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Open Journal of Soil Science 2025年第1期15卷 1-21页

作者： Kenneth r. Olson College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The legacy of United States cluster munition use in Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War is residual bomblets that unexpectedly detonate years later, killing and injuring children, farmers, and other civilians. Cluster munitions release dozens of smaller bomblets that rain deadly ammunition on troops, armored tanks, and vegetation, effectively striking broad sections of war zone landscapes in one launch. While many bomblets detonate immediately, others fail to detonate and can lie dormant on the ground for years. The primary objectives of this study were to document the long-term consequences and impacts of the US Air Force bombing of Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War (1959 to 1973). The historical lessons learned by United States should be shared with russia and Ukraine governments and military. These countries need to discontinue the use of cluster bombs to prevent additional people living along the russia-Ukraine border from having to live and die with the consequences of unexploded ordnance, including cluster bombs, for the next century.

关键词： Cluster Munitions Ordnance Bombs Laos Cluster Bomblets US Air Force Air America UXO

Major Asperities that ruptured in Large California Earthquakes, Surrounding Pre-Shocks, and Some Yearly to Decadal Precursory Changes in Seismic Activity

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International Journal of Geosciences 2025年第1期16卷 99-125页

作者： Lynn r. Sykes Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Palisades NY USA

Double-difference locations of forerunning shocks of seismic magnitude, M, 2 to 6 are examined in the months to decades before 11 mainshocks in California of magnitude 6 and larger. Each of the 11 had large quiet zones beforehand, which are called asperities, that break nearly entirely in large mainshocks. Their surrounding 11 zones were all sites of small to moderate-size shocks that define the approximate magnitudes of the coming large event. The latter, donuts of activity, are places to examine for precursory changes years to decades before larger earthquakes. The quiet asperities and many sites at the earth’s surface are not good places to monitor precursory changes before large mainshocks. Detecting forerunning events to large future earthquakes requires monitoring the right places. A few possible precursory changes are identified and discussed.

关键词： Active Faults Plate Boundaries California Double-Difference Locations San Andreas Fault Asperities Forecasts Predictions Seismology

Assessment of Health risks Associated with nitrate in Drinking Well Water: Case Study, M’Bahiakro (Central-Eastern Côte d’Ivoire)

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Journal of Water resource and Protection 2025年第1期17卷 35-46页

作者： Hervé Achié n’cho ruth Baï Euclide Kouadio n’Goran Kouadio Koffı Lazare Kouakou Kouassı Innocent Kouassi Kouamé Laboratoire de Gosciences et Environnement UFR Sciences et Gestion de lEnvironnement Universit Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan Cte dIvoire Laboratoire de Sciences du Sol de lEau et des Gomatriaux UFR Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minires Universit Flix Houphouet Boigny Abidjan Cte dIvoire Laboratoire de Gnie de lEau et de lEnvironnement UFR Environnement Universit Jean Lorougnon Gud de Daloa Daloa Cte dIvoire

nitrate contamination of groundwater is a worldwide problem, particularly in agricultural countries. Exposure to high levels of nitrates in groundwater can have adverse effects on the health of residents who use groundwater for drinking. This study aims to assess the health risk associated with the ingestion of nitrates in well water in the town of M’bahiakro. Health risk maps were created on the basis of hazard quotients (HQ) using the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) health risk assessment model. The results indicate that residents of the Koko, Dougouba and Baoulekro neighbourhoods, whatever their age, are potentially exposed to the toxic effects of nO3−during their daily intake of nitrate-contaminated well water, with reference to hazard quotients (HQ) greater than 1. nitrate concentrations in the groundwater should therefore be controlled in order to prevent their harmful effects on the health of the population and guarantee its use in rice-growing activities in M’Bahiakro.

关键词： nitrate Well Health risks M’Bahiakro

Lattice thermal conduction in cadmium arsenide

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第11期31卷 424-430页

作者： r F Chinnappagoudra M D Kamatagi n r Patil n S Sankeshwar Department of Physics S.S.Government First Grade CollegeNargund-582207KarnatakaIndia research resource Centre Visvesvaraya Technological UniversityBelagavi-590018KarnatakIndia Department of Physics B V B College of Engineering and TechnologyHubliKarnataka 80031India Department of Physics&Electronics CHRIST(Deemed to be University)Bangalore-560029KarnatakaIndia

Lattice thermal conductivity(LTC)of cadmium arsenide(Cd_(3)As_(2))is studied over a wide temperature range(1–400 K)by employing the Callaway *** acoustic phonons are considered to be the major carriers of heat and to be scattered by the sample boundaries,disorder,impurities,and other phonons via both Umklapp and normal phonon *** calculations of LTC of Cd_(3)As_(2)bring out the relative importance of the scattering *** systematic analysis of recent experimental data on thermal conductivity(TC)of Cd_(3)As_(2)samples of different groups,presented in terms of LTC,κL,using a nonlinear regression method,reveals good fits to the TC data of the samples considered for Tnd suggests a value of 0.2 for the Gruneisen *** is,however,found that for T>100 K the inclusion of the electronic component of TC,κe,incorporating contributions from relevant electron scattering mechanisms,is needed to obtain good agreement with the TC data over the wide temperature *** detailed investigations of TC of Cd_(3)As_(2)are required to better understand its suitability in thermoelectric and thermal management devices.

关键词： dirac semimetals Cd_(3)As_(2) thermal conductivity phonon scattering

reframing the Cultivation Metaphor in Education by reflecting on CLIL Professional Development Through a Forest Gardening Lens

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Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 2025年第1期48卷 90-108页

作者： rebekah r. Gordon Michigan State University East Lansing US

Cultivation metaphors that compare teachers and students to gardeners and plants, respectively, have a long presence in the field of education. While such metaphors can be used to represent learner-centered pedagogies in which a teacher fosters the growth of their students, there is also a darker side to cultivation metaphors. For instance, ref="#j_CJAL-2025-0106_ref_045" class="link link-bibr" data-bs-target="j_CJAL-2025-0106_ref_045" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" title="Zipory, O. (2020). Against cultivation: On the dark side of the gardening metaphor for teaching. Other Education: The Journal of Educational Alternatives, 9(2), 44-61. https://***/***/OE/article/view/281/283Search in Google Scholar">Zipory (2020) argues that characteristics of agriculture’s grain economy—like repetitiveness, coercion, and lack of diversity—can be imposed onto education. Following Zipory’s call for the forest to serve as a more apt metaphorical trajectory for education, I propose using the forest garden as a middle ground between the traditional garden and the natural forest. To highlight the potential usefulness of the forest garden metaphor in education, I explore its application as related to teacher professional development (PD), specifically content and language integrated learning (CLIL) PD. By reflecting on the design and outcomes of Project SCILLA, a CLIL PD program for Kazakhstani university instructors, as well as CLIL PD more broadly, I demonstrate how the forest garden metaphor conceptualizes the relationships and power dynamics between and across various stakeholders in education in response to global rhetoric, national and local policies, and interpersonal interactions. By emulating the sustainable forest garden’s principles of planning and intentionality, localization, interconnectedness, diversity, creativity, and growth from decay, stakeholders can (re)shape the policies and practices of multilingual, multicultural education systems. I

关键词： teacher professional development CLIL conceptual metaphor ecological systems forest gardening

OH and O radicals production in atmospheric pressure air/Ar/H_2O gliding arc discharge plasma jet

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Plasma Science and Technology 2017年第12期19卷 71-80页

作者： n C rOY M r TALUKDEr A n CHOWDHUrY Plasma Science and Technology Laboratory Department of Applied Physics and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of RajshahiRajshahi 6205Bangladesh Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial research Laboratory rajshahi Rajshahi 6206Bangladesh

Atmospheric pressure air/Ar/H_2O gliding arc discharge plasma is produced by a pulsed dc power supply. An optical emission spectroscopic（OES） diagnostic technique is used for the characterization of plasmas and for identifications of OH and O radicals along with other species in the plasmas. The OES diagnostic technique reveals the excitation Tx？≈？5550–9000 K, rotational Tr？≈？1350–2700 K and gas Tg？≈？850–1600 K temperatures, and electron density n？（1.1-1.9） ′101 4 cm^（-3） e under different experimental conditions. The production and destruction of OH and O radicals are investigated as functions of applied voltage and air flow rate. relative intensities of OH and O radicals indicate that their production rates are increased with increasing Ar content in the gas mixture and applied voltage. nereveals that the higher densities of OH and O radicals are produced in the discharge due to more effective electron impact dissociation of H_2O and O_2 molecules caused by higher kinetic energies as gained by electrons from the enhanced electric field as well as by enhanced n *** productions of OH and O are decreasing with increasing air flow rate due to removal of Joule heat from the discharge region but enhanced air flow rate significantly modifies discharge maintenance properties. Besides, Tgsignificantly reduces with the enhanced air flow rate. This investigation reveals that Ar plays a significant role in the production of OH and O radicals.

关键词： reactive oxygen species(rOS) optical emission spectroscopy(OES) gliding arc discharge plasma kinetics broadening mechanism

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块系岩体准共振诱发弱夹层拉压损伤断裂研究

岩石力学与工程学报 2025年第1期44卷 114-127页

作者：王凯兴徐伟刚潘一山薛佳琪 OPArIn V n KIrYAEVA T A 辽宁工程技术大学力学与工程学院辽宁阜新123000 俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院矿业研究所俄罗斯新西伯利亚630091

当外界扰动频率接近块系岩体的固有频率时,会出现准共振现象。这一现象导致岩块间的弱夹层应变急剧变化,从而加快弱夹层的动态损伤断裂。为了研究块系岩体准共振导致岩块间弱夹层的动态拉压损伤断裂规律,基于块系岩体模型,分析准共振状... 详细信息

当外界扰动频率接近块系岩体的固有频率时,会出现准共振现象。这一现象导致岩块间的弱夹层应变急剧变化,从而加快弱夹层的动态损伤断裂。为了研究块系岩体准共振导致岩块间弱夹层的动态拉压损伤断裂规律,基于块系岩体模型,分析准共振状态下弱夹层的变形特征。结合岩石动态损伤断裂准则,对准共振状态下弱夹层的动态损伤断裂进行理论计算分析,进而研究动态破坏规律。通过数值模拟揭示了准共振状态下块系岩体中弱夹层的损伤演化特征。结果表明:当块系岩体发生准共振现象时,岩块间的相对位移急剧增加,使得弱夹层的应变和损伤程度明显增大;弱夹层的损伤程度在准共振频率下最高,同时受外部扰动力和弱夹层的刚度、黏性、厚度及岩块质量等系统参数的影响;块系岩体发生准共振时断裂应力增大,但从断裂到完全破坏的时间明显缩短,即残余承载能力大幅下降。该研究对认识块系岩体的动态断裂具有一定的参考价值。

关键词：岩石力学块系岩体准共振弱夹层变形动态损伤断裂

Over 200 times current enhancement via buckling triboelectric nanogenerator at ultra-low speed for monitoring the swelling of lithium ion batteries

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Science Bulletin 2025年第2期70卷 148-152页

作者： Maoyi Zhang Chaosheng Hu Tongtong Zhang Chris r.Bowen rui Li YongAn Huang Yewang Su Zhong Lin Wang Ya Yang Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor Center for High-Entropy Energy and SystemsBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China State Key Laboratory of nonlinear Mechanics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of BathBath BA27AKUK State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Material Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332-0245USA

Sensors deployed within the Internet of Things(Io T)require a stable and continuous electrical energy supply[1].The traditional approach to provide an energy supply relies primarily on battery power,which has specific shortcomings;these include integration difficulties,the need for frequent charging or replacement,and environmental pollution associated with battery production and *** solve the challenge of delivering an energy supply to sensors,researchers have designed self-powered sensors or have produced power for sensors by scavenging mechanical energy from the surrounding *** generators[2],piezoelectric generators[3]and triboelectric nanogenerators(TEnGs)[4,5]are common approaches to scavenge mechanical *** have been widely used in the development of self-powered sensors and the supply of electrical energy to sensors due to their high performance,low cost,and wide range of potential materials[6].

关键词： battery buckling swelling

Optical actuation of a micromechanical photodiode via the photovoltaic-piezoelectric effect

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Microsystems & nanoengineering 2021年第2期7卷 167-175页

作者： A.rampal r.n.Kleiman Department of Engineering Physics McMaster UniversityHamiltonONL8S 4L7Canada Present address:CircuitMind Inc 185 Spadina AvenueTorontoONM5T 2C6Canada

radiation pressure and photothermal forces have been previously used to optically actuate micro/nanomechanical structures fabricated from semiconductor piezoelectric materials such as gallium arsenide(GaAs).In these materials,coupling of the photovoltaic and piezoelectric properties has not been fully explored and leads to a new type of optical actuation that we call the photovoltaic-piezoelectric effect(PVPZ).We demonstrate this effect by electrically measuring,via the direct piezoelectric effect,the optically induced strain in a novel torsional *** micron-scale torsional resonator is fabricated from a lattice-matched single-crystal molecular beam epitaxy(MBE)-grown GaAs photodiode *** find that the strain depends on the product of the electro-optic responsivity and piezoelectric constant of *** photovoltaic-piezoelectric effect has important potential applications,such as in the development of configurable optical circuits,which can be used in neuromorphic photonic chips,processing of big data with deep learning and the development of quantum circuits.

关键词： resonator piezoelectric effect

Graphene Oxide and Moringa oleifera Seed Oil Incorporated into Gelatin-Based Films:A novel Active Food Packaging Material

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Journal of renewable Materials 2025年第2期13卷 311-327页

作者： María Fernanda Cardona Lunar ramón Ordoñez Heidi Fonseca Florido Joaquín Hernández-Fernández rodrigo Ortega-Toro Food Packaging and Shelf-Life research Group(FP&SL) Food Engineering DepartmentUniversity of CartagenaCartagena de Indias130015Colombia Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de HondurasTegucigalpa11101Honduras Investigador por México-COnAHCYT Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada(CIQA)Saltillo25294México Chemistry Program Department of Natural and Exact SciencesSan Pablo CampusUniversity of CartagenaCartagena130015Colombia Chemical Engineering Program School of EngineeringUniversidad Tecnológica de BolívarCartagena130001Colombia Department of natural and Exact Science Universidad de la CostaBarranquilla080002Colombia

The extensive use of polymeric materials in single-use packaging has driven the need to develop biodegradable *** study investigates the incorporation of graphene oxide(GO)and Moringa oleifera seed oil(MOSO)into a gelatin matrix to create polymer films and evaluate their potential as active packaging *** properties of these films were evaluated using structural,thermal,mechanical,optical,and physicochemical methods to determine their suitability for food packaging *** results showed that GO and MOSO were homogeneously dispersed in the gelatin matrix,forming colloidal particles(around 5μm in diameter).The addition of GO increased opacity by approximately 20 times the base value while MOSO affected light transmittance without impacting *** properties were affected differently,GO acted as a crosslinking agent reducing elongation and increasing tensile strength at break,on the other hand MOSO acted as a plasticizer,making films more plastic increasing elongation a 30%.These effects counteracted each other,and similar behavior was recorded in differential scanning *** films exhibited an improved water vapor resistance,which is crucial for food *** findings indicate that the incorporation of GO and MOSO into a gelatin matrix may produce biodegradable polymer films with enhanced properties,suitable for active packaging in the food industry.

关键词： Biodegradable packaging graphene oxide Moringa oleifera seed oil mechanical properties thermal stability water vapor resistance food packaging applications