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Diversity and Frequencies of HLA Class I and Class II Genes of an East African Population

Open Journal of Genetics 2014年第2期4卷 99-124页

作者： Trevor A. Peterson Thomas Bielawny Philip Lacap rae-anne hardie Christina Daniuk Lillian Mendoza Subotheni Thavaneswaran Tony Kariri Joshua Kimani Charles Wachihi Maboku Kimani Terry Blake Ball Francis A. Plummer Ma Luo Department of Medical Microbiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada Department of Medical Microbiology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya National Microbiology Laboratory Winnipeg Canada

Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) play an important role in host immune responses to infectious pathogens, and influence organ transplantation, cancer and autoimmune diseases. In this study we conducted a high resolution, sequence-based genotyping of HLA class I and class II genes of more than 2000 women from Kenya, eastern Tanzania and southern Uganda around Lake Victoria and analyzed their allele, phenotype and haplotype frequencies. A considerable genetic diversity was observed at both class I and II loci. A total of 79 HLA-A, 113 HLA-B, 53 HLA-C, 25 HLA-DPA1, 60 HLA-DPB1, 15 HLA-DQA1, 44 HLA-DQB1 and 38 HLA-DRB1 alleles have been identified. The most common class I alleles were A * 02:01:01 (10.90%), B * 58:02 (8.79%), and C * 06:02:01 (16.98%). The most common class II alleles were DPA1*01:03:01 (40.60%), DPB1 * 01:01:01 (23.45%), DQA1 * 01:02:01 (31.03%), DQB1 * 03:01:01 (21.79%), DRB1 * 11:01:02 (11.65%), DRB3 * 02:02:01 (31.65%), DRB4 * 01:01:01 (10.50%), and DRB5 * 01:01:01 (10.50%). Higher than expected homozygosity was observed at HLA-B (P = 0.022), DQA1 (P = 0.004), DQB1 (P = 0.023), and DRB1 (P = 0.0006) loci. The allele frequency distribution of this population is very similar to the ones observed in other sub-Saharan populations with the exception of lower frequencies of A * 23 (5.55% versus 11.21%) and DQA1 * 03 (4.79% versus 11.72%), and higher frequencies of DPB1 * 30 (2.26% versus 0.37%) and DRB1 * 11 (21.51% versus 15.89%). The knowledge of the diversity and allele/ phenotype frequencies of the HLA alleles of this east African population, can contribute to the understanding of how host genetic factors influence disease susceptibility and effective anti-retroviral treatment of HIV infections and future vaccine trials.

关键词： HLA-A HLA-B HLA-C HLA-DPA1 HLA-DPB1 HLA-DQA1 HLA-DQB1 HLA-DRB1 HLA Frequencies HLA Class I HLA Class II East African

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Regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by natural and synthetic activators

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第1期6卷 1-19页

作者： David Grahame hardie Division of Cell Signaling & Immunology College of Life SciencesUniversity of Dundee

The AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)is a sensor of cellular energy status that is almost universally expressed in eukaryotic *** it appears to have evolved in single-celled eukaryotes to regulate energy balance in a cell-autonomous manner,during the evolution of multicellular animals its role has become adapted so that it also regulates energy balance at the whole body level,by responding to hormones that act primarily on the *** monitors energy balance at the cellular level by sensing the ratios of AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP,and recent structural analyses of the AMPK heterotrimer that have provided insight into the complex mechanisms for these effects will be *** the central importance of energy balance in diseases that are major causes of morbidity or death in humans,such as type 2 diabetes,cancer and inflammatory disorders,there has been a major drive to develop pharmacological activators of *** such activators have been described,and the various mechanisms by which these activate AMPK will be discussed.A particularly large class of AMPK activators are natural products of plants derived from traditional herbal *** the mechanism by which most of these activate AMPK has not yet been addressed,I will argue that many of them may be defensive compounds produced by plants to deter infection by pathogens or grazing by insects or herbivores,and that many of them will turn out to be inhibitors of mitochondrial function.

关键词： AMP-activated protein kinase Energy balance AMP AMPK activator Mitochondrial function Regulatory mechanism

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Empirical likelihood-based dimension reduction inference for linear error-in-responses models with validation study

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Science China Mathematics 2004年第6期47卷 921-939页

作者： Wang Qihua hardie Wolfgang Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080China Center for Applied Statistics and Economics Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin10178 BerlinGermany

In this paper, linear errors-in-response models are considered in the presence of validation data on the responses. A semiparametric dimension reduction technique is employed to define an estimator of β with asymptotic normality, the estimated empirical loglikelihoods and the adjusted empirical loglikelihoods for the vector of regression coefficients and linear combinations of the regression coefficients, respectively. The estimated empirical log-likelihoods are shown to be asymptotically distributed as weighted sums of independent X 2 1 and the adjusted empirical loglikelihoods are proved to be asymptotically distributed as standard chi-squares, respectively.

关键词： confidence intervals error-in-response validation data

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Notch Severity Effect on Hydrogen Embrittlement of Type 4340 Steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1996年第1期12卷 51-56页

作者： Liu, S Zhu, ZY Ke, W hardie, D UNIV NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE DEPT MECH MAT & MFG ENGNNEWCASTLE TYNE TE1 7RUTYNE & WEARENGLAND

Hydrogen embrittlement of Type 4340 steel has been investigated by straining round-notched specimens in 10(5) Pa hydrogen atmosphere at a constent cross-head spead of 1.4x10(-4) mm/s. The circumferentially notched specimens exhibited a significant embrittlement when their mechanical behaviour in hydrogen was compared with that in air. Although the effect of notch depth on fracture strength in air is negligible, an increase in the depth of notch increase susceptibility to embrittlement when testing in gaseous hydrogen. However, analysis of the effects is complicated by the facts that (i) the specimens show some degree of notch severity even when strained in air and (ii) the behaviour is complicated by the localised plastic deformation that may occur for relatively shallow notches. Such effects are eliminated at high stress concentration factors, so there is a systematic loss in fracture stress in hydrogen as the notch sensitivity increases from K-t=2.6 to 5.7 (where a 87% reduction of fracture stress occurs) but a relatively stable value is then reached even for very severe notching by fatigue pre-cracking. Whether or not the effect is due to increasing concentration of hydrogen in the triaxial stress region ahead of the notch, there is no doubt that increasing the stress concentration makes hydrogen more effective as an embrittlement agent.

关键词： Carbon steel

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Lead stabilization in a polluted calcareous soil using cost-effective biochar and zeolite amendments after spinach cultivation

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Pedosphere 2023年第2期33卷 321-330页

作者： Hamid Reza BOOSTANI Ailsa G.hardie Mahdi NAJAFI-GHIRI Department of Soil Science College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of DarabShiraz UniversityDarab 74591(Iran) Department of Soil Science Faculty of AgriSciencesStellenbosch UniversityPrivate Bag X1Matieland 7602(South Africa)

Biochar has been shown to be an effective organic soil amendment for the in-situ immobilization of lead(Pb).Little research has been done on the effects of biochar and zeolite interactions on Pb immobilization in contaminated calcareous ***,the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of zeolite(2%and 4%,weight:weight)and biochars(3%,weight:weight)prepared from green compost(GB),poultry manure(PB),and municipal waste(MB)on the content of Pb in spinach shoots and Pb stabilization in a greenhouse experiment conducted using a Pb-contaminated calcareous *** of GB and PB significantly decreased the Pb mobility factor(MF)from 2.8%to 4.6%and the cumulative Pb release(diethylenetriamine pentaacetate(DTPA)extraction)from 16.8%to 20.1%in the calcareous soil,which were further enhanced by the combined addition of zeolite,with Pb MF reduction from 4.4%to 8.4%and cumulative Pb release reduction from 24.8%to 28.6%.The enhancement of soil Pb immobilization was attributed to the properties of the amendments,such as high pH,ash content,and phosphorus content(10.5^(-1)1.0,390-435 g kg^(-1),and 2.5-4.3 g kg^(-1),respectively).Results of the soil Pb sequential extraction and Pb release kinetics were highly and significantly correlated with spinach shoot Pb *** chemical data showed that the application of MB with 4%zeolite was the most effective treatment for immobilizing Pb(8.4%reduction in Pb MF and 28.6%reduction in cumulative DTPA-extractable Pb),which is in agreement with the results of the spinach shoot Pb(89.0%reduction in Pb uptake).

关键词： chemical fraction mobility factor municipal waste biochar plant Pb uptake release kinetics sequential extraction

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The Dissemination and Influence of Ji Cheng＇s Yuan Ye in Europe and North America

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中国园林 2012年第12期28卷 46-47页

作者： (UK)Alison hardie

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AMPK promotes lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis via folliculin:FNIP1

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Life Metabolism 2023年第5期2卷 2-5页

作者： Jordana B.Freemantle D.Grahame hardie Division of Cell Signalling&Immunology School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD15EHScotlandUnited Kingdom

The AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)is known to maintain the integrity of cellular mitochondrial networks by(i)promoting fission,(ii)inhibiting fusion,(iii)promoting recycling of damaged components via mitophagy,(iv)enhancing lysosomal biogenesis to support mitophagy,and(v)promoting biogenesis of new mitochondrial *** the AMPK targets underlying the first three of these effects are known,a recent paper suggests that direct phosphorylation of the folliculin-interacting protein 1(FNIP1)by AMPK may be involved in the remaining two.

关键词： maintain interacting genesis

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用心设计 Chris hardie访谈录

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室内设计与装修 2019年第5期 112-113,111页

作者： Chris hardie 英国皇家建筑协会丹麦SHL建筑事务所

id+c:首先请你简单地作一个自我介绍。Chris hardie:我叫Chris hardie,是一名建筑师。我毕业于斯科特萨瑟郡建筑学院,目前在该建筑学院担任客座教授。我加入丹麦SHL建筑事务所已经超过10年,在来上海之前我曾是伦敦分部项目主创设计师,... 详细信息

id+c:首先请你简单地作一个自我介绍。Chris hardie:我叫Chris hardie,是一名建筑师。我毕业于斯科特萨瑟郡建筑学院,目前在该建筑学院担任客座教授。我加入丹麦SHL建筑事务所已经超过10年,在来上海之前我曾是伦敦分部项目主创设计师,负责伦敦办公室的运营管理,2011年,我来到上海,组建了SHL建筑事务所的上海团队,负责公司在亚洲地区的运营。

关键词：建筑师图书馆 Chris hardie

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翻译英语变体的语料库文体统计学分析

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外语教学与研究 2020年第2期52卷 273-282,F0003页

作者：胡显耀 [英]肖忠华 Andrew hardie 西南大学外国语学院外国语言学与外语教育研究中心重庆市400715 Department of Linguistics and English Language Lancaster UniversityLancasterUK LA14YL

如果翻译的语言因与原创的语言具有某些显著差异而成为一种语言变体,那么这些差异应满足三个具有统计意义的条件:1)特征差异具有统计显著性;2)特征差异在不同文体中具有一致性;3)这些特征可被聚集为一个因子。本文通过两个百万词的英语... 详细信息

如果翻译的语言因与原创的语言具有某些显著差异而成为一种语言变体,那么这些差异应满足三个具有统计意义的条件:1)特征差异具有统计显著性;2)特征差异在不同文体中具有一致性;3)这些特征可被聚集为一个因子。本文通过两个百万词的英语可比语料库:翻译英语语料库(COTE)和原创英语语料库(FLOB),采用96个词汇、短语、句法和语篇特征,通过多特征统计分析找到了一组翻译英语变体的语言特征,为"翻译共性"提供了新证据,并初步探讨了这些变体或共性特征的动因。

关键词：翻译共性翻译英语语言变体多特征分析

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Generation and characterization of novel stromal specific antibodies

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Cell Research 2005年第9期 64-69页

作者： Sapna HALDER,Debbie L. hardie,Dagmar SCHEEL-TOELLNER,Mike SALMON,Christopher D. BUCKLEY Prostate Cancer Research Centre Institute of Urology (3rd floor) University College London 67 Riding House Street London W1W 7EJ UK Rheumatology Research Group MRC Centre for Immune Regulation Institute of Biomedical Research (3rd or 4th floor) University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT U K Rheumatology Research Group MRC Centre for Immune Regulation Institute of Biomedical Research (3rd or 4th floor) University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT U K Rheumatology Research Group MRC Centre for Immune Regulation Institute of Biomedical Research (3rd or 4th floor) University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT U K Rheumatology Research Group MRC Centre for Immune Regulation Institute of Biomedical Research (3rd or 4th floor) University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT U K

Rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts were used as an immunogen to produce monoclonal antibodies selected for their reactivity with stromal cell antigens. Mice were immunised with low passage whole cell preparations and the subsequent hybridomas were screened by immunohistochemistry on rheumatoid synovium and tonsil sections. The aim was to identify those antibodies that recognised antigens that were restricted to stromal cells and were not expressed on CD45 positive leucocytes. A significant number of antibodies detected antigen that identified endothelial cells. These antibodies were further characterised to determine whether the vessels identified by these antibodies were vascular or lymphatic. From five fusions clones were identified with predominant reactivity with: 1) fibroblasts and endothelial cells; or 2) broad stromal elements (fibroblast, endothelium, epithelium, follicular dendritic cells). A fibroblast-specific antibody that did not also identify vessels was not generated. Examples of each reactivity pattern are discussed.

关键词： stromal mesenchymal non-haematopoietic rheumatoid fibroblasts CD45.

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