Practical Application of Altitude/Hypoxic Training for Olympic Medal Performance:The Team USA Experience
作者机构：United States Olympic&Paralympic Committee1 Olympic PlazaColorado SpringsCO 80909USA
出 版 物：《Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise》 (体育运动科学（英文）)
年 卷 期：2022年第4卷第4期
页 面：358-370页
基 金：The author acknowledges and greatly appreciates the mentorship and collaboration of the following vis a vis the advancement of altitude/hypoxic training with Team USA: Jay T. Kearney PhD Steve Fleck PhD Michael Shannon MS Lindsay Golich MS Sam Callan
主 题：Hypoxia Live high-train high Live high-train low Intermittent hypoxic training Elite performance
摘 要：Although scientific conclusions remain equivocal,there is evidence-based research,as well as anecdotal support,suggesting that altitude training can enhance performance among Olympic level athletes,particularly in endurance *** appears to be due primarily to hypoxia-induced increases in total hemoglobin mass and subsequent improvements in maximal oxygen uptake and other factors contributing to aerobic *** less clear,it is possible that non-hematological adaptations may contribute secondarily to improvements in post-altitude *** physiological effects are most likely realized when the altitude exposure is of sufficient“hypoxic doseto provide the necessary stimuli for performance-affecting changes to occur via hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α(HIF-2α)pathways and their downstream molecular *** USA has made a strong commitment over the past 20 years to utilizing altitude training for the enhancement of performance in elite athletes in preparation for the Olympic Games and World *** USA’s strongest medal-producing Olympic sports-USA Swimming and USA Track and Field-embraced altitude training several years ago,and they continue to be leaders within Team USA in the practical and successful application of altitude *** USA Swimming utilizes traditional“live high and train high(LH+TH)altitude training,USA Track and Field tends more toward the use of the altitude training strategy whereby athletes live high(and potentially sleep higher,either naturally or via simulated altitude),while training high during moderate-intensity(lactate threshold 2)training sessions(LH+TH_([LT])).Although USA Swim-ming and USA Track and Field have taken different approaches to altitude training,they have been equally successful at the Olympic Games and World Championships,both teams being ranked first
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