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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2017年第7期27卷 1665-1676页

作者： r.sekar Electroplating and Metal Finishing Technology Division Central Electro Chemical Research InstituteKaraikudi 630006Tamil NaduIndia

Electrodeposition of acid copper plating on mild steel substrate is tedious due to the galvanic displacement reaction ofcopper on mild *** can be avoided by using a proper complexing agent,because the complexing agent tuned the potential ofnoble direction to less noble direction by complex *** this paper,environment friendly electrodeposition of copper fromnon-cyanide electrolyte using sodium gluconate as complexing agent was investigated in alkaline *** effects of additivessuch as1,2,3-benzotriazole,sodium lauryl sulphate,PEG8000and saccharin were *** additives are found to reduce thegrain size,grain boundaries and improve surface morphology of the copper *** they improve the throwing power of thedepositing electrolytes and hardness of *** electrodeposited copper coatings were characterized by X-ray *** results indicate that the electrodeposited copper shows polycrystalline and face centered cubic *** crystalsize was calculated by XrD and AFM *** these additives studied,the mixture of benzotriazole and sodium laurylsulphate acts as the best additive.A uniform pore-free surface observed under SEM and AFM results reveal the grain refining broughtabout by the additives.

关键词： synergistic effect gluconate additive atomic force microscopy electrodeposition copper

Efficient Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Optimized Energy Efficient Engroove Leach Clustering Protocol

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第4期29卷 985-1001页

作者： N.Meenakshi Sultan Ahmad A.V.Prabu J.Nageswara rao Nashwan Adnan Othman Hikmat A.M.Abdeljaber r.sekar Jabeen Nazeer SrM Institute of Science and Technology KattankulathurChennai 603203India Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and SciencesPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj 11942Saudi Arabia University Center for research and Development(UCrD) Department of Computer Science and EngineeringChandigarh UniversityGharuanMohali 140413India Department of ECE Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationVaddeswaramGuntur 522502India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Lakireddy Balireddy College of Engineering(A)NTR District 521230India Department of Computer Engineering College of EngineeringKnowledge UniversityErbil 44001Iraq Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information TechnologyApplied Science Private UniversityAmman 11937Jordan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering(ECE) School of EngineeringPresidency UniversityBangalore 834001India

The Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is a network that is constructed in regions that are inaccessible to human *** widespread deployment of wireless micro sensors will make it possible to conduct accurate environmental monitoring for a use in both civil and military *** make use of these data to monitor and keep track of the physical data of the surrounding environment in order to ensure the sustainability of the *** data have to be picked up by the sensor,and then sent to the sink node where they may be *** nodes of the WSNs are powered by batteries,therefore they eventually run out of *** energy restriction has an effect on the network life span and environmental *** objective of this study is to further improve the Engroove Leach(EL)protocol’s energy efficiency so that the network can operate for a very long time while consuming the least amount of *** lifespan of WSNs is being extended often using clustering and routing *** Meta Inspired Hawks Fragment Optimization(MIHFO)system,which is based on passive clustering,is used in this study to do *** cluster head is chosen based on the nodes’residual energy,distance to neighbors,distance to base station,node degree,and node *** on distance,residual energy,and node degree,an algorithm known as Heuristic Wing Antfly Optimization(HWAFO)selects the optimum path between the cluster head and Base Station(BS).They examine the number of nodes that are active,their energy consumption,and the number of data packets that the BS *** overall experimentation is carried out under the MATLAB *** the analysis,it has been discovered that the suggested approach yields noticeably superior outcomes in terms of throughput,packet delivery and drop ratio,and average energy consumption.

关键词： wireless sensor networks energy efficient engroove leach protocol meta inspired Hawks fragment optimization heuristic wing antfly optimization

Development of black Ni-Co alloy films from modified Watts electrolyte and its morphology and structural characteristics

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2015年第6期25卷 1961-1967页

作者： r.sekar K.K.JAGADESH G.N.K.rAMESH BAPU Electroplating and Metal Finishing Technology Division CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute

The electrodeposition of black Ni-Co alloy film from Watts nickel solution and the effects of benzotriaozole and imidazole as the additives were studied. The electrolyte consists of NiSO4, NiC12, H3BO3, COSO4 and KNO3. The cathode current efficiency and the throwing power of the solution and the film adhesion to the mild steel metallic foil were determined by standard methods. The crystal structure, lattice parameter, crystal orientation and crystal size were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XrD）. Moreover, the surface morphology and elemental composition of the black Ni-Co alloy films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） techniques. The darkness of the black films increases with increasing the incorporation of Co ion into the films. The XrD studies reveal that the black Ni-Co alloy films exhibit Ni （11 l） as the preferred orientation.

关键词： additive electrodeposition black Ni-Co alloy adhesion

Autocatalytic deposition of copper from modified electrolytes and its characteristics

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2015年第11期25卷 3791-3801页

作者： r.sekar K.K.JAGADESH G.N.K.rAMESH BAPU Electroplating and Metal Finishing Technology Division Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electrochemical Research Institute

The electroless deposition process of copper plating consisting of TEA and EDTA as complexing agents,paraformaldehyde as reducing agent,and 2-mercaptobenzothiozole as stabilizer and gelatin and animal glue as additives was *** stability of the electroless copper solution was monitored by measuring the absorbance of the solution with a UV-Visible spectrophotometer and the solution was quite stable up to 15 *** adhesion of copper films on mild steel foil was assessed by standard bend test and exhibited good *** XrD results indicate that the copper films have a(111) ***,the additives suppress the predominant(111) plane crystal growth and increase the rate of(220) texture crystal *** crystal size of the copper films was calculated using the Scherrer formula from the predominant *** and AFM studies reveal that these two additives modify the crystal structure,grain size and surface morphology of the copper *** cyclic voltammetry studies reveal that the additives are adsorbed on the electrode surface and inhibit the rate of *** polarization and electrochemical impedance studies reveal that the deposits produced in the presence of additives display higher corrosion resistance.

关键词： electroless copper additives potentiodynamic polarization electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Major histocompatibility complex I upregulation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma is associated with increased survival

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Asian Journal of Urology 2016年第2期3卷 75-81页

作者： rishi r.sekar Claire M.De La Calle Dattatraya Patil Sarah A.Holzman Yoram Baum Umer Sheikh Jonathan H.Huang Adeboye O.Osunkoya Brian P.Pollack Haydn T.Kissick Kenneth Ogan Viraj A.Master Department of Urology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Pathology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Dermatology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA The Atlanta VA Medical Center DecaturGAUSA

Objective:To examine the prognostic value of tumor major histocompatibility complex I(MHCI)expression on survival and recurrence in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma(rCC).Methods:Fifty-three patients that underwent nephrectomy at our institution for clear cell rCC(T1eT3)with4 years of follow-up were queried from our nephrectomy *** staining for MHCI was performed on tumor specimens and MHCI expression was quantified with an automated image analysis *** were divided into high and low MHCI expression groups in order to study the relationship between MHCI expression and prognosis using the KaplaneMeier method and log-rank ***:Overall survival and recurrence free survival were increased in the high MHCI expression group compared to the low MHCI expression group(log-rank,p=0.036 and p=0.028,respectively).Patients alive at the end of the study had higher MHCI expression(mean positivity score 0.82)than those that died of disease(mean positivity score 0.76,t test,p=0.030).Patients that did not develop recurrence during the study period had higher MHCI expression(mean positivity score 0.83)than those that did develop recurrence(mean positivity score 0.78),but this difference was not significant(t test,p =0.079).

关键词： renal cell carcinoma Prognosis MHCI Biomarker

A novel preoperative inflammatory marker prognostic score in patients with localized and metastatic renal cell carcinoma

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Asian Journal of Urology 2017年第4期4卷 230-238页

作者： rishi r.sekar Dattatraya Patil Yoram Baum Jeffrey Pearl Anna Bausum Mehmet A.Bilen Omer Kucuk Wayne B.Harris Bradley C.Carthon Mehrdad Alemozaffar Christopher P.Filson John G.Pattaras Peter T.Nieh Kenneth Ogan Viraj A.Master Department of Urology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA The Atlanta VA Medical Center Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Objective:Several inflammatory markers have been studied as potential biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma(rCC),however few reports have analyzed their prognostic value in aggregate and in non-clear cell *** hypothesize that a combination of specific inflammatory markers into an rCC Inflammatory Score(rISK)could serve as a rigorous prognostic indicator of overall survival(OS)in patients with clear cell and non-clear cell ***:Combination of preoperative C-reactive protein(CrP),albumin,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESr),corrected calcium,and aspartate transaminase to alanine transaminase(AST/ALT)ratio was used to develop *** was developed using grid-search methodology,receiver-operating-characteristic(rOC)analysis,and sensitivity-specificity trade-off *** value of rISK was analyzed using the KaplaneMeier method and Cox proportional regression *** accuracy was compared with rISK to Size,Size,Grade,and Necrosis(SSIGN)score,University of California-LOS Angeles(UCLA)Integrated Staging System(UISS),and Leibovich Prognosis Score(LPS).

关键词： renal cell carcinoma Inflammation Prognosis Biomarker

A screen-printed, amperometric biosensor for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第5期24卷 956-962页

作者： raju sekar Department of Biological Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University

An amperometric biosensor based on screen-printed electrodes （SPEs） was developed for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. The extent of acetylcholinesterase （AChE） deactivation was determined and quantified for pesticide concentrations in water samples. An enzyme immobilization adsorption procedure and polyacrylamide gel matrix polymerization were used for fabrication of the biosensor, with minimal losses in enzyme activity. The optimal conditions for enzyme catalytic reaction on the SPEs surfaces were acetylthiocholine chloride （ATChCl） concentration of 5 mmol/L, pH 7 and reaction time of 4 min. The detection limits for three organophosphorus pesticides （dichlorvos, monocrotophs and parathion） were in the range of 4 to 7 μg/L when an AChE amount of 0.1 U was used for immobilization.

关键词： organophosphorus pesticides acetylcholinesterase enzyme immobilization screen-printed electrodes biosensor

recent progress in in vivo studies and clinical applications of magnesium based biodegradable implants–A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第4期9卷 1149-1166页

作者： Prithivirajan sekar Narendranath S Vijay Desai Corrosion Engineering Lab Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkalSrinivasanagarMangalore 575025KarnatakaIndia

Biodegradable magnesium has regained great attention due to its ability to temporarily offer mechanical strength and degrade completely once the injured pathological tissue is healed.A few clinical applications of Mg-based implants were reported in the last ***,the knowledge and experience is being gained continuously by studying the host response and degradation behavior of Mg implant in animal models and clinical *** led to the development of commercial products emerging from Europe and Asia very *** potential of Mg implants in repairing fractures at upper and lower limb of large,small animal models and humans is compared and discussed in *** addition the possible future Mg implants that might treat problems concerning to urology and gynecology are reviewed.

关键词： Biodegradable Magnesium Fracture healing Translational medicine Clinical trials

Understanding the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Magnesium composites – a critical review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 890-939页

作者： Prithivirajan sekar S.K.Panigrahi Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India Applied Magnesium research Center Center of Excellence in Materials and Manufacturing for Futuristic MobilityIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India

realising the potential of Magnesium(Mg),several globally leading ventures have invested in the Mg industry,but their relatively poor corrosion resistance is a never ending saga till *** corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg has gained research attention and still remains a hot topic in the application of automobile,aerospace and biomedical *** intrinsic high electrochemical nature of Mg limits their utilization in diverse *** scenario has prompted the development of Mg composites with an aim to achieve superior corrosion and bio-corrosion *** present review enlightens the influence of grain size(GS),secondary phase,texture,type of matrix and reinforcement on the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg ***,the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg composites manufactured by primary and secondary processing routes are ***,the comprehensive corrosion and bio-corrosion mechanisms of these Mg composites are ***,the individual role of GS,texture and corrosive medium on corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg composites are clarified and *** challenges encountered,unanswered issues in this field are explained in detail and accordingly the scope for future research is *** review is presented from basic concrete background to advanced corrosion mechanisms with an aim of creating interest among the readers like students,researchers and industry experts from various research ***,the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg composites are critically reviewed for the first time to:(i)contribute to the body of knowledge,(ii)foster research and development,(iii)make breakthrough,and(iv)create life changing innovations in the field of Mg composite corrosion.

关键词： Corrosion Bio corrosion Magnesium alloys Magnesium composites Magnesium implants.

Experimental study of the interspecific competition between two sibling marine herbivorous rotifers in relation to food availability and initial population density

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2012年第4期31卷 113-126页

作者： Divya S P Kathiresan K Asha P sekar V rajasekaran r Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology Faculty of Marine SciencesAnnamalai University School of Environmental Studies Cochin University of Science and Technology

Our laboratory study concerns the competitive interaction between two marine rotifer species Bra- chionus plicatilis and Brachionus rotundiformis at five algal （ Nannochloropsis salina） concentrations （0.4＊106 to 32.4x106 cells/ml） and at four initial inoculation densities （numerically, 100% B. pli- catilis; 75% B. plicatilis and 25% B. rotundiforrnis, 50% each of the two species; 25% B. plicatilis and 75% B. rotundiformis and 100% B. rotundiforrnis. The initial biomass varied as 0.33 and 0.22 #g/ml for B. plicatilis and B. rotundiformis respectively. Experiments were performed at （25±1）C. Population densities were enumerated and the medium was changed daily up to 8 d in the ex- periment. At the lowest food level tested, B. rotundiformis formed superior competitor than B. plicatilis, regardless of starting inoculation density. Generally when the food concentrations in- creased, B. plicatilis showed a greater increase in biomass than B. rotundiforrnis. B. rotundiformis formed the largest in population growth, regardless of increasing food concentrations. When grown alone, B. plicatilis reached peak abundances of （1.311 5±0.028） and （137.5±0.014） μg/ml at low and high food densities respectively. The corresponding values of B. rotundiformis were 0.724 5±0.016 and 18.15±0.021. The adverse effects of B. rotundiforrnis on the peak abundances of B. plicatilis were observed at the lowest food level and higher initial density. The rate of population growth in controls varied from （0.792±0.162） to （1.482±0.132） ttm/d for B. plicatilis and （0.445~0.041） to （0.856±0.012） μm/d for B. rotundiformis, depending on food level. When both species were intro- duced together, low food levels favoured higher abundance of B. rotundiforrnis than B. plicatilis, suggesting that increased population density of the smaller B. rotundiforrnis was more successfull than larger B. plicatilis in brackish waters. Our work reveals that available food （type and quan- tity） along with starting inoculat

关键词： competition food level B. plicatilis B. rotundiformis population density interspecificcompetition