提供统一的定义，并且允许对报道的数据进行分析和汇总分析。方法本文是... 详细信息

背景和目的本文旨在为颅内脑动脉瘤的放射学评价和血管内治疗的报道标准、术语和书面定义提供共识性推荐意见。这些标准旨在设计临床试验，为患者的合理选择和分层提供统一的定义，并且允许对报道的数据进行分析和汇总分析。方法本文是由技术评价委员会、神经介入外科学会、介入放射学学会、美国神经外科医师协会和神经外科医师大会的脑血管神经外科联合分会以及美国神经病学学会卒中和介入神经病学分会组成的联合写作组起草完成的。对1991年1月-2007年12月美国国立医学图书馆文献数据库（PubMed）进行计算机检索，以确定已发表的涉及脑动脉瘤的评价和血管内治疗的脑血管介入治疗数据，以此作为质量评价的基准。我们设法确定那些可能影响操作成功和并发症风险的相关危险因素。本文针对脑动脉瘤血管内治疗临床试验设计方面的重要因素，提供了各种临床和技术方面的基本原则。本指南还包含了对这类临床试验统一报道标准的建议。这些定义和标准主要用于研究目的；不过，它们对于临床实践也应有所帮助，并且适用于所有出版物。结论脑动脉瘤的评价和治疗常常涉及多个医学专业。为制定破裂和未破裂脑动脉瘤的临床处理指南，美国心脏协会最近发辰的综述已对相关医学文献进行了回顾。尽管努力综合了脑动脉瘤评价和治疗方面的现有认识，但在以研究和报道为目的的术语和定义方面仍存在明显的不一致性。这些可操作的定义是由一个多学科写作组一致选择的，用来使涉及脑动脉瘤的临床试验和观察性研究中的影像学相关报道一致。这些定义应有助于不同组织发表能够直接进行比较的研究结果。

关键词：动脉瘤方法学神经放射学神经外科报道标准