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Effect of land-use management systems on coupled physical and mechanical,chemical and biological soil processes:how can we maintain and predict soil properties and functions?

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第3期7卷 243-245页

作者： rainer HORN Winfried E.H.bLUM Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 24118 KielGermany Institute of Soil Research University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences(BOKU)1190 ViennaAustria

Soil is one of the most critical life-supporting components of the biosphere. Soil provides many ecosystem services,such as a habitat for biodiversity, water and nutrients, food, feed, fiber and energy, but also serves as archaeologicalrepositories. In addition to natural changes in pedological properties and functions over the course of time (soilgenesis), their properties also undergo intense and irreversible changes due to a non-site adjusted landmanagement and improper application of machinery, sealing and techniques as well as chemical impacts includingacidity from acid rain, heavy metals pollution and salinity.

关键词： soil maintain sealing

Predicting potential invasion risks of Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de Wit in the arid area of Saudi Arabia

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第7期16卷 983-999页

作者： Haq S MARIFATUL Darwish MOHAMMED Waheed MUHAMMAD Kumar MANOJ Siddiqui H MANZER bussmann W rainer Department of Ethnobotany Institute of BotanyIlia State UniversityTbilisi 0162Georgia The Centre of Excellence on Sustainable Land Management(CoE-SLM) Indian Council of Forestry Research and EducationDehradun 248006India Department of botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of botany State Museum for Natural HistoryKarlsruhe 76133Germany

The presence of invasive plant species poses a substantial ecological impact,thus comprehensive evaluation of their potential range and risk under the influence of climate change is *** study uses maximum entropy(MaxEnt)modeling to forecast the likelihood of Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de Wit invasion in Saudi Arabia under present and future climate change *** the MaxEnt modeling,we integrated climatic and soil data to predict habitat suitability for the invasive *** conducted a detailed analysis of the distribution patterns of the species,using climate variables and ecological *** focused on the important influence of temperature seasonality,temperature annual range,and precipitation *** distribution modeling used robust measures of area under the curve(AUC)and receiver-operator characteristic(ROC)curves,to map the invasion extent,which has a high level of accuracy in identifying appropriate *** complex interaction that influenced the invasion of *** was highlighted by the environmental parameters using Jackknife ***,the actual geographic area where *** was found in Saudi Arabia was considerably smaller than the theoretical maximum range,suggesting that it had the capacity to expand *** MaxEnt model exhibited excellent prediction accuracy and produced reliable results based on the data from the ROC *** and temperature were the primary factors influencing the potential distribution of ***,an estimated area of 216,342 km^(2)in Saudi Arabia was at a high probability of invasion by *** investigated the potential for increased invasion hazards in the future due to climate change scenarios(Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)245 and 585).The analysis of key climatic variables,including temperature seasonality and annual range,along with soil properties such as clay composition and nitrogen content,unveiled their substanti

关键词： area under the curve invasive species invasion risks climate change MaxEnt model

On the compensator of the default process in an information-based model

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Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk 2017年第1期2卷 230-250页

作者： Matteo Ludovico bedini rainer buckdahn Hans-Jurgen Engelbert Numerix MilanoItaly Universite de bretagne Occidentale BrestFrance´School of MathematicsShandong UniversityJinanShandong ProvincePeople’s Republic of China Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Fakult¨at f¨ur Mathematik und InformatikInstitut f¨ur StochastikJena¨Germany

This paper provides sufficient conditions for the time of bankruptcy(of a company or a state)for being a totally inaccessible stopping time and provides the explicit computation of its compensator in a framework where the flow of market information on the default is modelled explicitly with a brownian bridge between 0 and 0 on a random time interval.

关键词： Default time Totally inaccessible stopping time brownian bridge on random intervals Local time Credit risk Compensator process

Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks for modelling fuel sprays

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Energy and AI 2023年第2期12卷 62-75页

作者： Cihan Ates Farhad Karwan Max Okraschevski rainer Koch Hans-Jörg bauer Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT) Institute of Thermal TurbomachineryGermany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT) Machine Intelligence in Energy SystemsGermany

In this study, the probabilistic, data driven nature of the generative adversarial neural networks (GANs)was utilized to conduct virtual spray simulations for conditions relevant to aero engine combustors. Themodel consists of two sub-modules: (i) an autoencoder converting the variable length droplet trajectories intofixed length, lower dimensional representations and (ii) a Wasserstein GAN that learns to mimic the latentrepresentations of the evaporating droplets along their lifetime. The GAN module was also conditioned withthe injection location and the diameters of the droplets to increase the generalizability of the whole *** training data was provided from highly resolved 3D, transient Eulerian–Lagrangian, large eddy simulationsconducted with OpenFOAM. Neural network models were created and trained within the open source machinelearning framework of PyTorch. Predictive capabilities of the proposed method was discussed with respect tospray statistics and evaporation dynamics. Results show that conditioned GAN models offer a great potentialas low order model approximations with high computational efficiency. Nonetheless, the capabilities of theautoencoder module to preserve local dependencies should be improved to realize this potential. For the currentcase study, the custom model architecture was capable of conducting the simulation in the order of secondsafter a day of training, which had taken one week on HPC with the conventional CFD approach for the samenumber of droplets (200,000 trajectories).

关键词： Generative Adversarial Networks Generative learning Fuel injection Aero engines Multivariate time series

Cellular heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer: the different faces of gremlin action

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第11期7卷 3992-3994页

作者： Aristidis Moustakas J.Matthias Löhr rainer L.Heuchel Department of Medical biochemistry and Microbiology Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Department of Clinical Intervention and Technology(CLINTEC) Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

A recent publication in Nature by Lan et al.,presented GREM1(gremlin 1)as an important regulatory node of cellular plasticity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).1 Knockout experiments in mice point to an important role of Grem1 in retaining an epithelial,differentiated phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells presumably by inhibiting bMP signalling.

关键词： al. cancer inhibiting

Alkaline phosphatase predicts relapse in chronic hepatitis C patients with end-of-treatment response

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第19期16卷 2407-2410页

作者： Gerd bodlaj rainer Hubmann Karim Saleh Tatjana Stojakovic Georg biesenbach Jrg berg Second Department of Medicine General Hospital Linz A-4020 Linz Austria Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics Medical University of Graz A-8010 Graz Austria Institute of Laboratory Medicine General Hospital Linz A-4020 Linz Austria

AIM: To investigate relapse predictors in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with end-of-treatment response (ETR), after pegylated interferon-α (PegIFN-α) and ribavirin treatment. METHODS: In a retrospective study we evaluated a spectrum of predictors of relapse after PegIFN-α and ribavirin treatment in 86 CHC patients with ETR. Viral loads were determined with real-time reverse transcrip-tion polymerase chain reaction. Hepatitis C virus geno-typing was performed by sequencing analysis. Patients with genotype 1 were treated for 48 wk with 180 μg PegIFN-α2a or 1.5 μg/kg PegIFN-α2b once weekly plus ribavirin at a dosage of 1000 mg/d for those under 75 kg or 1200 mg/d for those over 75 kg. Patients with geno- types 2 and 3 were treated for 24 wk with 180 μgPegIFN-α2a or 1.5 μg/kg PegIFN-α2b once weekly plus ribavirin at a dosage of 800 mg/d. RESULTS: In all ETR patients, binary logistic regression analysis identif ied absence of complete early virological response (cEVR) (OR 27.07, 95% CI: 3.09-237.26, P body mass index > 26 kg/m2 (OR: 8.27, 95% CI: 2.22-30.84, P be associated with a higher risk of relapse in CHC patients with ETR.

关键词： Alkaline phosphatase Chronic hepatitis C Pegylated interferon Predictor Relapse

High resolution scanning gate microscopy measurements on InAs/GaSb nanowire Esaki diode devices

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Nano Research 2014年第6期7卷 877-887页

作者： James L. Webb Olof Perssor Kimberly A. Dick Claes Thelander rainer Timm Anders Mikkelsen Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research Lund University Sweden Center forAnalysis and Synthesis Lund University Sweden Division of Solid State Physics Lund University Sweden

Gated transport measurements are the backbone of electrical characterization of nanoscale electronic devices. Scanning gate microscopy （SGM） is one such gating technique that adds crucial spatial information, accessing the localized properties of semiconductor devices. Nanowires represent a central device concept due to the potential to combine very different materials. However, SGM on semiconductor nanowires has been limited to a resolution in the 50-100 nm range. Here, we present a study by SGM of newly developed III-V semiconductor nanowire InAs/GaSb heterojunction Esaki tunnel diode devices under ultra-high vacuum. Sub-5 nm resolution is demonstrated at room temperature via use of quartz resonator atomic force microscopy sensors, with the capability to resolve InAs nanowire facets, the InAs/GaSb tunnel diode transition and nanoscale defects on the device. We demonstrate that such measurements can rapidly give important insight into the device properties via use of a simplified physical model, without the requirement for extensive calculation of the electrostatics of the system. Interestingly, by precise spatial correlation of the device electrical transport properties and surface structure we show the position and existence of a very abrupt （〈10 nm） electrical transition across the InAs/GaSb junction despite the change in material composition occurring only over 30-50 nm. The direct and simultaneous link between nanostructure composition and electrical properties helps set important limits for the precision in structural control needed to achieve desired device performance.

关键词： nanowire,scanning gate microscopy Esaki tunnel diode,InAs,GaSb,III-V,heterostructure

Fiduciary Duties in Company Law:A German Perspective

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Contemporary Social Sciences 2022年第6期7卷 83-110页

作者： rainer Kulms Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law

As Chinese practitioners and scholars ponder the scope of fiduciary obligations under the country’s company law,this paper offers a comparative perspective from German *** German corporate law has not rejected legal transplants,the common law trust has never been accepted as an organizational device for administering third-party funds or doing ***,the German judiciary has developed a sophisticated concept of fiduciary obligations where the statutes remain *** paper explores the application of fiduciary obligations to limited partnerships,limited liability companies,and stock *** takes a membership perspective to ascertain the legal relationships between a corporation and its shareholder-members and among fellow-shareholders,as business entities evolve from personalistic to capitalistic *** obligations also inform the relationship between the corporation and its directors and corporate *** German law does not classify directors and corporate officers as the shareholders’direct trustees,shareholders stand nonetheless to benefit from the way directors and corporate offices discharge their duties towards the respective corporate ***,criminal law rules on embezzlement operate to protect the corporation and the monies it administers from overly risky business projects.

关键词： German company law limited liability companies stock corporations directors’duties of loyalty and care criminal law liability for embezzlement

Einstein’s Elevator in Cosmology

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第16期7卷 2347-2356页

作者： rainer burghardt Obritz Austria

The metrics of gravitational and cosmological models are brought into canonical form in comoving coordinates. The FWR curvature parameter k is read from this and it is shown that k=0 does not correlate to a flat model, but for a spatially positively curved geometry in which reference systems which are in free fall exist. This also corresponds to Einstein’s elevator principle. Moreover, we will show that our subluminal cosmos is associated with the Rb>hb>=ct model of Melia, assuming that k=0 is related to a free-falling system in the sense described above.

关键词： Cosmology Einstein’s Elevator Canonical Form of the Metric