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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 905-916页

作者： Lijie Yang Xiangfang Zeng shiyan qiao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityYuanmingyuan West Road 2Haidian DistrictBeijingChina Beijing Biofeed Additives Key Laboratory BeijingChina

With sustainable development of biotechnology,increasing attention has been placed on utilization of solid-state fermented feed(SFF).Solid-state fermented feed has been a candidate strategy to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of feed resources,ensure food hygiene safety,promoting energy conservation,and emission *** production of SFF,a variety of organic acids,enzymes,vitamins,peptides,and other unknown growth factors are produced,which could affect performance of ***-state fermented feed produced by different fermentation techniques has great instability on different physiological stages of different animals,which hinders the application and standardized production of ***,we summarize the current advances in the role of the characteristics of SFF prepared by different manufacturing technique and its research progress in animal experiments on growth performance,gastrointestinal ecology,and immune system,so as to provide references for further acquiring a relatively perfect set of SFF production and evaluation systems.

关键词： Solid-state fermented feed Manufacturing technique Growth performance Gastrointestinal ecology Immune system

Novel metabolic and physiological functions of branched chain amino acids: a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 501-512页

作者： Shihai Zhang Xiangfang Zeng Man Ren Xiangbing Mao shiyan qiao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University College of Animal Science Anhui Science & Technology University Animal Nutrition Institute Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance NutritionMinistry of Education Sichuan Agricultural University

It is widely known that branched chain amino acids（BCAA） are not only elementary components for building muscle tissue but also participate in increasing protein synthesis in animals and humans. BCAA（isoleucine, leucine and valine） regulate many key signaling pathways, the most classic of which is the activation of the m TOR signaling pathway. This signaling pathway connects many diverse physiological and metabolic roles. Recent years have witnessed many striking developments in determining the novel functions of BCAA including：（1） Insufficient or excessive levels of BCAA in the diet enhances lipolysis.（2） BCAA, especially isoleucine, play a major role in enhancing glucose consumption and utilization by up-regulating intestinal and muscular glucose transporters.（3）Supplementation of leucine in the diet enhances meat quality in finishing pigs.（4） BCAA are beneficial for mammary health, milk quality and embryo growth.（5） BCAA enhance intestinal development, intestinal amino acid transportation and mucin production.（6） BCAA participate in up-regulating innate and adaptive immune *** addition, abnormally elevated BCAA levels in the blood（decreased BCAA catabolism） are a good biomarker for the early detection of obesity, diabetes and other metabolic diseases. This review will provide some insights into these novel metabolic and physiological functions of BCAA.

关键词： Amino acid transporters Glucose transporters Gut health Immunity Lipolysis Mammary health Meat quality Milk production

Study and use of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri in pigs:a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第1期7卷 26-33页

作者： Chengli Hou Xiangfang Zeng Fengjuan Yang Hong Liu shiyan qiao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition China Agricultural University

Probiotics are living microorganisms that provide a wide variety of health benefits to the host when ingested in adequate amounts. The bacterial strains most frequently used as probiotic agents are lactic acid bacteria, such as Loctobocillus reuteri, which is one of the few endogenous Lactobadllus species found in the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates, including humans, rats, pigs and chickens. L. reuteri is one of the most well documented probiotic species and has been widely utilized as a probiotic in humans and animals for many years. Initially, L. reuteri was used in humans to reduce the incidence and the severity of diarrhea, prevent colic and necrotic enterocolitis, and maintain a functional mucosal barrier. As interest in alternatives to in-feed antibiotics has grown in recent years, some evidence has emerged that probiotics may promote growth, improve the efficiency of feed utilization, prevent diarrhea, and regulate the immune system in pigs. In this review, the characteristics of L. reuteri are described, in order to update the evidence on the efficacy of using L. reuteri in pigs.

关键词： Antibiotics Application Loctobocillus reuteri Pigs Probiotics

Different dietary starch patterns in lowprotein diets:effect on nitrogen efficiency,nutrient metabolism,and intestinal flora in growing pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1557-1575页

作者： Junyan Zhou Lu Wang Lijie Yang Guangxin Yang Xiangfang Zeng shiyan qiao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193People’s Republic of China Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory Beijing 100193People’s Republic of China

Background:Protein releases amino acids faster than starch releases glucose in digestive tract of pigs fed lowprotein(LP)*** synchronization of dietary glucose and amino acids supply leads to compromised nitrogen *** starch patterns modulation may improve this ***:Growing barrows(29.7±2.0 kg)were randomly allotted into 5 dietary treatments with LP diets consisting of different purified *** included:waxy corn starch(W LP),corn starch+waxy corn starch(C+W LP),corn starch(C LP),pea starch+waxy corn starch(P+W LP)and pea starch(P LP).In the experiment,growth performance,protein deposition,nutrient metabolism,and fecal microbial community of pigs were *** vitro starch digestion was used for predicting the in vivo glucose ***:Dietary starch in vitro glucose release profile was determined by starch source and the ratio of amylopectin and amylose.C+W LP treatment showed decreased total nitrogen excretion and plasma citrulline concentration and improved plasma leptin concentration among treatments(P<0.05).Besides,the highest nitrogen apparent biological value,whole-body protein deposition and growth performance and lowest urinary nitrogen excretion were also observed in C+W LP *** with the other groups,C+W LP and C LP showed increased plasma pyruvate,IGF-1,and lipase concentrations(P<0.05).The W LP group presented dramatically increased plasma alanine and urea nitrogen concentration and decreased aldolase and leptin concentrations(P<0.05).Dietary starch patterns did not make an impact on bacterial richness and diversity,but changed the taxonomic and functional structures of the microbial *** protein fermentation product(isobutyrate and isovalerate)presented increased in P LP treatments compared with the other treatments(P<0.05).Conclusions:Dietary starch patterns modulation can regulate dietary glucose release profile,nutrient metabolism,protein turnover,and fecal mi

关键词： Intestinal flora Low-protein diet Nitrogen efficiency Nutrient metabolism Starch patterns

Advances in low-protein diets for swine

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 769-782页

作者： Yuming Wang Junyan Zhou Gang Wang Shuang Cai Xiangfang Zeng shiyan qiao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive China Agricultural University

Recent years have witnessed the great advantages of reducing dietary crude protein(CP) with free amino acids(AA)supplementation for sustainable swine industry, including saving protein ingredients, reducing nitrogen excretion, feed costs and the risk of gut disorders without impairing growth performance compared to traditional diets. However, a tendency toward increased fatness is a matter of concern when pigs are fed low-protein(LP) diets. In response, the use of the net energy system and balanced AA for formulation of LP diets has been proposed as a solution. Moreover, the extent to which dietary CP can be reduced is complicated. Meanwhile, the requirements for the first five limiting AA(lysine, threonine, sulfur-containing AA, tryptophan, and valine) that growing-finishing pigs fed LP diets were higher than pigs fed traditional diets, because the need for nitrogen for endogenous synthesis of non-essential AA to support protein synthesis may be increased when dietary CP is lowered. Overall, to address these concerns and give a better understanding of this nutritional strategy, this paper reviews recent advances in the study of LP diets for swine and provides some insights into future research directions.

关键词： Amino acid Crude protein Growth performance Gut health Net energy Nutrient balance Pig

Leucine Supplementation in a Chronically Protein-Restricted Diet Enhances Muscle Weight and Postprandial Protein Synthesis of Skeletal Muscle by Promoting the mTOR Pathway in Adult Rats

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Engineering 2017年第5期3卷 760-765页

作者： Bo Zhang Licui Chu Hong Liu Chunyuan Xie shiyan qiao Xiangfang Zeng Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193 China State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China

Low protein intake causes a decrease in protein deposition in most animal tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether leucine supplementation would increase the synthesis rate of protein and muscle weight in adult rats, which chronically consume only 58.8% of their protein requirements. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of three dietary treatments including a 20% casein diet （CON）, a 10% casein ＋ 0.44% alanine diet （R）, and a 10% casein ＋ 0.87% leucine diet （RL）. After a 10 d dietary treatment, plasma amino acid levels were measured after feeding, the gastrocnemius muscles and soleus muscles were harvested and weighed, and the fractional synthesis rate （FSR） and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling proteins in skeletal muscle were measured. Regarding the plasma amino acid level, the RL group had the highest concentration of leucine （P 〈 0.05） and the lowest concentration of isoleucine （P 〈 0.05） among the three groups, and the CON group had a lower concentration of valine （P 〈 0.05） than the R and RL groups. Compared with the R and RE groups, the CON group diet significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） feed intake, protein synthesis rate, and the phosphorylation of eukaryutic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 （4E-BP1）, and decreased the weight of abdominal adipose. Compared with the R group, the RL group significantly increased in gastrocnemius muscle weight, protein synthesis rate, and phosphorylation of both ribosomal protein $6 kinase 1 （56K1） and 4E-BP1. In conclusion, when protein is chronically restricted in adult rat diets, leucine supplementation moderately improves body weight gain and increases muscle protein synthesis through mTOR activation,

关键词： Low-protein diet Leucine Growth performance Muscle weight Protein synthesis Adult rats

Dietary crude protein time-dependently modulates the bacterial community and metabolites and changes dietary nutrient efficiency in growing pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 1-10页

作者： Yuming Wang Junyan Zhou Ning Cao Lu Wang Jiayu Tu Xiangfang Zeng shiyan qiao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Animal Science and Technology College Beijing University of Agriculture State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry CentreChina Agricultural University

The reduced nutrient digestibility of low-protein(LP) diets has been shown to be caused by the weakened fermentative capacity of the post-gut flora. The dynamic regulation of dietary protein contents on post-gut microbial population and fermentative metabolism is unclear. Twelve growing barrows(19.9 ± 0.8 kg) fitted with a T-cannula at the blind end of the cecum were randomly administered a highprotein(HP, 21.5% crude protein [CP]) diet or an LP(15.5% CP) diet for 28 d. The cecal content and feces were collected at d 1, 14, and 28 of the experiment for microflora structures and metabolite concentrations analysis. The nutrient digestibility coefficient and plasma biochemical parameters were also determined. Compared with the HP treatment, the LP treatment showed decreased plasma urea nitrogen concentration and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, and CP(P < 0.01). In addition, urinary nitrogen losses, total nitrogen losses, and daily nitrogen retention in the LP treatment were lower than those in the HP treatment(P < 0.01), and the nitrogen retention-to-nitrogen intake ratio in the LP treatment was increased(P < 0.01). The HP group showed increased cecal total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) concentration and fecal propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA concentrations(P < 0.05) on d 14 and 28, which may be mainly related to the elevated abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella(P < 0.05). Probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium, Bacteroidales S24-7, and Rikenella, enriched in the LP treatment possibly contributed to reduced plasma endotoxin content. The differences in the abundances of almost all the above-mentioned flora appeared on d 28 but not d 14. Likewise, differences in the Simpson and Shannon indices and clustering patterns of the microbiota between treatments were also only observed on d 28. To sum up, in a time-dependent manner, the LP diet increased probiotics with gut-improving functions a

关键词： Low-protein diet Microorganism Nutrient digestibility Pig Short-chain fatty acid

Dietary modulation of endogenous host defense peptide synthesis as an alternative approach to in-feed antibiotics

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 160-169页

作者： Kelsy Robinson Xi Ma Yulan Liu shiyan qiao Yongqing Hou Guolong Zhang Department of Animal Science Oklahoma State University State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural University Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceWuhan Polytechnic University

Traditionally, antibiotics are included in animal feed at subtherapeutic levels for growth promotion and disease ***, recent links between in-feed antibiotics and a rise in antibiotic-resistant pathogens have led to a ban of all antibiotics in livestock production by the European Union in January 2006 and a removal of medically important antibiotics in animal feeds in the United States in January *** urgent need arises for antibiotic alternatives capable of maintaining animal health and productivity without triggering antimicrobial *** defense peptides(HDP) are a critical component of the animal innate immune system with direct antimicrobial and immunomodulatory *** in-feed supplementation of recombinant or synthetic HDP appears to be effective in maintaining animal performance and alleviating clinical symptoms in the context of disease, dietary modulation of the synthesis of endogenous host defense peptides has emerged as a cost-effective,antibiotic-alternative approach to disease control and *** different classes of smallmolecule compounds have been found capable of promoting HDP *** the most efficacious compounds are butyrate and vitamin ***, butyrate and vitamin D synergize with each other in enhancing HDP *** review will focus on the regulation of HDP synthesis by butyrate and vitamin D in humans, chickens, pigs, and cattle and argue for potential application of HDP-inducing compounds in antibiotic-free livestock production.

关键词： Host defense peptides Antibiotic alternatives Butyrate Vitamin D Antibiotics

Effectiveness and safety evaluation of graded levels of N-carbamylglutamate in growing-finishing pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 412-418页

作者： Chunping Wang Lijun Shang Qiuping Guo Yehui Duan Mengmeng Han Fengna Li Yulong Yin shiyan qiao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry CentreChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory Beijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 100045China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China

The aim of this study was as follows:1)to investigate the effects of graded levels of N-carbamylglutamate(NCG)on performance,blood biochemical indexes,carcass traits and related indicators in growingfinishing pigs,and 2)to determine the optimal supplemental *** toxicity of high-dose(much higher than recommended levels)NCG was assessed by routine blood tests and blood biochemical and histopathologic examinations of the heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney and *** hundred and forty-four growing-finishing pigs(DurocLarge WhiteLandrace,32.24±1.03 kg)were used in a 74-d experiment and each treatment was replicated 6 times with 4 pigs(2 barrows and 2 gilts)per *** dietary treatments were a corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with 0%(control),0.05%,0.1%,0.15%,0.2%or 1%*** first 5 groups were used to explore the optimal supplemental level of NCG,while the control,0.1%and 1%NCG groups were used to explore the safety of high-dose *** with the normal control group,the final body weight and average daily gain tended to be higher in the 0.1%group(P=0.08),the lean percentage tended to be higher in the 0.05%group(P=0.07),the levels of free amino acids in the blood significantly increased in the 0.1%group(P<0.05),both 0.1%and 0.15%NCG supplementation increased the levels of nitric oxide(NO)in serum(P=0.07)and muscle growth-and lipid metabolism-related gene expression(P<0.05)and NCG supplementation improved C18:1N9C monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)in a dose-dependent manner(P=0.08).In addition,routine blood tests,blood biochemical indexes and histopathological examination revealed no ***,increasing the levels of NCG did not linearly improve the above indicators;the 0.1%dose showed the best effect,and a high dose(1%)did not pose a toxicity risk.

关键词： N-carbamylglutamate Growth performance Meat quality Effectiveness Safety

UCHL1 promotes the proliferation of porcine granulosa cells by stabilizing CCNB1

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1894-1907页

作者： Shengjie Shi Huan Yuan Lutong Zhang Lei Gao Lili Zhao Xiangfang Zeng shiyan qiao Guiyan Chu Chuanjiang Cai College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry CenterChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Background The proliferation of porcine ovarian granulosa cells(GCs)is essential to follicular development and the ubiquitin–proteasome system is necessary for maintaining cell cycle *** studies found that the deubiquitinase ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1(UCHL1)regulates female reproduction,especially in ovarian ***,the mechanism by which UCHL1 regulates porcine GC proliferation remains *** UCHL1 overexpression promoted GC proliferation,and knockdown had the opposite ***1 is directly bound to cyclin B1(CCNB1),prolonging the half-life of CCNB1 and inhibiting its degradation,thereby promoting GC ***'s more,a flavonoid compound-isovitexin improved the enzyme activity of UCHL1 and promoted the proliferation of porcine *** UCHL1 promoted the proliferation of porcine GCs by stabilizing CCNB1,and isovitexin enhanced the enzyme activity of *** findings reveal the role of UCHL1 and the potential of isovitexin in regulating proliferation and provide insights into identifying molecular markers and nutrients that affect follicle development.

关键词： CCNB1 Granulosa cells Isovitexin Proliferation UCHL1