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Beyond familial risk: deriving risk-adapted starting ages of screening among people with a family history of colorectal cancer

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Cancer Communications 2023年第12期43卷 1377-1380页

作者： Xuechen Chen Thomas Heisser rafael cardoso Julia Hibbert Michael Hoffmeister Hermann Brenner Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Medical Faculty Heidelberg Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Preventive Oncology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany

Dear Editor,Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer globally[1],even though a large proportion of those cancers would be preventable by screening.Among those with a family history(FH)of CRC,it is commonly recommended to start screening at younger ages,e.g.,at age 40 or 10 years younger than the age at diagnosis of the youngest affected first-degree relative[2–5].Even within the group of those with a FH,risk of CRC is not homogeneous and depends on factors such as the number of affected relatives and the age at which the relatives were diagnosed with CRC[6,7],lifestyles,and genetic background profiles.However,these metrics except genetic factors may change over lifetime,which limits their use for defining starting ages of screening.The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a polygenic risk score(PRS),which combines information from CRC-related risk variants[8]and genetically determined sex(2 constant and established CRC risk factors),could effectively contribute to enhanced risk stratification.We also aimed to determine if it could assist in defining risk-adapted starting ages for CRC screening,even in individuals with a FH of CRC.The assessment was performed using the wellestablished metric of risk advancement periods(RAPs)[9],which measures the impact of an exposure on the relation of age to disease.

关键词： starting adapted younger

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Distinct T helper cell-mediated antitumor immunity:T helper 2 cells in focus

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Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy 2023年第1期1卷 76-86页

作者： rafael cardoso Maciel Costa Silva Marcela Freitas Lopes Leonardo Holanda Travassos Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics InstituteFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 21941-902Brazil Laboratory of Immunity Biology George DosReis Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics InstituteFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 21941-902Brazil

The adaptive arm of the immune system is crucial for appropriate antitumor immune responses.It is generally accepted that clusters of differentiation 4^(+)(CD4^(+))T cells,which mediate T helper(Th)1 immunity(type 1 immunity),are the primary Th cell subtype associated with tumor elimination.In this review,we discuss evidence showing that antitumor immunity and better prognosis can be associated with distinct Th cell subtypes in experimental mouse models and humans,with a focus on Th2 cells.The aim of this review is to provide an overview and understanding of the mechanisms associated with different tumor outcomes in the face of immune responses by focusing on the(1)site of tumor development,(2)tumor properties(i.e.,tumor metabolism and cytokine receptor expression),and(3)type of immune response that the tumor initially escaped.Therefore,we discuss how low-tolerance organs,such as lungs and brains,might benefit from a less tissue-destructive immune response mediated by Th2 cells.In addition,Th2 cells antitumor effects can be independent of CD8^(+)T cells,which would circumvent some of the immune escape mechanisms that tumor cells possess,like low expression of major histocompatibility-I(MHC-I).Finally,this review aims to stimulate further studies on the role of Th2 cells in antitumor immunity and briefly discusses emerging treatment options.

关键词： Cancer Immunology Adaptive immunity Immunotherapy Immunogenetics Antitumor immune response

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The role of rhizobacteria in rice plants: Growth and mitigation of toxicity

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第12期17卷 2636-2647页

作者： Marcela C F Rêgo Aline F cardoso Thayná da C Ferreira Marta C C de Filippi Telma F V Batista rafael G Viana Gisele B da Silva Plant Protection Laboratory Institute of Agrarian Sciences Federal Rural University of Amazon Phytopathology Laboratory Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research-Rice and Beans

Allelopathic compounds reduce the growth and productivity of upland rice plants, especially in consecutive plantations. The rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens BRM-32111 and Burkholderia pyrrocinia BRM-32113 have been recorded as growth promoters in rice. This study was developed to understand the effect of the application of rhizobacteria on upland rice plants in consecutive plantations. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications of four treatments: rice seed inoculated with P. fluorescens BRM-32111, rice seed inoculated with B. pyrrocinia BRM-32113(both sown on soil with rice residue), non-inoculated plants sown on soil with rice residue(control with residue(WR)), and non-inoculated plants on soil with no residue(NR). Roots and seedling growth were adversely affected by allelopathic compounds in control WR plants. Plants inoculated with rhizobacteria P. fluorescens BRM-32111 or B. pyrrocinia BRM-32113 induced an increase of 88% in biomass, 3% in the leaf area, 40% in length, 67% in root biomass, 21% in chlorophyll a, 53% in chlorophyll(a+b), 50% in rate of carbon assimilation(A), 227% in A/rubisco carboxylation efficiency(Ci) and 63% in water use efficiency(WUE) compared to control WR plants. These results indicate that rhizobacteria P. fluorescens BRM-32111 and B. pyrrocinia BRM-32113 increase the tolerance of rice plants to stress from allelochemicals. There are possible practical agricultural applications of these results for mitigating the effects of environmental allelochemistry on upland rice.

关键词： allelopathy B.pyrrocinia P.fluorescens rhizobacteria rice

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Metabolic Parameters in Obese Dogs Undergoing to the Diet with Calorie Restriction

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2018年第3期8卷 25-35页

作者： Paula Nassar de Marchi Mauro José Lahm cardoso rafael Fagnani Jéssica Ragazzi Calesso Maíra Melussi Luiz Henrique de Araújo Machado College of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP/Botucatu) Botucatu Brazil Department of Veterinary Clinics State University of Londrina (UEL) Londrina Brazil University of North of Paraná Londrina Brazil Veterinary Hospital State University of Northern Parana (UENP/Campus Luiz Meneghel) Bandeirantes Brazil Veterinarian at Clinic Space Life (Londrina-PR) Londrina Brazil

Currently, canine obesity is a worldwide problem and is based on the excessive deposit of fat tissue, which plays an important role as a store of energy and endocrine organ. This study aimed to compare the values of systolic blood pressure, serum chemistry profile and glucose metabolism in eight obese dogs without endocrine diseases before and after 16 weeks of a weight loss program. A statistical difference was noticed in the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, glucose, cholesterol and insulin, before and after the program. Besides, there was a statistical difference between the moments in systolic blood pressure, body weight and body condition scale. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of a diet rich in fiber and protein is suitable for performing weight loss and obese dogs undergoing a weight loss program presented a significant reduction in blood pressure, blood glucose, insulin, blood cholesterol, serum activity of alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase.

关键词： Arterial Hypertension Canine Insulin Resistance Obesity

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Performance of a Demonstrative (Scale-Pilot) Double Advanced Oxidation Wastewater Treatment Plant to Treat Discharges from a Small Community in Morelia, Michoacán, México

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2021年第1期10卷 1-8页

作者： Alfonso Espitia-Cabrera Franciso Javier Barrón-Santos Berenice Quintana-Díaz Héctor Herrera-Bucio rafael Soto-Espitia Griselda González-cardoso Energy Department Metropolitan Autonomous UniversityAzcapotzalco CDMX 02200Mexico Postgraduate Department Occupational Health Safety and HygieneNational School of Medicine and HomeopathyNational Polytechnic InstituteCiudad de MéxicoCDMX 07320México Basic Sciences Department Metropolitan Autonomous UniversityAzcapotzalco CDMX 02200Mexico Construction HeBui Civil Engineering Faculty Michoacán UniversityUMSNHMorelia 58030MichoacanMexico

This paper,reports the performance of a wastewater treatment scale-pilot plant to treat 2 GPM(Gallons per Minute)discharges with 5,205 mg/L of pollutants expressed in COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand),from“Lomas de la Maestransa”a small community in Morelia City,Michoacan,Mexico.The scale-pilot plant is a train with(1)pretreatment with a triturated pump for floating solid,(2)primary treatment with“in line”coagulation,and rapid filtration to retain suspended colloids and dissolved solids higher of 5μm diameter,(3)double advanced oxidation as secondary treatment with ozone and heterogeneous photo catalysis to oxidize volatile solids,and(4)tertiary treatment with activated carbon to retain refractory compounds.Plant performance was analyzed by a certified laboratory that belongs to Potable Water,Sewage and Sanitation Department from Morelia City Government.Results show that treated water effluent complied with the Mexican Official Standard NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996 for discharges into national waters,with exception of fecal coliforms,since the raw water contains an average of 64,228,351 MNP/100 mL of fecal coliforms,and in spite that we obtained a 99.998%efficiency,the maximum level allowable 2,000 MPN/100 mL standard,was exceeded by 400 MPN/100 mL.After this experience,the wastewater treatment plant is equipped with a residual chlorine tank to keep a 1.5 ppm chlorine residual concentration to keep the treated water clean.This project was possible because we had the support of the Morelia Sanitation Department.

关键词： Secondary treatment advanced oxidation heterogeneous photo catalysis “in line”coagulation nitrogen compound reduction.

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Roughness Control of Layer-by-Layer and Alternative Spray Films from Congo Red and PAH via Laser Light Irradiation

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2012年第8期3卷 552-556页

作者： Gleidson cardoso Romário J.da Silva rafael R.G.Maciel Nara C.de Souza Josmary R.Silva Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Barra do Garcas Brazil

Films from congo red (CR) alternated with poly(allylamine hydrochloride), PAH, were prepared by layer-by-layer and alternative spray techniques. In order to investigate the change of roughness induced by laser light irradiation (532 nm), both kinds of films were characterized by using UV-visible spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). At dif- ferent irradiation times, layer-by-layer, LbL, films showed small changes in the roughness and irregular behavior, whereas spray films exhibited higher and a regular decreasing of roughness with increasing irradiation time. The higher roughness of spray films as compared with the LbL ones was attributed to different formation mechanisms of the films. The decreasing of the roughness as a function of the irradiation time (exhibited by the spray films) was associated to surface relaxation due to the interplay between photoisomerization of congo red dye and the heating of the sample during the laser light irradiation. The results suggested that the alternative spray technique is the best choose to control of roughness of the films by using light irradiation.

关键词： Congo Red Poly(Allylamine Hydrochloride) Layer-by-Layer Films Roughness Control Laser Light Irradiation

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Blood Pressure Evaluation in Dogs by the Method Doppler and Oscillometric

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2018年第11期8卷 198-206页

作者： Jéssica Ragazzi Calesso Michelle Campano de Souza Gabriela Reboucas Milani Cecci Marcelo de Souza Zanutto Ademir Zacarias Júnior Luciana Holsback rafael Fagnani Paula Nassar de Marchi Mauro Jose Lahm cardoso Department of Veterinary Clinics State University of Northern ParanaBandeirantesBrasil Department of Veterinary Clinics State University of LondrinaLondrinaBrasil Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine State University of LondrinaLondrinaBrasil Department of Veterinary Clinics College of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics Júlio de Mesquita FilhoBotucatuBrasil

Blood pressure is currently a very important tool for clinical and veterinary surgery, especially in monitoring patients under anesthesia and in emergency situations. Hypertension can cause a number of changes in the body of dogs and cats, especially those who are middle-aged and elderly. In veterinary medicine, the blood pressure can be measured non-invasively and invasively. The non-invasive, or indirect technique, is frequently used during routine examinations since it presents convenience as it can be carried out quickly, although it is less accurate. For this research 245 dogs were selected, with one to ten years of age, of both sexes, castrated and uncastrated of different breeds and body scores. The dogs were weighed and had the body condition score determined using the system of 9 points, being categorized into: Control group, overweight group or obese group. Systolic blood pressure was obtained by non-invasive method using the Doppler flowmeter and the oscillometric method. 48 animals were excluded due to the high variability of values, with systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mm?Hg, as well as uncooperative and/or aggressive patients. There was agreement between both methods in 197 dogs conscious and asymptomatic and, therefore, this study showed that oscillometric method can be used in normotensive patients as the study was conducted in patients of different sizes, breeds, ages, body scores and sexual status.

关键词： Canine Hypertension Corporal Score Invasive Pressure

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Embolization of splenorenal shunt associated to portal vein thrombosis and hepatic encephalopathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第42期20卷 15910-15915页

作者： Letícia de Campos Franzoni Fábio cardoso de Carvalho rafael Gomes de Almeida Garzon Fábio da Silva Yamashiro Laís Augusti Lívia Alves Amaral Santos Mariana de Souza Dorna Júlio Pinheiro Baima Talles Bazeia Lima Carlos Antonio Caramori Giovanni Faria Silva Fernando Gomes Romeiro Internal Medicine Department Gastroenterology Division Botucatu Medical School UNESP 18 618 970 Botucatu Sao Paulo Brazil Hospital do Cora??o do Instituto de Moléstias Cardiovasculares S?o José do Rio Preto Sao Paulo 15015-210 Brazil Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology Botucatu School of Medicine UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista

Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a cognitive disturbance characterized by neuropsychiatric alterations.It occurs in acute and chronic hepatic disease and also in patients with portosystemic shunts.The presence of these portosystemic shunts allows the passage of nitrogenous substances from the intestines through systemic veins without liver depuration.Therefore,the embolization of these shunts has been performed tocontrol HE manifestations,but the presence of portal vein thrombosis is considered a contraindication.In this presentation we show a cirrhotic patient with severe HE and portal vein thrombosis who was submitted to embolization of a large portosystemic shunt.Case report:a 57 years-old cirrhotic patient who had been hospitalized many times for persistent HE and hepatic coma,even without precipitant factors.She had a wide portosystemic shunt and also portal vein thrombosis.The abdominal angiography confirmed the splenorenal shunt and showed other shunts.The larger shunt was embolized through placement of microcoils,and the patient had no recurrence of overt HE.There was a little increase of esophageal and gastric varices,but no endoscopic treatment was needed.Since portosystemic shunts are frequent causes of recurrent HE in cirrhotic patients,portal vein thrombosis should be considered a relative contraindication to perform a shunt embolization.However,in particular cases with many shunts and severe HE,we found that one of these shunts can be safely embolized and this procedure can be sufficient to obtain a good HE recovery.In conclusion,we reported a case of persistent HE due to a wide portosystemic shunt associated with portal vein thrombosis.As the patient had other shunts,she was successfully treated by embolization of the larger shunt.

关键词： Recurrent hepatic encephalopathy Liver cirrhosis P

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Main Microbial Genres and Its Profile of Resistance and Sensitivity to Antimicrobials Used in the Treatment of Oncological Patients with Febril Neutropenia

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2018年第1期6卷 34-50页

作者： Hélvecio cardoso Póvoa Richard Raphael Borges Tavares Vieira Elias Sobreira Sathler Isabela Nardoni Bernardes rafael Batista Ferreira Mário Henrique Couto Lima Thiago Sande Miguel Nayrton Kalys Cruz dos Anjos Lamara Laguardia Valente Rocha Daniel Almeida da Costa Federal Fluminense University Niterói Brazil The Medical School at the Center of Higher Education of Valenç a Valen&ccedil a Brazil The Medical School at the Health Sciences Institute of the University Center of Caratinga Caratinga Brazil

Objective: To determine the main microbial genotypes and their antimicrobial resistance and susceptibility profile commonly used in the treatment of oncologic patients with febrile neutropenia, carried out through the review of the clinical histories of the patients’ medical records at the Hospital do Cancer de Muriaé-Fundacao Cristiano Varella. Methods: Quantitative research, determined the susceptibility profile of microorganisms in patients with febrile neutropenia from April 2007 to April 2008 by reviewing clinical histories of patients’ medical records at the referred hospital. Results: Of the total of 8 patients evaluated with Gram-negative microorganisms, 50% of the patients were female and 50% were male. Of the 18 patients evaluated with Gram-positive microorganisms 66% were female and 34% male. Gram-positive bacteria are prevalent and cause around 60% of documented bacteremias, although Gram-negative bacteria are more common in febrile neutropenic patientes. Conclusion: Exaggerated use of antimicrobials in hospitalized patients leads to the suppression of drug-sensitive microorganisms from the intestinal flora and promotes the persistence and growth of resistant bacteria. The antibiotic should be used in a curative manner with other therapeutic measures with the determined bacterial infection.

关键词： Febrile Neutropenia Antimicrobial Resistance Oncologic Patients

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