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Using a Coupled Air Quality Modeling System for the Development of an Air Quality Plan in Madrid (Spain): Source Apportionment and Analysis Evaluation of Mitigation Measures

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第3期4卷 46-61页

作者： raúl arasa Anna Domingo-Dalmau Ricardo Vargas Technical Department Barcelona Spain Environmental and Territorial Planning Agency Regional Government of Madrid Madrid Spain

In this contribution, we use a coupled air quality modelling system (AQM) as a tool to design and develop an air quality plan in Madrid. AQM has allowed us to obtain a preliminary evaluation of the effect of mitigation measures over regional and local air quality levels. To achieve these goals, we have prepared a sophisticated AQM, coupling the meteorological model WRF, the emission model AEMM, and the photochemical model CMAQ. AQM was evaluated using the whole modelling year 2010 working with high horizontal resolution, 3 km for the region of Madrid and 1km for urban metropolitan area of Madrid. Two different analyses have been realized: a source apportionment exercise following a zero-out methodology to obtain the contribution to the air quality levels of the different emission sector;and an evaluation of the main mitigation measures considered in the air quality plan using sensitivity analysis. The air quality plan was focused on the improvement of NO2 levels and AQM analyzed the effect of the mitigation measures during ten episodes of 2011 where NO2 or O3 levels were the highest of the year;so we analyzed the effect of the mitigation plan in worst conditions. Results provided by the AQM system show that it accomplishes the European Directive modelling uncertainty requirements and the mean absolute gross error for 1-h maximum daily NO2 is 31% over locations with higher levels of this atmospheric pollutant;the road traffic is the main contributor to the air quality levels providing a 81% for NO2, 67% for CO and 46% for PM10;measures defined in the plan achieve to reduce up to 11 μgm-3 NO2 levels offering highest reductions over urban areas with traffic influence.

关键词： Environmental Assessment Air Quality Modelling CMAQ Emissions Madrid Air Quality Plan Mitigation Measures

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Aeolian Dust Forecast in Arid and Semiarid Regions of Peru and Chile and Their Contribution over Particulate Matter Concentration

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第1期4卷 128-152页

作者： Albert Salvador raúl arasa Bernat Codina Technical Department Meteosim S.L. Barcelona Spain Department of Astronomy and Meteorology University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

The dust generated in arid areas of the planet is a very important source of particulate matter in the air, especially favoured by the presence of winds that can raise erodible material from the surface. These particles have an important influence when making an assessment of the air quality, due to its direct and indirect impact on public health. In this work, we reproduce episodes of aeolian dusts in the desert areas of Peru and Chile, where high dust concentration events are common and many mining industries are located. The differentiation of the contribution of particulate matter from Aeolian dusts and mining activities of the area is an important issue, as well as trying to forecast these events. For this purpose, we have calculated an erodibility factor at high resolution that, combined with WRF meteorological output and the GOCART dust scheme, gives the emission of particulate matter. We have introduced the emissions in the photochemical model CMAQ, which determines the concentrations in the different domains, and we have observed that the natural dust contributes greatly to pollution in the area, exceeding permissible limit values in the area of Paracas in Peru, and with contributions of up to 23% of the total particulate matter in the city of Calama in Chile, resulting non-negligible values for the evaluation of air quality.

关键词： Air Quality Modelling WRF-CMAQ Wind Erodibility Dust Mining Industry

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Meteorological and Climate Modelling Services Tailored to Viticulturists

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2021年第1期11卷 148-164页

作者： Ignasi Porras Josep Maria Solé raül Marcos raúl arasa Meteosim Sl Barcelona Spain Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) Barcelona Spain

Grape production is likewise inherently interconnected to climate and weather, and, although grapes may grow worldwide, premium wine-grape production occurs in Mediterranean-like climate ranges. Changes in climate and weather patterns are threatening premium wine-grapes, directly affecting the European wine industry. This is because grapevines are extremely sensitive to their surrounding environment, with seasonal variations in yield much higher than other common crops, such as cereals. With a view to making South European wine industry resilient to climate change, VISCA (Vineyards Integrated Smart Climate Application) project has deployed a Climate Service (CS) Decision Support System (DSS) tool that provides to wine producers with well-founded information to be able to apply correctly adaptation strategies on specific grape varieties and locations, and to achieve optimum production results (e.g., yield and quantity). In this paper we show the meteorological, seasonal and climatic models and data sets used to answer the viticulturist needs;from short-term and mid-term forecast to seasonal forecast and climate projections.

关键词： Weather Extreme Events Adaptation to Climate Change Climate Services Wine Industry VISCA

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Evaluating Sensitivity to Different Options and Parameterizations of a Coupled Air Quality Modelling System over Bogotá, Colombia. Part I: WRF Model Configuration

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2015年第2期4卷 47-64页

作者： Beatriz Reboredo raúl arasa Bernat Codina Air Quality Department Meteosim S.L. Barcelona Spain Department of Astronomy and Meteorology Barcelona Spain

Meteorological inputs are of great importance when implementing an air quality prediction system. In this contribution, the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF-ARW) model was used to compare the performance of the different cumulus, microphysics and Planet Boundary layer parameterizations over Bogotá, Colombia. Surface observations were used for comparison and the evaluated meteorological variables include temperature, wind speed and direction and relative humidity. Differences between parameterizations were observed in meteorological variables and Betts-Miller-Janjic, Morrison 2-moment and Boulac schemes proved to be the best parameterizations for cumulus, microphysics and PBl, respectively. As a complement to this study, a WRF-large Eddy Simulation was conducted in order to evaluate model results with finer horizontal resolution for air quality purposes.

关键词： Sensitivity Analysis Air Quality Modelling Meteorological Modelling WRF Physical Options

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Evaluating Mitigation Plans over Traffic Sector to Improve NO<sub>2</sub>levels in Andalusia (Spain) Using a Regional-local Scale Photochemical Modelling System

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2014年第3期3卷 70-86页

作者： raúl arasa Antonio lozano-García Bernat Codina Air Quality Department Meteosim S.L. Barcelona Spain Air Quality Department Meteosim S.L. Barcelona Spain & Department of Astronomy and Meteorology Barcelona Spain Environment and Water Agency of Andalusia Seville Spain

In this contribution, we present an evaluation of different mitigation plans to improve NO2 levels in Andalusia, a region in the south of Spain. Specifically, we consider four possible mitigation plans: the effects over NO2 concentration of apply changes in the distribution of Vehicles Park;the effect of realize traffic restrictions (affecting to the density flow of vehicles) over highways and main roads;the effect of replacement of diesel use by natural gas in urban areas;and the effect of applying new velocity limits to access to urban areas. A sophisticated air quality modelling (AQM) system has been used to evaluate these mitigation plans. AQM implemented is composed on WRF meteorological model, an emission model created by the authors and CMAQ photochemical model. AQM analyzes mitigation plans during fifteen episodes of 2011 where NO2 levels were the highest of the year;so we analyze the effect of mitigation plans in worst conditions. Results provided by the AQM system show that: 1-h maximum daily NO2 is reduced to 10μg.m-3 near circulation roads when traffic restrictions and velocity limits plans are applied (NOx emissions are reduced in 9% - 15%);1-h maximum daily NO2 is reduced to 12 μg.m-3 affecting all municipalities when changes in the distribution of Vehicles Park are applied (NOx emissions are reduced in 25% - 26%);and the replacement of fuel of urban buses does not affect considerably NO2 levels.

关键词： CMAQ Air Quality Modelling Environmental Assessment

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Enhancing Air Quality Forecasts over Catalonia(Spain)Using Model Output Statistics

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2015年第8期3卷 9-22页

作者： Víctor Andrés Pérez raúl arasa Bernat Codina Jesica Pinón Technical Department Meteosim S.L.BarcelonaSpain Department of Astronomy and Meteorology University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain

Model Output Statistics (MOS) is a well-known technique that allows improving outputs from numerical atmospheric models. In this contribution, we present the development of a MOS algorithm to improve air quality forecasts in Catalonia, a region in the northeast of Spain. These forecasts are obtained from an Eulerian coupled air quality modelling system developed by Meteosim. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Particulate Matter (PM10) and Ozone (03) have been the pollutants considered and the methodology has been applied on statistical values of these pollutants according to regulatory levels. Four MOS algorithms have been developed, characterized by different approaches in relation with seasonal stratification and stratification according to the measurement stations considered. Algorithms have been compared among them in order to obtain a MOS that reduces the forecast uncertainties. Results obtained show that the best MOS designed increases the accuracy of NO2 maximum 1-h daily value forecast from 71% to 75%, from 68% to 81% in the case of daily values of PM10, and finally, the accuracy of O3 maximum 1-h daily value from 79% to 87%.

关键词： Air Quality Modelling Forecasting Model Output Statistics(MOS)

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Defining a Standard Methodology to Obtain Optimum WRF Configuration for Operational Forecast: Application over the Port of Huelva (Southern Spain)

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2016年第2期6卷 329-350页

作者： raúl arasa Ignasi Porras Anna Domingo-Dalmau Miquel Picanyol Bernat Codina Mª Ángeles González Jésica Piñón Technical Department Meteosim S.L. Barcelona Spain Department of Astronomy and Meteorology University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

In this contribution, we calibrate the meteorological model weather and research forecasting (WRF) for operational forecasting in the Port of Huelva managed by the Authority Port of Huelva. Meteorological forecasting will allow reducing the impact of the meteorological phenomena over weather sensitive activities in the region. Concretely, the meteorological modeling developed will be used to analyze meteorological hazard impacts and to improve the management of the local air quality. To achieve these goals, numerous sensitive analyses corresponding to different model options have been developed. These analyses consider different physical and dynamical options, the coupling of very high resolution physiographic database (topography and land uses), and data assimilation. Comparing experiments, results with observational measures provide us by the Spanish National Meteorology Agency (AEMET). During a representative period, the optimum WRF configuration for the region is obtained. Calibration has been focused on wind due to this is the main risk factor in the region. When the model is satisfactorily calibrated, WRF is evaluated using whole modeling years 2012 and 2013, working with very high horizontal resolution, up to 0.333 km of horizontal grid resolution. Results obtained from the evaluation indicate that the numerical weather prediction system developed has a confidence level of 70% for the temperature, 81% and 66% for the wind speed and wind direction respectively, and 90% for the relative humidity. Methodology designed defines the quality control assurance of high-accuracy forecasting services of Meteosim S.l.

关键词： WRF Sensitive Analysis Meteorological Modelling Physical Options lES High Resolution

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Assessment of Climate Change in Nicaragua: Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature by Dynamical Downscaling over a 30-Year Horizon

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2016年第3期6卷 445-474页

作者： Josep Maria Solé raúl arasa Miquel Picanyol Mª Ángeles González Anna Domingo-Dalmau Marta Masdeu Ignasi Porras Bernat Codina Technical Department Meteosim S.L. Barcelona Spain Department of Astronomy and Meteorology University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

The present study has generated and analyzed Climate Change projections in Nicaragua for the period 2010-2040. The obtained results are to be used for evaluating and planning more resilient transport infrastructures in the next decades. This study has focused its efforts to pay attention into the effect of Climate Change on precipitation and temperature from a mean and extreme event perspective. Dynamical Downscaling approach on a 4 km resolution grid has been chosen as the most appropriate methodology for the estimation of the projected climate, being able to account for local-scale factors like complex topography or local land uses properly. We selected MPI-ESM-MR as the global climate model with the best skill scores in terms of precipitation and temperature in Nicaragua. MPI-ESM-MR was coupled to a mesoscale model. We chose WRF mesoescale model as the most appropriate regional model and we optimized their physical and dynamical options in order to minimize the model uncertainty in Nicaragua. For this, model output against the available in-situ measurements from the national meteorological station network and satellite data were compared. Climate change signal was estimated by comparing the different climate statistics calculated from a model run over an historical period, 1980-2009, with a model run over a projected period, 2010-2040. The obtained results from the projected climate show an increase of the mean temperature between 0.6°C and 0.8°C and an increase of the number of days per year with maximum daily temperatures higher than 35°C. Regarding precipitation, annual projected amounts do not change remarkably with respect to the historical period. However, significant changes in the distribution of the precipitation within the wet period (May-October) were observed. Moreover, an increment between 5% and 10% of the number of days without precipitation is expected. Finally, Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) projected curves show an increment of the rainfall

关键词： WRF Climate Change Global Warming Dynamical Downscaling Precipitation Projections IDF

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Pan-TRK positive uterine sarcoma in immunohistochemistry without neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase gene fusions:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第2期13卷 39-49页

作者： Seungmee lee Yu-ra Jeon Changmin Shin Sun-Young Kwon Sojin Shin Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Keimyung University School of MedicineDaegu 42601South Korea Department of Pathology and Institute for Cancer Research Keimyung University School of MedicineDaegu 42601South Korea

BACKGROUND The classification of uterine sarcomas is based on distinctive morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics,increasingly supported by molecular genetic *** on neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase(NTRK)gene fusionpositive uterine sarcoma,potentially aggressive and morphologically similar to fibrosarcoma,are limited due to its recent ***-TRK immunohistochemistry(IHC)analysis serves as an effective screening tool with high sensitivity and specificity for NTRK-fusion *** SUMMARY We report a case of a malignant mesenchymal tumor originating from the uterine cervix,which was pan-TRK IHC-positive but lacked NTRK gene fusions,accompanied by a brief literature review.A 55-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and distension,exhibiting significant ascites and multiple solid pelvic *** examination revealed a tumor encompassing the uterine cervix,extending to the vagina and uterine corpus.A punch biopsy of the cervix indicated NTRK sarcoma with positive immunochemical pan-TRK ***,subsequent next generation sequencing revealed no NTRK gene fusion,leading to a diagnosis of poorly differentiated,advanced-stage *** The clinical significance of NTRK gene fusion lies in potential treatment with TRK inhibitors for positive *** such rare tumors is crucial due to the potential applicability of tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitor treatment.

关键词： Uterine sarcoma Cervical sarcoma Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase gene fusion Next generation sequencing Case report

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Hölder,Sobolev,weak-type and BMO estimates in mixed-norm with weights for parabolic equations

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Science China Mathematics 2021年第1期64卷 129-154页

作者： Pablo raúl Stinga José l.Torrea Department of Mathematics Iowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA Departamento de Matemáticas Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid28049Spain

We prove weighted mixed-norm lqt(W2,px)and lqt(C2,αx)estimates for 10,x∈Rn.x∈Rn,The coefficients a(t)=(aij(t))are just bounded,measurable,symmetric and uniformly ***,we show strong,weak type and BMO-Sobolev estimat... 详细信息

We prove weighted mixed-norm lqt(W2,px)and lqt(C2,αx)estimates for 1l∞t(lpx)−BMOt(W2,px)and l∞t(Cαx)−BMOt(C2,xx),and *** formulas for derivatives,for the solutions u=u(t,x)to parabolic equations of the form∂tu−aij(t)∂iju+u=f,t∈,x∈n and for the Cauchy problem{∂tv−aij(t)∂ijv+v=fv(0,x)forfort>0,x∈Rn.x∈Rn,The coefficients a(t)=(aij(t))are just bounded,measurable,symmetric and uniformly ***,we show strong,weak type and BMO-Sobolev estimates with parabolic Muckenhoupt *** is quite remarkable that most of our results are new even for the classical heat equation∂tu−Δu+u=f.

关键词： Calderón-Zygmund parabolic singular integrals weak type and BMO estimates representation formulas parabolic equations mixed-norm Sobolev and Schauder estimates

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