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Organophosphate pesticides an emerging environmental contaminant: Pollution, toxicity, bioremediation progress, and remaining challenges

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 234-250页

作者： Himanshu Mali Chandni Shah b.H.raghunandan Anil S.Prajapati Darshan H.Patel Ujjval Trivedi r.b.subramanian P.G.Department of biosciences UGC-Centre of Advanced StudiesSatellite CampusSardar Patel UniversitySardar Patel MaidanBakrol-Vadtal RoadBakrol 388315GujaratIndia Charotar Institute of Paramedical Sciences Charotar University of Science and Technology(CHARUSAT)Changa 388421GujaratIndia

Organophosphates(OPs)are an integral part of modern agriculture;however,due to overexploitation,OPs pesticides residues are leaching and accumulating in the soil,and groundwater contaminated terrestrial and aquatic food webs.Acute exposure to OPs could produce toxicity in insects,plants,animals,and humans.OPs are known for covalent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in pests and terrestrial/aquatic organisms,leading to nervous,respiratory,reproductive,and hepatic abnormalities.OPs pesticides also disrupt the growth-promoting machinery in plants by inhibiting key enzymes,permeability,and trans-cuticular diffusion,which is crucial for plant growth.Excessive use of OPs,directly/indirectly affecting human/environmental health,raise a thoughtful global concern.Developing a safe,reliable,economical,and eco-friendly methods for removing OPs pesticides from the environment is thus necessary.bioremediation techniques coupled with microbes or microbial-biocatalysts are emerging as promising antidotes for OPs pesticides.Here,we comprehensively review the current scenario of OPs pollution,their toxicity(at a molecular level),and the recent advancements in biotechnology(modified biocatalytic systems)for detection,decontamination,and bioremediation of OP-pesticides in polluted environments.Furthermore,the review focuses on onsite applications of OPs degrading enzymes(immobilizations/biosensors/others),and it also highlights remaining challenges with future approaches.

关键词： Organophosphorus compounds Toxicity bioremediation Microorganisms Enzymes biosensors

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Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha):a Novel Source of L-asparaginase

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Journal of Integrative Plant biology 2009年第2期51卷 201-206页

作者： Vishal P.Oza Shraddha D.Trivedi Pritesh P.Parmar r.b.subramanian b.r.D.School of biosciences Sardar Patel UniversityV.V.Nagar 388 120 (Gujarat)India b.r.D.School of biosciences Sardar Patel UniversityV.V.Nagar 388120 (Gujarat)India

Different parts of plant species belonging to Solanaceae and Fabaceae families were screened for L-asparaginase enzyme （E.C.3.***.1.1.）. Among 34 plant species screened for L-asparaginase enzyme. Withania somnifera L. was identified as a potential source of the enzyme on the basis of high specific activity of the enzyme. The enzyme was purified and characterized from W. somnifera, a popular medicinal plant in South East Asia and Southern Europe. Purification was carried out by a combination of protein precipitation with ammonium sulfate as well as Sephadex-gel filtration. The purified enzyme is a homodimer, with a molecular mass of 72 ± 0.5 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisand size exclusion chromatography. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 8.5 and an optimum temperature of 37 ℃. The Km value for the enzyme is 6.1 × 10^-2 mmol/L. This is the first report for L-asparaginase from W. somnifera, a traditionally used Indian medicinal plant.

关键词： Fabaceae L-asparaginase purification Sotanaceae Withania somnifera.

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Ethnobotanical database based screening and identification of potential plant species with antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive(3D7) strain of Plasmodium falciparum

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical biomedicine 2018年第2期8卷 92-97页

作者： Monica Noronha Shivali Guleria Dhara Jani L.b.George Hyacinth Highland r.b.subramanian P.G.Department of biosciences Centre of Advanced Studies Satellite Campus Sardar Patel MaidanBakrol Vadtal road Sardar Patel University Department of Zoology Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics School of SciencesGujarat University

Objective: To evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of aqueous-methanolic plant extracts of nine plant species selected, based on ethnobotanical data. Methods: based on ethnobotanical database, the selected plants were tested for their antiplasmodial activity against chloroquinesensitive(3 D7) strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Qualitative tests and high performance thin layer chromatography analysis were carried out to explore the phytocomponents present in the plant extracts. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl antioxidant activity was also determined to check the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts. results: Moringa oleifera(IC_(50): 3.906 μg/mL),Acalypha indica(IC_(50): 3.906 μg/mL), Hyptis suaveolens(IC_(50): 3.906 μg/mL), Mangifera indica(IC_(50): 4.150 μg/mL) and Averrhoa bilimbi(IC_(50): 4.881 μg/mL) showed very good antiplasmodial activity. Conclusions: Crude extracts of Mangifera indica and Hyptis suaveolens demonstrated the most efficacious antimalarial activity. A bioassay-guided fractionation of these extracts to identify the lead compound is proved to be useful. The results validate the traditional use of the selected plants as antimalarials.

关键词： Antiplasmodial Antioxidant Plasmodium falciparum Ethnobotany

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Influence of the Percentage of Polar and Non-polar Amino-acids in the β-tubulin gene of the Nematophagous fungus: Arthrobotrys musiformis in conferring benzimidazole resistance

Influence of the Percentage of Polar and Non-polar Amino-aci...

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2012 4th International Conference on bioinformatics and biomedical Technology（ICbbT 2012）

作者： b.M.S.Jarullah K.Katudia r.b.subramanian S.Kajal J.S.Jarullah Department of biotechnology Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya Gandhinagar-382023 Gujarat India brD School of biosciences Sardar Patel UniversityVallabh Vidyanagar-388120 Gujarat India King Fahad Medical research Center Faculty of Medicine King Abdul Aziz UniversityJeddah Saudi Arabia

Arthrobotrys musiformis is a biocontrol agent which can be used in the integrated pest management strategies. Although this isolate was found to show high benzimidazole resistance as compared to the other biocontrol agents, considering the dose of administration of anthelmintics, a need for developing an improved strain of this fungus resistant to chemical anthelimintics was observed. In our earlier study improved strains of Arthrobotrys musiformis were obtained using random mutagenesis technique. reports suggest benzimidazole resistance to be caused by point mutations in β-tubulin gene. The current study therefore focuses on analyzing the β-tubulin genes of the selected mutants in comparison with the wild type fungus to understand its role in benzimidazole resistance. All the mutants were analyzed for their LD50 values followed by sequencing of the β-tubulin genes. A cladogram was generated of the sequenced β-tubulin genes followed by a detailed study of the sequences in terms of their amino acid composition and mutations. The results suggest increased percentage of non-polar amino acids in the β-tubulin gene to confer higher benzimidazole resistance to this fungus.

关键词： β-tubulin genes Arthrobotrys musiformis benzimidazole non-polar amino acids

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In-hospital outcomes in COVID-19 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by severity of obesity:Insights from national inpatient sample 2020

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第6期16卷 912-919页

作者： Sashwath Srikanth Vibhor Garg Lakshmi subramanian Jyoti Verma Hansika Sharma Harroop Singh Klair Shrenil A Kavathia Jithin Kolli Teja Nikhil Sai Vasireddy Kumar Anmol Dhanush Kolli Shruti Sanjay bodhankar Sobya Hashmi Shaylika Chauhan rupak Desai Department of Medicine ECU Health Medical CenterGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Medicine Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10461United States Department of Medicine North Alabama Medical CentreFlorenceAL 35630United States Department of General Medicine Gandhi Medical CollegeSecunderabad 500003TelanganaIndia Department of Medicine Government Medical CollegePatiala 147001PunjabIndia Department of Medicine B.J.Medical CollegeAhmedabad 380016GujaratIndia Department of Medicine JSS Medical CollegeMysore 570015KarnatakaIndia Department of Internal Medicine Gandhi Medical CollegeSecunderabad 500003TelanganaIndia Department of Medicine Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal 575001KarnatakaIndia Clinical Extern Department of Internal MedicineBeaumont HospitalDearbornMI 48124United States Department of Internal Medicine Geisinger Health SystemWilkes-BarrePA 18702United States Independent researcher AtlantaGA 30079United States

bACKGrOUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases independently of other risk factors.However,data on its effect on cardiovascular outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)hospitalizations with varied obesity levels is scarce.Clinical management and patient care depend on understanding COVID-19 admission results in NAFLD patients with varying obesity levels.AIM To study the in-hospital outcomes in COVID-19 patients with NAFLD by severity of obesity.METHODS COVID-19 hospitalizations with NAFLD were identified using International Classification of Disease-10 CM codes in the 2020 National Inpatient Sample database.Overweight and Obesity Classes Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ(body mass index 30-40)were compared.Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events(MACCE)(all-cause mortality,acute myocardial infarction,cardiac arrest,and stroke)were compared between groups.Multivariable regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographic,hospitalization features,and comorbidities.rESULTS Our analysis comprised 13260 hospitalizations,7.3% of which were overweight,24.3% Class Ⅰ,24.1% Class Ⅱ,and 44.3% Class Ⅲ.Class Ⅲ obesity includes younger patients,blacks,females,diabetics,and hypertensive patients.On multivariable logistic analysis,Class Ⅲ obese patients had higher risks of MACCE,inpatient mortality,and respiratory failure than Class Ⅰ obese patients.Class Ⅱ obesity showed increased risks of MACCE,inpatient mortality,and respiratory failure than Class I,but not significantly.All obesity classes had non-significant risks of MACCE,inpatient mortality,and respiratory failure compared to the overweight group.CONCLUSION Class Ⅲ obese NAFLD COVID-19 patients had a greater risk of adverse outcomes than class Ⅰ.Using the overweight group as the reference,unfavorable outcomes were not significantly different.Morbid obesity had a greater risk of MACCE regardless of the referent group(overweight or Class Ⅰ obese)compared to overweight NAFLD patients admitted with COVID-19.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Obesity Obese body mass index Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events Mortality Acute myocardial infarction Cardiac arrest Stroke

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Identification of Potential Species Croton bonplandianum, Sedges and balanitis aegyptiacafor the Application of Phytoremediation

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 1246-1251页

作者： Pritesh Parmar bhaumik Dave Ketankumar Panchal r. b. subramanian b r D School of biosciences Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidya India.

Heavy metal contamination to the environment is a serious problem in the developing countries due to anthropogenic activities, a threat needs to remediate to sustain the life on earth, technology includes use of microorganisms and different plant species. In consideration of biomass, phytoremediation is a very useful techniques above all, can be exploit by identification of hyperaccumulator, which accumulates the heavy metal under metal stress condition. In view of constraints of efficient plant species in present study thirty seven different plant species were screened for the identification of heavy metal accumulators. Croton bonplandianum, sedges and balanites aegyptiaca amongst the all exhibit superior potential of heavy metal accumulation. This is the first report to unravel the heavy metal accumulation property of three different plant species which can be exploited for the bioremediation of heavy metals.

关键词： balanitis aegyptiaca Croton bonplandianum Hyperaccumulator Phytoremediation Screening Sedges

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Should we recycle the graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries?The untold story of graphite with the importance of recycling

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第8期31卷 351-369,I0010页

作者： subramanian Natarajan Madhusoodhanan Lathika Divya Vanchiappan Aravindan Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research(IISER)

Demand for graphite in the forthcoming years to develop Li-ion batteries(LIbs)with the goal of driving electric vehicles(EV)and its requirement in multifarious energy storage applications as an electrode.The emerging sector of LIb-based EVs,along with portable electronics,produces an inevitable volume of batteries in the e-waste stream.The main reason for the lower percentage of recycling(at present,recovery of economically rich metals like Li,Ni,and Co.However,complete recycling technologies,including the strategic material graphite,which is available in a massive amount of spent LIbs,are urgently needed to be updated to ensure the reuse of all components.This approach lifts the recycling process to develop an economic one besides the geostrategic and environmental policy aspects.Here,we summarize the importance of graphite and its demand and specify the reasons to recycle the graphite from spent LIbs along with its development as an anode in detail.Additionally,the approach of the current recycling process of graphite in lab-scale and industries for various applications,including energy storage,are discussed with the highlights of future progress.

关键词： recycling Lithium-ion batteries Graphite Anode Capacitor

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Self-assembled multifunctional nanotheranostics against circulating tumor clusters in metastatic breast cancer

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2023年第4期13卷 1711-1725页

作者： ramya Dhandapani Swaminathan Sethuraman Uma Maheswari Krishnan Anuradha subramanian Centre for Nanotechnology&Advanced biomaterials School of Chemical&BiotechnologySASTRA Deemed UniversityThanjavur 613401India

Circulating tumor clusters(CTC)disseminating from the primary tumor are responsible for secondary tumor formation where the conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy does not prevent the metastasis at locally advanced stage of breast cancer.In this study,a smart nanotheranostic system has been developed to track and eliminate the CTCs before it can colonize at a new site,which would reduce metastatic progression and increase the five-year survival rate of the breast cancer patients.Targeted multiresponsive(magnetic hyperthermia and pH)nanomicelles incorporated with NIr fluorescent superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were developed based on self-assembly for dual modal imaging and dual toxicity for spontaneous killing of CTCs in blood stream.A heterogenous tumor clusters model was developed to mimic the CTCs isolated from breast cancer patients.The nanotheranostic system was further evaluated for the targeting property,drug release kinetics,hyperthermia and cytotoxicity against developed CTC model in vitro.In vivo model in bALb/c mice equivalent to stageⅢandⅣhuman metastatic breast cancer was developed to evaluate the biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of micellar nanotheranostic system.reduced CTCs in blood stream and low distant organ metastasis after treatment with the nanotheranostic system demonstrates its potential to capture and kill the CTCs that minimize the secondary tumor formation at distant sites.

关键词： Self-assembly Hybrid nanotheranostic system Circulating tumor clusters Advanced breast cancer Cancer stem cells Heterogenous clusters SPIONs NIr Metastasis CD44

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Prevalence and distribution of Tomato leaf curl virusin major agroclimatic zones of Gujarat

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Advances in bioscience and biotechnology 2014年第1期5卷 1-3页

作者： M. Shelat S. Murari M. C. Sharma r. b. subramanian J. Jummanah b. Jarullah brD School of biosciences Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar India Department of biotechnology Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya Gandhinagar India King Fahd Medical research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah KSA

A study was conducted to establish the prevalence and severity of Tomato leaf curl viral disease in the major agroclimatic tomato cultivating regions of Gujarat. Districts of Gandhinagar, Kheda, Mehsana, Panchmahal and rajkot of Gujarat were surveyed. The survey aimed at assessing types of symptoms, severity and yield loss in the tomato plants. results obtained indicate vast spread of Tomato leaf curl virus in majority of the tomato fields in Gujarat. The maximum infection was observed in the Kheda district with almost complete crop loss followed by Mehasna and Gandhinagar districts showing high prevalence of infection. Influence of the climatic conditions and cultural practices were observed on the level of infection.

关键词： Field Survey Geographical Distribution TLCV Yield Loss

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Mechanism of Niacin Induced Hot Flushes and Suppression of Cholesterol

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Journal of biosciences and Medicines 2023年第5期11卷 233-238页

作者： Thirugnana subramanian Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis USA

Niacin or nicotinic acid is a form of b3 vitamin prescribed at higher concentrations for the suppression of cholesterol levels. Supplemental doses may cause very little or no side effects. However, higher concentrations of niacin cause hot flushes for most people. Here we propose a biochemical mechanism of niacin induced hot flushes. Orally taken prescription doses of niacin are converted to NAD with the liberation of excess pyrophosphate which in turn releases energy in the form of heat (hot flushes through capsaicin receptor) by the action of pyrophosphatases. The excess pyrophosphate may suppress cholesterol biosynthesis through feedback mechanism. The pathways of NAD and cholesterol biosynthesis were discussed with refence to the production and function of pyrophosphate.

关键词： Cholesterol biosynthesis NAD Niacin Niacinamide Pyrophosphate

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