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Strongyloides stercoralis prevalence and diagnostics in Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第5期9卷 118-119页

作者： Somaphone Chankongsin rahel wampfler Marie-Therese Ruf Peter Odermatt Hanspeter Marti Beatrice Nickel Valy Keoluangkhot Andreas Neumayr 不详 University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Department of Medicine Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteBaselSwitzerland

Background:Despite the high prevalence of strongyloidiasis in the Laotian population,Laotian hospitals still lack diagnostic capacity to appropriately diagnose Strongyloides stercoralis *** cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted to assess the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among hospitalized patients treated at Mahosot Hospital,the primary reference hospital of Lao People’s Democratic Republic(Lao PDR),and to validate feasible methods for diagnosing *** infection at hospital’s ***:Between September and December 2018,stool samples of 104 inpatients were investigated for *** infection by wet smear,Baermann technique,Koga Agar plate culture(KAPC),and real-time detection polymerase chain reaction(RTD-PCR)at the Infectious Diseases Ward of the Mahosot Hospital in *** sensitivity,the specificity,the negative predictive value(NPV)of each diagnostic test,as well as their combination(s)was calculated using a composite reference standard(CRS).The correlation of the different test methods was assessed by chi-square or Fisher’s exact ***’s kappa coefficient was used to assess the diagnostic agreement of the different test ***:The overall prevalence of *** infections among the study population was 33.4%.The cumulative infection prevalence statistically significantly increased from the lowest age group of 40 years and below(22.4%),to the medium(40.0%)and to the oldest age group of 61 year and above(72.7%)(P=0.003).The cumulative infection prevalence of CRS was considerably higher in male(40.4%)compared to female patients(28.1%),but not statistically different(P=0.184).The diagnostic sensitivity of Baermann technique,KAPC,RTD-PCR,and the combination of Baermann technique and KAPC were 60.0,60.0,74.3,and 77.1%,*** 13 patients(37.1%)of the total 35 *** patients diagnosed with any technique had a simultaneously positive diagnostic test with Baer

关键词： Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloidiasis Wet smear Baermann method Koga agar plate culture Real time detection PCR

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High prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in a desert population: results from an exploratory study around the Ounianga lakes in Chad

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第1期11卷 86-87页

作者： Wendelin Moser Annour Adoum Batil Rebekka Ott Moussa Abderamane Ruth Clements rahel wampfler Sven Poppert Peter Steinmann Fiona Allan Helena Greter Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland 不详

Background Researching a water-borne disease in the middle of the Sahara desert might not seem the most relevant ***,nomadic Sahelian pastoralists health concerns regarding their livestock and anecdotal reports about trematode infections of Fasciola *** Schistosoma *** desert-raised animals justified an exploratory study focusing on the lakes of Ounianga in Northern *** aim was to test whether trematode parasites such as Schistosoma *** in human populations living around the Sahara desert lakes of Ounianga Kebir and Ounianga Serir in northern *** The study was carried out in January 2019 and comprised of three ***,a cross sectional survey based on a random sample drawn from the population to detect infections with *** and ***;second,focus group discussions exploring disease priorities,access to health and health seeking behaviour;and third,surveying water contact sites for intermediate host *** of trematode parasites and snails were confirmed on species level by molecular genetic *** parasitological and malacological surveys descriptive statistics were *** data analysis included the full review of all transcripts,followed by a descriptive and explorative thematic *** Among 258 participants,the overall *** prevalence using urine filtration was 39.2%[95%confidence interval(CI):33.5–45.1%],with 51.5%of the infected suffering from heavy *** intermediate host snail of ***(Bulinus truncatus)occurred at water contact sites near both study villages,revealing the potential for local *** a positive *** point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen(POC-CCA)test result was obtained from 8.6%(95%CI 5.7–12.8%)of the samples,no intermediate host snails of *** were found,and the relevance of *** remains *** findings underline the importance of morbidity caused by urinary schistosomiasis

关键词： Bulinus truncatus Chad Malacology Ounianga POC-CCA Prevalence Sahara Schistosoma bovis Schistosoma haematobium Schistosomiasis

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Meteorological drought in semi-arid regions:A case study of Iran

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第11期14卷 1212-1233页

作者： Hushiar HAMARASH rahel HAMAD Azad RASUL Scientific Research Center Soran UniversitySoran 44008Iraq Faculty of Arts Department of GeographySoran UniversitySoran 44008Iraq

Drought occurs in almost all climate zones and is characterized by prolonged water deficiency due to unbalanced demand and supply of water,persistent insufficient precipitation,lack of moisture,and high *** caused by insufficient precipitation is a temporary and recurring meteorological *** in semi-arid regions is different from that in other regions,ranging from 50 to 750 *** general,the semi-arid regions in the west and north of Iran received more precipitation than those in the east and *** Terrestrial Climate(TerraClimate)data,including monthly precipitation,minimum temperature,maximum temperature,potential evapotranspiration,and the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI)developed by the University of Idaho,were used in this *** PDSI data was directly obtained from the Google Earth Engine *** Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)on two different scales were calculated in time series and also both SPI and SPEI were shown in spatial distribution *** result showed that normal conditions were a common occurrence in the semi-arid regions of Iran over the majority of years from 2000 to 2020,according to a spatiotemporal study of the SPI at 3-month and 12-month time scales as well as the SPEI at 3-month and 12-month time ***,the PDSI detected extreme dry years during 2000-2003 and in 2007,2014,and *** many semi-arid regions of Iran,the SPI at 3-month time scale is higher than the SPEI at 3-month time scale in 2000,2008,2014,2015,and *** general,this study concluded that the semi-arid regions underwent normal weather conditions from 2000 to *** a way,moderate,severe,and extreme dry occurred with a lesser percentage,gradually *** to the PDSI,during 2000-2003 and 2007-2014,extreme dry struck practically all hot semi-arid regions of *** parts of the cold semi-arid regions,on the other hand,only ex

关键词： meteorological drought precipitation Standardized Precipitation Index Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index Palmer Drought Severity Index Iran

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Critique of forms of life

Critique of forms of life

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作者： rahel Jaeggi

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Effects of age and sex on clinical high-risk for psychosis in the community

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2020年第5期10卷 101-124页

作者： Frauke Schultze-Lutter Benno G Schimmelmann rahel Fluckiger Chantal Michel Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine UniversityDüsseldorf 40692Germany University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of BernBern 3000Switzerland University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg 20246Germany

BACKGROUND Recent reports of both heightened prevalence rates and limited clinical relevance of clinical high-risk(CHR)criteria and their relevant symptoms in children and adolescents indicate an important role of neurodevelopment in the early detection of ***,sex effects in CHR symptoms have been reported,though studies were *** sex also impacts on neurodevelopment,we expected that sex might have an additional contribution to age in the prevalence and clinical relevance of CHR symptoms and *** To investigate age and sex effects on CHR criteria and symptoms and their association with psychosocial impairment and mental *** In this cross-sectional cohort study,n=29168-to 40-year-olds,randomly drawn from the population register of the Swiss canton Bern,were assessed in semistructured interviews by phone or face-to-face for CHR symptoms and criteria using the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes and the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument in its child and youth,and adult version,***,social and occupational functioning and DSM-IV axis I disorders were *** and interaction effects of age and sex on CHR symptoms and criteria,and interaction effects of age,sex,and CHR symptoms and criteria on presentation of functional impairment and of non-psychotic disorder were investigated using logistic regression *** Altogether,542(18.6%)participants reported any CHR symptom;of these,261(9.0%)participants reported any one of the 11 criteria relevant cognitive and perceptual basic symptoms,and 381(13.1%)any one of the five attenuated or transient psychotic symptoms(attenuated psychotic symptoms/brief intermittent psychotic symptoms).Fewer participants met any one of the CHR criteria(n=82,2.8%)or any one of the three recently recommended CHR criteria(n=38,1.3%).Both age and sex were significantly(P<0.05)associated with CHR symptoms and criteria,mostly by younger age and female se

关键词： Psychosis Clinical high-risk Attenuated psychotic symptoms Basic symptoms Community Age Sex Interview assessment Prevalence

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Technical and technological constraints facing Tanzania leather value chain:a snapshot of intervention measures

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Journal of Leather Science and Engineering 2022年第1期4卷 287-298页

作者： Cecilia Rolence China rahel Elibariki Jamal Msami Stephen Mwombela Lugano Wilson Tanzania Industrial Research and Development Organization P.O.Box 23235Dar es SalaamTanzania REPOA 157 Mgombani Street Regent EstateP.O.Box 33223Dar es SalaamTanzania

The leather value chain starts with livestock, the key source of hides and skins, and the main raw materials for the industry. Despite having the second-largest livestock population in Africa, Tanzania is only the 11th largest exporter of leather on the continent, underlining the disproportionate contribution of the sector to the economy. This study presents the results of a recent assessment aimed at identifying performance bottlenecks in Tanzania’s leather sector. The assessment took place in October-December 2020 and involved 10 tanneries, 30 leather goods factories and 11 service providers/institutions. Findings reveal that 90% of tanneries are dissatisfied with the quality of hides and skins due to brand marks, flay cuts, skin diseases, and inadequate curing. These supply chain bottlenecks are further compounded by skill deficiencies among processors, poor waste management, and limited awareness about laws, policies and regulations governing trade in the sector. At the downstream end of the value chain, the trade in leather and related articles is facing competition from high importation of low-grade products like plastic shoes and second- hand products. This paper recommends that efforts to increase leather’s economic and trade value need to focus on upgrading Tanzania’s production, processing, branding and marketing capacities.

关键词： Leather value chain Hides and skins Constraints Interventions

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Diagnostic significance of complete blood cell count and hemogramderived markers for neonatal sepsis at Southwest Public Hospitals,Ethiopia

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 114-126页

作者： Dereje Abebe Regassa rahel Shumi Nagaash Bisirat Fikadu Habtu Woyesa Beyene Haile Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Wolkite UniversityWolkite 11330Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Dire Dawa UniversityDire Dawa 3000Ethiopia

BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis is defined as an infection-related condition characterized by signs and symptoms of bacteremia within the first month of *** is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among *** several studies have been conducted in other parts of world to assess the usefulness of complete blood count parameters and hemogram-derived markers as early screening tools for neonatal sepsis,the associations between sepsis and its complications with these blood parameters are still being investigated in our setting and are not yet part of routine *** To evaluate the diagnostic significance of complete blood cell count hemogramderived novel markers for neonatal sepsis among neonates attending public hospitals in the southwest region of Oromia,Ethiopia,through a case control *** A case control study was conducted from October 2021 to October 2023 Sociodemographic,clinical history,and laboratory test results data were collected using structured *** collected data were entered into Epi-data 3.1 version and exported to SPSS-25 for ***-square,independent sample ttest,and receiver operator characteristics curve of curve were used for analysis.A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically *** In this study,significant increases were observed in the following values in the case group compared to the control group:In white blood cell(WBC)count,neutrophils,monocyte,mean platelet volume(MPV),neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio,monocyte to lymphocyte ratio(MLR),red blood cell width to platelet count ratio(RPR),red blood width coefficient variation,MPV to RPR,and platelet to lymphocyte *** MLR,a cut-off value of≥0.26 was found,with a sensitivity of 68%,a specificity of 95%,a positive predictive value(PPV)of 93.2%,and a negative predictive value(NPV)of 74.8%.The area under the curve(AUC)was 0.828(P<0.001).For WBC,a cutoff value of≥11.42 was identified,with a sensitivity of 55%,a s

关键词： Complete blood count Hemogram-derived marker Neonate Sepsis Ethiopia

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Platelet indices as predictors of poor glucoregulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus adults at Bishoftu General Hospital,Ethiopia

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第9期15卷 1889-1902页

作者： Dereje Abebe Regassa Gebeyaw Arega Berihun Bisrat Fikadu Habtu Woyesa Beyene Haile rahel Shumi Nagaash Girum Tesfaye Kiya Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Wolkite UniversityWolkite 11330Ethiopia School of Medical Laboratory Sciences Jimma UniversityJimma 47Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Dire Dawa UniversityDire Dawa 3000Ethiopia

BACKGROUND Diabetes is a chronic metabolic syndrome that has become a global public health problem with significant morbidity and *** is a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic condition characterized by increased platelet activation and alterations in platelet ***,the use of platelet indices as predictors of poor glucoregulation has not been fully evaluated in this context,and evidence for their role as predictors of poor glycemic status in diabetic patients is *** To evaluate platelet indices and determine their prognostic significance in relation to inadequate glucoregulation among individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at Bishoftu General Hospital in Ethiopia,from June 15 to August 12,*** A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 261 participants including 174 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and 87 non-diabetic *** systematic random sampling technique was used to select *** were collected using structured questionnaires,physical measurements,checklists,and laboratory *** parameters and fasting blood glucose levels were determined from blood samples using Sysmex-XN550 and CobasC311 analyzers,*** hematology analyzer output was checked and participants were also screened for malaria parasites using a prepared blood *** data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for ***χ^(2) test,Mann-Whitney U test,Kruskal-Wallis test,post hoc test,Spearman correlation,and receiver operating characteristic curve were used for analysis.A P value<0.05 was considered statistically *** The results of our study indicate that diabetic patients have significantly higher levels of platelet distribution width(PDW),mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet large cell ratio(PLCR),and plateletcrit(PCT)compared to healthy individuals(P<0.001).Furthermore,these indices were found to be significantly elevated in individuals

关键词： Platelet indices Type 2 diabetes mellitus Controls Adult Ethiopia

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The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture Production in Ethiopia: Application of a Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model

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American Journal of Climate Change 2021年第1期10卷 32-50页

作者： rahel Solomon Belay Simane Benjamin F. Zaitchik Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Addis Ababa Ethiopia College of Development Studies Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA

The challenge of meeting the ever-increasing food demand for the growing population will be further exacerbated by climate change in Ethiopia. This paper presents the simulated economy-wide impacts of climate change on the agriculture sector of Ethiopia using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The study simulated the scenarios of agricultural productivity change induced by climate change up to the year 2050. At national level, the simulation results suggest that crop production will be adversely affected during the coming four decades and the severity will increase over the time period. Production of teff, maize and sorghum will decline by 25.4, 21.8 and 25.2 percent, respectively by 2050 compared to the base period. Climate change will also cause losses of 31.1 percent agricultural GDP at factor cost by 2050. Climate change affects more the income and consumption of poor rural households than urban rural non-farming households. The reduction in agricultural production will not be evenly distributed across agro ecological zones, and will not all be negative. Among rural residents, climate change impacts tend to hurt the income of the poor more in drought prone regions. Income from labor, land and livestock in moisture sufficient highland cereal-based will decline by 5.1, 8.8 and 15.2 percent in 2050. This study indicated that since climate change is an inevitable phenomenon, the country should start mainstreaming adaptation measures to sustain the overall performance of the economy.

关键词： Adaptation Climate Change Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model

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Thermal Therapy in Patients Suffering from Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain—A Systematic Review

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2018年第4期9卷 294-314页

作者： Selina Wittenwiler rahel Stoop Erich Hohenauer Ron Clijsen Research Rehabilitation 2rLab Department of Business Economics Health and Social Care University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland Landquart Switzerland THIM University of Applied Sciences Landquart Switzerland Department of Movement and Sport Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium

Thermal therapy is frequently used as an adjunct to treatment in patients suffering from chronic low back pain. It is also an inherent part of patients’ self-administered pain treatment. This review aims to update the evidence for thermal therapy treatments in non-specific chronic low back pain patients and to rate the methodological quality of the corresponding clinical trials. Previous studies have reported contradictory evidence for the effectiveness of thermal therapy. An electronic search on MEDLINE (PubMed), PEDro, CENTRAL and CINHAL databases was conducted between May 2016 and February 2018. Clinical trials comparing local thermal therapy to conservative or no treatment were assessed for eligibility. Pain, physical function and global health were defined as outcome parameters. A total of n = 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. All of them applied an electrophysical agent as the thermal treatment: continuous ultrasound (n = 6), short-wave diathermy (n = 2), microwave diathermy (n = 1). Out of the n = 6 studies on ultrasound treatment, n = 2 reported significant within and between-group results for pain reduction after 4 to 6 weeks of treatment. Both short-wave diathermy studies demonstrated significant between-group results for pain reduction after 3 weeks of treatment. Contradictory results for all other observed outcome parameters were reported regardless of the intervention. Moreover, significant within-group results for the control groups questioned the effectiveness of the intervention treatments. Therefore, the effect of thermal therapy, (electrophysical agents), is not superior to any control treatment except for ultrasound treatment on short-term pain reduction.

关键词： Electrophysical Agents Heat Application Pain Reduction Physical Function Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain Thermal Therapy

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