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Impact of an HIV Prevention Intervention on HIV Risk Behavior and Sexually Transmitted Infection among Female Sex Workers in Tamil Nadu, India

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World Journal of AIdS 2017年第3期7卷 166-178页

作者： Joseph d. Williams Arumugam Vijayaraman Priya Krishnaswamy Niranjan Saggurti Sowmya ramesh deepika Ganju Voluntary Health Services Chennai India Population Council New Delhi India

Background: In 2003 a large-scale HIV prevention program was launched for key populations in six high HIV prevalence states of India. This paper assesses the effect of exposure to the intervention on condom use with commercial clients and experiences of sexually transmitted infection (STI) among female sex workers (FSWs) in Tamilnadu, a southern Indian state, between 2006 and 2009. Methods: data were drawn from two rounds of cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2006 (N = 2010) and 2009 (N = 2500) among FSWs in Tamilnadu, recruited through probability-based sampling. A series of multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to examine the association between exposure to the intervention and change over time with condom use and self-reported STI. All the analyses were performed using STATA 11.1. Results: Overall, 48% of FSWs in 2006 and 90% in 2009 reported exposure to the intervention. Compared to 2006, there was a considerable increase in the proportion of FSWs reporting consistent condom use with regular and occasional clients at follow-up (2009). Further, the increase in consistent condom use over time with occasional (adjusted OR = 3.53, 95% CI: 2.47 - 5.05) and regular clients (adjusted OR = 4.97, 95% CI: 3.43 - 7.16) was significantly higher among FSWs exposed to the intervention than those not exposed. Additionally, a significant decline was observed in self-reported STI overtime among FSWs exposed to the intervention compared to their counterparts (adjusted OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.26 - 0.59). Conclusion: The HIV prevention program in Tamilnadu resulted in increased consistent condom use and a decrease in self-reported STI among FSWs exposed to intervention. These findings suggest that HIV prevention programs should aim to saturate coverage among key populations to sustain the gains achieved.

关键词： HIV Intervention Exposure Female Sex Workers STI Tamilnadu Condom Use

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Prevalence and risk factors of lymphatic dysfunction in cirrhosis patients with refractory ascites:An often unconsidered mechanism

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第10期15卷 1140-1152页

作者： Rahul Arya ramesh Kumar Tarun Kumar Sudhir Kumar Utpal Anand Rajeev Nayan Priyadarshi Tanmoy Maji department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507BiharIndia department of Pathology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507BiharIndia department of Surgical Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507BiharIndia department of Radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507BiharIndia

BACKGROUNd The lymphatic system is crucial in maintaining the body fluid homeostasis.A dysfunctional lymphatic system may contribute to the refractoriness of ascites and edema in cirrhosis ***,assessment of lymphatic dysfunction in cirrhosis patients with refractory ascites(RA)can be crucial as it would call for using different strategies for fluid *** To assessing the magnitude,spectrum,and clinical associations of lymphatic dysfunction in liver cirrhosis patients with *** This observational study included 155 consecutive cirrhosis patients with *** presence of clinical signs of lymphedema,such as peau d’orange appearance and positive Stemmer sign,intestinal lymphangiectasia(IL)on duodenal biopsy seen as dilated vessels in the lamina propria with strong d2-40 immunohistochemistry,and chylous ascites were used to diagnose the overt lymphatic *** A total of 69(44.5%)patients out of 155 had evidence of lymphatic *** lymphedema,found in 52(33.5%)patients,was the most common manifestation,followed by IL in 42(27.0%)patients,and chylous ascites in 2(1.9%)*** to patients without lymphedema,those with lymphedema had higher mean age,median model for end-stage liver disease scores,mean body mass index,mean ascitic fluid triglyceride levels,and proportion of patients with hypoproteinemia(serum total proteindL)and lymphocytopenia(d a higher prevalence of lymphocytopenia and hypoproteinemia(28.6%vs.9.1%,P=0.004).Seven(13%)patients with lymphedema had lower limb cellulitis compared to none in those without *** multivariate regression analysis,factors independently associated with lymphatic dysfunction included obesity[odds ratio(OR):4.2,95%confidence intervals(95%CI):1.1–15.2,P=0.027],lymphocytopenia[OR:6.2,95%CI:2.9–13.2,Pd hypoproteinemia[OR:3.7,95%CI:1.5–8.82,P=0.003].CONCLUSION Lymphatic dysfunction is common in cirrho

关键词： Cirrhosis Lymphedema Lymphangicetasia Refractory ascites Chylous ascites Lymphocytopenia

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modelling of electric vehicle charging station and controlled by fuzzy logic controller with different modes of operation

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Journal of Control and decision 2023年第1期10卷 26-39页

作者： S.C.Vijay Kumar K.Karunanithi S.P.Raja S.ramesh P.Chandrasekar R.Obulupathy vel tech rangarajan dr.sagunthala r&d institute of science and technology chennaitamil naduindia school of computer science and engineering vellore institute of technologyvelloretamil naduindia

The main objective of implementing charging stations is to ensure the good charging to theElectric Vehicles by using a solar PV array which is interconnected to the battery energy storagesystems. The charging station regulates the supply voltage and frequency without the use of amechanical speed governor. It also assures that energy gained from grid or by the dG set willhave the unity power factor (UPF) when the load is nonlinear. Besides this, the Point of CommonCoupling (PCC) voltage is synchronised with the grid/generator voltage in order to providecontinuous charging. In order to increase the optimal efficiency of the charging stations, thecharging stations will perform the active/reactive power transfer from the vehicle to grid, vehicleto house and vehicle to vehicle (V2V) power transfer. The operational experiment of the chargingstation is simulated and verified by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

关键词： Electric vehicle charging station solar photo-voltaic generation energy transfer diesel-generator set fuzzy logic controller total harmonic distortion

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Effect of Copper doping on Structural, dielectric and dC Electrical Resistivity Properties of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2013年第1期3卷 77-82页

作者： Moganti Venkata Someswara Rao Kocharlakota Venkata ramesh Majeti Naga Venkata ramesh Bonthula Srinivasa Rao department of Physics GIT GITAM University Visakhapatnam India department of Physics S.R.K.R. Engineering College Bhimavaram India

The modified BaTiO3 ferroelectric materials are suitable for pyroelectric applications. This paper reports the structural, dielectric and electrical properties on copper influence in BaTiO3 when it was substituted site “A” of perovskite structure of BaTiO3. Copper has been chosen for modified BaTiO3 with different concentrations with stoichiometry Ba1-xCuxTiO3, where x = 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.04%. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples doped with different composition of CuO are found to be that the positions and intensities of the diffraction peaks are similar and no secondary phases were observed. The Curie’s temperature (Tc) for all CuO doped BaTiO3 with were found to be in the range of 120°C to 125°C. The frequency dependence of relative permittivity (εr) and dielectric loss (Tanδ) of Ba1-xCuxTiO3 samples at room temperature were reported in the range 100 KHz - 1 MHz. The temperature dependence of d.C electrical resistivity studies were reported for all samples indicating that the participation of Cu2+-Cu+ ions in the conduction process around their Curie’s temperature.

关键词： Barium Titanate Copper doping dielectric Properties dC Electrical Resistivity Frequency dependence

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低雷诺数下串列布置双方柱双自由度涡激振动研究

低雷诺数下串列布置双方柱双自由度涡激振动研究

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作者： ramesh Nepali 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

作为一种复杂的现象,流固耦合在许多工程中具有重要的实际意义。在过去的几十年里,对这一现象已经从理论、实验和数值研究等多方面开展了大量的研究。已有的研究结果表明,绕流钝体截面形式的不同可能会改变涡激振动的一些最基本特性。... 详细信息

作为一种复杂的现象,流固耦合在许多工程中具有重要的实际意义。在过去的几十年里,对这一现象已经从理论、实验和数值研究等多方面开展了大量的研究。已有的研究结果表明,绕流钝体截面形式的不同可能会改变涡激振动的一些最基本特性。方形截面由于其几何结构简单,一直是工程设计中最常用的结构截面形式之一。然而,迄今为止,关于多方柱多自由度下的VIV响应还未曾开展研究。因此,研究两自由度串联方柱的涡激振动特性具有重要意义。本文数值研究了串联双方柱的涡激振动响应。双方柱均为低质量比(M=2)和零阻尼,且能够在顺流向和横流向发生振动。双方柱中心间的距离固定在5d(d为方柱边长)。采用CBS有限元法求解控制方程。为了探究层流机制下不同雷诺数下的VIV特性,本文研究了以40为增幅、区间为40～200的雷诺数Re。在每个雷诺数下,又探究不同约化速度U的影响(U=3～13)。从频率响应、力和位移响应、圆柱体位移轨迹、力和位移时程及其相应的快速傅立叶变换(FFT)分析和尾流泻涡模式等方面研究了两自由度串联方柱VIV的各方面特性。结果表明,Re和U对两个方柱动力响应的影响在本质上是相似的。但是,由于处于上游方柱的尾迹中,下游方柱受到的影响相对更大。当Re≥120及以上时,对于上游方柱,顺流向的低频特征只在某几个高约化速度下呈现出来;而对于下游方柱,该特征则存在于一个较宽的约化速度范围内。当Re≤120,在U=5时,双方柱均不发生振动;然而当Re>120,在U=5时,双方柱以最大振幅发生振动(特别是下游方柱的顺流向振动)。与此同时,尾流呈现出复杂变化。本文接着在Re=100下,研究了三个不同自然频率比(顺流向自然频率与横流向自然频率之比)对方柱VIV特性的影响,分别取为f=1,1.5和2。在自然频率比为1和1.5下,所有结果都几乎一致,说明自然频率的改变几乎没有影响。当自然频率比增加至2的时候,影响开始显现,但仅局限于锁定区间。对比自然频率改变引起的方柱振幅的改变与各个自然频率下尾流扰动引起的方柱振幅的改变可以发现,尾流扰动对下游方柱的影响占主导。本文研究的上游方柱与已有文献中研究的单方柱的结果比较表明,尾流扰动对上游方柱的振动特性有影响。然而,从研究两圆柱的已有文献中发现,上游圆柱的振动特性与单圆柱的结果相似。另外,通过对比本文获得的下游方柱的结果与已有文献中各种串联双柱体的结果,发现上游柱体的自由度与截面形式的变化(从圆形到方形)对下游柱体的顺流向振动特性有显著影响。本文的研究结果对直线布置的两个弹性安装方柱的振动特性有一定的指导意义。此外,将现有的仿真结果与现有圆柱的结果进行比较,得到了一些有意义的结论,为工程设计中稳定结构横截面的分析提供了基础。

关键词：涡激振动双自由度串联方柱有限元方法流动特性泻涡

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Study of disorder in pulsed laser deposited double perovskite oxides by first-principle structure prediction

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 826-833页

作者： Edoardo Fertitta Sujit das debalina Banerjee Farbod Ebrahimi Clément Barraud Kai du He Tian Chris J.Pickard Cedric Weber Ramamoorthy ramesh Peter Littlewood david dubbink Happy Electron Ltd. LondonUnited Kingdom department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA department of Physics King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques UMR 7162Universitéde ParisCNRSParisFrance Center of Electron Microscopy School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina department of Materials Science and Metallurgy CambridgeUnited Kingdom Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendaiJapan department of Physics James Franck InstituteUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA

double perovskite oxides,with generalized formula A_(2)BB'O_(6),attract wide interest due to their multiferroic and charge transfer *** offer a wide range of potential applications such as spintronics and electrically tunable ***,great practical limitations are encountered,since a spontaneous order of the B-site cations is notoriously hard to *** this joint experimental-theoretical work,we focused on the characterization of double perovskites La2TiFeO6 and La_(2)VCuO_(6) films grown by pulsed laser deposition and interpretation of the observed B-site disorder and partial charge transfer between the B-site ions.A random structure sampling method was used to show that several phases compete due to their corresponding configurational *** order to capture a representative picture of the most relevant competing microstates in realistic experimental conditions,this search included the potential formation of non-stoichiometric phases as well,which could also be directly related to the observed partial charge *** optimized the information encapsulated in the potential energy landscape,captured via structure sampling,by evaluating both enthalpic and entropic *** terms were employed as a metric for the competition of different *** approach,applied herein specifically to La_(2)TiFeO_(6),highlights the presence of highly entropic phases above the ground state which can explain the disorder observed frequently in the broader class of double perovskite oxides.

关键词： laser double structure

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Irrigation and Nitrogen Requirements of Wheat under Shallow Water Table Conditions of Asmara, Eritrea

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第4期4卷 80-87页

作者： Fekadu Tesfamichael ramesh Prasad Tripathi Mehreteab Tesfai department of land Resources and Environment Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea

Wheat (Triticum astivum L.) is traditionally rainfed in Eritrea. Yields are low because of poor soil management and low water and nutrient inputs. A field experiment was conducted in Akria farm, located in the outskirts of Asmara. The soil was clay loam associated with non-saline shallow water tables fluctuating from 0.4 to 1.2 m depths during the crop season. Wheat variety Wedel Nile was planted in split plot design with four levels of supplementary irrigations (SI) viz. I1 (rainfed, 0 SI), I2 (1/3 of full SI), I3 (2/3 of full SI), and I4 (full SI) in main plots and three levels of nitrogen viz. N1 (18 kg N haǃ), N2 (50 kg N haǃ), and N3 (100 kg N haǃ) as sub-plots in three replications. Full SI refers to amount of water necessary to replenish soil moisture deficit in the root zone from field capacity to 50% depletion of the available soil moisture. Groundwater table was constant around 0.4 m depth for 32 days from planting and declined slowly thereafter. Wetness around 0.3 m depth was thus near field capacity until second week of december and reduced thereafter with declining water table. Average soil moisture depletion was 94 mm under rainfed and 64 mm under full irrigation. No symptoms of wilting were observed in any of the treatments due to shallow water tables. Upward flux from the water table was 4.6 mm·d-1 until 30 days from planting, which declined to 0.2 mm·d-1 when the water table declined below 0.9 m depth. Optimum yield of wheat (5603 kg·ha-1) was obtained by application of 58 mm irrigation (I3) and 100 kg·ha-1 nitrogen (N3). Total water use for optimum yield of wheat was 382 mm and water use efficiency was 14.7 kg·ha-1·mm-1. Contribution from water table to the evapotranspiration requirements of wheat was highest (61%) under rainfed (I1

关键词： Evapotranspiration Nitrogen Supplementary Irrigation Water Table Contribution Water Table Wheat

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Non-odontogenic toothache revisited

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2011年第3期1卷 92-102页

作者： ramesh Balasubramaniam Lena N. Turner dena Fischer Gary d. Klasser Jeffrey P. Okeson 不详

Although pain of dental origin is the most common orofacial pain, other non-odontogenic pains can af-fect the orofacial region and occasionally mimic den-tal pain. These non-odontogenic pains may pose a diagnostic dilemma for the dental practitioner who routinely diagnoses and treats dental pain. Knowledge of the various non-odontogenic pains will ultimately prevent misdiagnosis and the delivery of incorrect and sometimes irreversible and invasive procedures to patients. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical presentations of the various types of non-odontogenic pains which may be mistaken as dental pain: myofascial, cardiac, sinus, neurovascular, neuropathic, neoplastic and psychogenic pain.

关键词： Non-Odontogenic Toothache Orofacial Pain

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Effect of Cell Size on the Fundamental Natural Frequency of FRP Honeycomb Sandwich Panels

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第7期11卷 653-660页

作者： Sourabha S. Havaldar ramesh S Sharma Arul Prakash M. d. Antony Mohan Bangaru department of Mechanical Engineering PES Institute of Technology Bangalore department of Production Technology Madras Institute of Technology Chennai India

In the present work, the effect of hexagonal cell size of the core on the fundamental natural frequency of FRP honey-comb sandwich panels has been analyzed both experimentally and by finite element technique. Experimental modal tests were conducted on hexagonal cell honeycombs ranging in size from 8 mm to 20 mm maintaining the facing thickness constant at around 1mm with two different boundary conditions viz C-F-F-F and C-F-C-F. The traditional “strike method” has been used to measure the vibration properties. The modal characteristics of the specimens have been obtained by studying its impulse response. Each specimen has been subjected to impulses through a hard tipped hammer which is provided with a force transducer and the response has been measured through the accelerometer. The impulse and the response are processed through a computer aided FFT Analyzing test system in order to extract the modal parameters with the aid of software. Theoretical investigations have been attempted with appropriate assumptions to understand the behavior of the honeycomb sandwich panels during dynamic loading and to validate experimental results. Finite Element modeling has been done treating the facing as an orthotropic laminate and Core as orthotropic with different elastic constants as recommended in the literature. The results are presented which show that the theoretical model can accurately predict the fundamental frequency and how honeycombs with difference cell size will perform under dynamic loads.

关键词： Honeycomb modal Testing FRP Impulse Frequency

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Small interfering RNA for cancer treatment:overcoming hurdles in delivery

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第11期10卷 2075-2109页

作者： Nitin Bharat Charbe Nikhil d.Amnerkar B.ramesh Murtaza M.Tambuwala Hamid A.Bakshi Alaa A.A.Aljabali Saurabh C.Khadse Rajendran Satheeshkumar Saurabh Satija Meenu Metha dinesh Kumar Chellappan Garima Shrivastava Gaurav Gupta Poonam Negi Kamal dua Flavia C.Zacconin departamento de Quimica Orgánica Facultad de Química y de FarmaciaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago 7820436Chile Sri Adichunchunagiri College of Pharmacy Sri Adichunchunagiri UniversityBG NagarKarnataka 571418India Adv V.R.Manohar Institute of diploma in Pharmacy NagpurMaharashtra 441110India School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Ulster UniversityColeraineNorthern Ireland BT521SAUK Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyYarmouk UniversityIrbid 21163Jordan department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry R.C.Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchDist.DhuleMaharashtra 425405India discipline of Pharmacy Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyNSW 2007Australia School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Lovely Professional UniversityPhagwara 144411 PunjabIndia department of Life Sciences School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityBukit Jalil 57000Kuala LumpurMalaysia department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Indian Institute of TechnologyDelhiNew Delhi 110016India School of Pharmacy Suresh Gyan Vihar UniversityJagatpuraJaipur 302017India School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management SciencesSolan 173229India Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute(HMRI)and School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleNSW 2308Australia Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering Schools of EngineeringMedicine and Biological SciencesPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago 4860Chile

In many ways,cancer cells are different from healthy cells.A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy ***,nanotechnology-based delivery systems are the most promising tool to deliver dNA-based products to cancer *** review aims to highlight the latest development in the lipids and polymeric nanocarrier for siRNA delivery to the cancer *** also provides the necessary information about siRNA development and its mechanism of ***,this review gives us a clear picture of lipid and polymer-based drug delivery systems,which in the future could form the base to translate the basic siRNA biology into siRNA-based cancer therapies.

关键词： Small interfering RNA(siRNA) Nanomedicine Liposomes Micelles Cancer Polymer

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