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Biophysics inspired artificial intelligence for colorectal cancer characterization

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology 2021年第3期2卷 77-84页

作者： Niall p Hardy Jeffrey Dalli pól mac Aonghusa peter m Neary Ronan A Cahill UCD Centre for precision Surgery Dublin 7 D07 Y9AWIreland IBm Research IBM Research IrelandDublin 15 D15 HN66Ireland Department of Surgery University Hospital WaterfordUniversity College CorkWaterford X91 ER8EIreland Department of Surgery Mater Misericordiae University Hospital(MMUH)Dublin 7Ireland

Over the last ten years artificial intelligence(AI)methods have begun to pervade even the most common everyday tasks such as email filtering and mobile *** the necessary quality and safety standards may have understandably slowed the introduction of AI to healthcare when compared with other industries,we are now beginning to see AI methods becoming more available to the clinician in select *** this paper we discuss current AI methods as they pertain to gastrointestinal procedures including both gastroenterology and gastrointestinal *** current state of the art for polyp detection in gastroenterology is explored with a particular focus on deep leaning,its strengths,as well as some of the factors that may limit its application to the field of *** use of biophysics(utilizing physics to study and explain biological phenomena)in combination with more traditional machine learning is also discussed and proposed as an alternative approach that may solve some of the challenges associated with deep *** and present uses of biophysics inspired AI methods,such as the use of fluorescence guided surgery to aid in the characterization of colorectal lesions,are used to illustrate the role biophysicsinspired AI can play in the exciting future of the gastrointestinal proceduralist.

关键词： Gastroenterology Artificial intelligence Gastrointestinal surgery Deep learning Biophysics machine learning

Taxonomic status of grey-headed Yellow Wagtails breeding in western China

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 534-543页

作者： Alexander Hellquist Fredrik Friberg petter Haldén peter Schmidt ming ma Gou Jun Urban Olsson per Alström Fatburs kvarngata 17 11864 StockholmSweden Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.818 Beijing RoadUrumqi 830011XinjiangChina Xinjiang Birdwatching Society 311 Nongda East RoadUrumqi 830091XinjiangChina Systematics and Bio-diversity Department of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre GothenburgSweden Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18D75236 UppsalaSweden Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Edeby 9 74191 KnivstaSweden Lenabergsvägen 33 74392 VattholmaSweden Tallmovägen 9 75645 UppsalaSweden

Background:Field studies from 2011 onwards have demonstrated the presence of a breeding population of Yellow Wagtails(motacilla flava)in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China that is phenotypically distinct from known subspecies occurring in *** we describe the plumages and vocalisations of this population and discuss its taxonomic ***:The analysis of plumage is based on field studies and photos available *** of vocalisations are compared with recordings from other Yellow Wagtail populations,and differences are analysed based on *** DNA from one individual is compared to other Yellow Wagtail ***:Unlike *** subspecies breeding in or near Xinjiang,males in the studied population show a blue-grey head without prominent white supercilium,being most similar to the widely disjunct *** differ from the similarly widely allopatric ***,which might occur as a migrant or vagrant in Xinjiang,by on average cleaner yellow breast and more extensive white on the throat,and from the widely disjunct *** and ***,which might also occur on migration in that area,by softer contact calls and slower pace of *** are similar to female *** in *** mitochondrial ND2 tree shows the single sample from Xinjiang to be nested in the clade of western Yellow Wagtail ***:We discuss whether the Xinjiang breeding population could represent an intergrade between subspecies breeding nearby,or whether it is better regarded as a separate as yet unrecognized *** argue that the localization of its apparent range in relation to other subspecies along with fairly consistent male and female plumages suggest that it is more likely to represent an undescribed taxon,but conclude that more research is needed to firmly establish its status.

关键词： Bioacoustics mitochondrial DNA morphology motacilla flava Systematics Undescribed populations

Functional relationship between ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea populations in the secondary treatment system of a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第12期31卷 120-130页

作者： Golam mIslam peter Vi Kimberley Ann Gilbride Department of Chemistry and Biology Ryerson University350 Victoria StreetTorontoOntario M5B 2K3Canada Ryerson Urban Water Ryerson University350 Victoria StreetTorontoOntario M5B 2K3Canada

The abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea and their amo A genes from the aerobic activated sludge tanks,recycled sludge and anaerobic digesters of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant(WWTp)was *** chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were used to generate diversity profiles,which showed that each population had a consistent profile although the abundance of individual members *** the aerobic tanks,the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial(AOB)population was more than 350 times more abundant than the ammonia-oxidizing archaeal(AOA)population,however in the digesters,the AOA population was more than 10 times more *** the activity of the amo A gene expression of the two populations using RT-pCR also showed that the AOA amo A gene was more active in the digesters than in the activated sludge *** batch reactors and dd pCR,amo A activity could be measured and it was found that when the AOB amo A activity was inhibited in the anoxic reactors,the expression of the AOA amo A gene increased *** suggests that these two populations may have a cooperative relationship for the oxidation of ammonia.

关键词： Wastewater treatment Topic:Ammonia-oxidation Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) Ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) pCR Digital droplet polymerase chain reaction(ddpCR)

Theoretical investigations of electrical transport properties in CoSb3 skutterudites under hydrostatic loadings

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Rare metals 2018年第4期37卷 316-325页

作者： Chongze Hu peter Ni Li Zhan Huijuan Zhao Jian He Terry m. Tritt Jingsong Huang Bobby G. Sumpter Department of mechanical Engineering Clemson UniversityClemson SC 29634 USA Department of mechanical Engineering University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis MN 55455 USA montgomery High School Skillman NJ 08558 USA Department of physics and Astronomy Clemson UniversityClemson SC 29634 USA Center for Nanophase materials Sciences and ComputationalSciences and Engineering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA

CoSb3-based mark mid-temperature skutterudites have been a benchthermoelectric material under intensive experimental and theoretical studies for decades. Doping and filling, to the first order, alter the crystal lattice constant of CoSb3 in the context of ＂chemical pressure.＂ In this work, we employed ab initio density functional theory in conjunction with semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory to investigate the mechanical properties and especially how hydrostatic loadings, i.e., ＂physical pressure,＂ impact the electronic band structure, Seebeck coefficient, and power factor of pristine CoSb3. It is found that hydrostatic pressure enlarges the band gap, suppresses the density of states （DOS） near the valence band edge, and fosters the band convergence between the valley bands and the conduction band minimum （CBm）. By contrast, hydrostatic tensile reduces the band gap, increases the DOS near the valence band edge, and diminishes the valley bands near the CBm. Therefore, applying hydrostatic pressure provides an alternative avenue for achieving band convergence to improve thermoelectric properties of N-type CoSb3, which is further supported by our carrier concentration studies. These results provide valuable insight into the further improvement of thermoelectric performance of CoSb3-based skutterudites via a synergy of physical and chemical pressures.

关键词： CoSb3 skutterudite Hydrostatic loadingsmechanical properties Electronic structure Seebeckcoefficient Thermoelectrics

Low dose oral haloperidol does not prolong QTc interval in older acutely hospitalised adults： a subanalysis of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2018年第6期15卷 401-407页

作者： Edmee Jm Schrijver maaike Verstraaten peter m van de Ven pierre m Bet Astrid m van Strien Carel de Cock prabath WB Nanayakkara on behalf of all HARpOON Investigators Department of Internal medicine VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam the Netherlands Department of Cardiology VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam the Netherlands Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics VU University Medical Centre the Netherlands Department of Clinical pharmacology and pharmacy VU University Medical Centre the Netherlands Department of Geriatric medicine Jeroen Bosch Hospital s-Hertogenbosch the Netherlands

Background Haloperidol is the most frequently prescribed antipsycbotic for delirium symptoms. The risk of QTc prolongation often raises concerns, although the effect of haloperidol on QTc interval has not yet been investigated in a randomised placebo-controlled fixed-dose study. methods A subanalysis of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effect of prophylactic haloperidol 1 mg or placebo 1 mg orally twice-daily （maximum of 14 doses） on QTc interval in patients aged 70 years and over. Bedside, 12-lead ECGs were recorded before, during and after the one-week intervention period. Automatic QTc measurements were ob- tained in addition to manual measurements of QT and RR intervals, blinded for treatment status. manual measurements were corrected （QTc） using Bazett （QTc-B）, Framingham （QTc-Fa）, Fridericia （QTc-Fi） and Hodges （QTc-H） methods. mixed model analyses were used to test for differences in longitudinal course of QTc between patients receiving haloperidol and placebo. Results ECG recordings of 72 patients （haloperidol n = 38） were analysed, 45.8% male. median （range） haloperidol serum concentration on day 4 was 0.71 （0.32-1.82） μg/L （n = 23）. Longitudinal course of mean QTc did not significantly differ between treatment arms for any of the automatic or manually derived QTc values. Conclusions Low dose oral haloperidol did not result in QTc prolongation in older acutely hospitalised patients. Results may not be generalizable to patients with existing ECG abnormalities such as atrial fibrillation.

关键词： Haloperidol prolongation QTc interval The aged

Drug treatment of functional dyspepsia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第17期12卷 2694-2700页

作者： Klaus mnkemüller peter malfertheiner Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Otto-von-Guericke Medical SchoolUniversity of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany

Symptomatic improvement of patients with functional dyspepsia after drug therapy is often incomplete and obtained in not more than 60% of patients. This is likely because functional dyspepsia is a heterogeneous disease. Although great advance has been achieved with the consensus definitions of the Rome I and II criteria, there are still some aspects about the definition of functional dyspepsia that require clarification. The Rome criteria explicitly recognise that epigastric pain or discomfort must be the predominant complaint in patients labelled as suffering from functional dyspepsia. However, this strict definition can create problems in the daily primary care clinical practice, where the patient with functional dyspepsia presents with multiple symptoms. Before starting drug therapy it is recommended to provide the patient with an explanation of the disease process and reassurance. A thorough physical examination and judicious use of laboratory data and endoscopy are also indicated. In general, the approach to treat patients with functional dyspepsia based on their main symptom is practical and effective. Generally, patients should be treated with acid suppressive therapy using proton-pump inhibitors if the predominant symptoms are epigastric pain or gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Although the role of Helicobacter pylori （H pylon） in functional dyspepsia continues to be a matter of debate, recent data indicate that there is modest but clear benefit of eradication of H pylori in patients with functional dyspepsia. In addition, H pylori is a gastric carcinogen and if found it should be eliminated. Although there are no specific diets for patients with FD, it may be helpful to guide the patients on healthy exercise and eating habits.

关键词： Functional dyspepsia Drug treatment Helicobacterpylori predominant symptoms

Difference in grading parameters in architectural schools and its impact on the competency rating of future professionals

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2015年第3期4卷 230-236页

作者： Oluwole A. Alagbe Adedapo Adewunmi Oluwatayo peter A. Aderonmu Gbenga m. Alalade Department of Architecture Covenant University Ota Ogun State Nigeria

Architectural education in Nigeria is divided into at wo-tier training system of four and two years for undergraduate and postgraduate study, respectively. After the completion of postgraduate study, a student is deemed competent to take the professional practice examination. Success in this examination qualifies a student to be registered as an architect. The competency rating of future professionals in architectural schools in Nigeria is determined through a jury system of scoring based on predetermined grading parameters. However, the grading parameters adopted by assessing authorities （academic professors and practitioners representing the professional body） differ. The difference in the grading parameters employed by the two approved assessing authorities in Nigeria was investigated in this study. Covenant University in Nigeria was used as a case study. The grading parameters and scores for the 2013 academic session were compared to determine similarities and differences, which might have affected the competency rating of students. Descriptive statistics was employed to analyze the data obtained. Results showed a significant difference in scoring by the two authorities. This difference had a significant consequence on the competency rating of students.

关键词： Architectural education Competency rating Creative work Jury system Nigeria

An overview of the latest developments in facial imaging

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Forensic Sciences Research 2019年第1期4卷 10-28页

作者： Carl N.Stephan Jodi m.Caple pierre Guyomarc'h peter Claes Laboratory for Human Craniofacial and Skeletal Identification(HuCS-ID Lab) School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia Unite mixte de Recherche(UmR)5199 De la préhistoireàl'Actuel:Culture Environnement et Anthropologie(PACEA)Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication(MCC)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)Universitéde BordeauxPessacFrance Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering(ESAT)/Processing of Speech and Images(PSI)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium medical Imaging Research Center(mIRC) Universitair ZiekenhuisLeuvenBelgium

Facial imaging is a term used to describe methods that use facial images to assist or facili-tate human identification. This pertains to two craniofacial identification procedures that use skulls and faces—facial approximation and photographic superimposition—as well as face-only methods for age progression/regression, the construction of facial graphics from eye-witness memory (including composites and artistic sketches), facial depiction, face mapping and newly emerging methods of molecular photofitting. Given the breadth of these facial imaging techniques, it is not surprising that a broad array of subject-matter experts partici-pate in and/or contribute to the formulation and implementation of these methods (includ-ing forensic odontologists, forensic artists, police officers, electrical engineers, anatomists, geneticists, medical image specialists, psychologists, computer graphic programmers and software developers). As they are concerned with the physical characteristics of humans, each of these facial imaging areas also falls in the domain of physical anthropology, although not all of them have been traditionally regarded as such. This too offers useful opportunities to adapt established methods in one domain to others more traditionally held to be disciplines within physical anthropology (e.g. facial approximation, craniofacial super-imposition and face photo-comparison). It is important to note that most facial imaging methods are not currently used for identification but serve to assist authorities in narrowing or directing investigations such that other, more potent, methods of identification can be used (e.g. DNA). Few, if any, facial imaging approaches can be considered honed end-stage scientific methods, with major opportunities for physical anthropologists to make meaningful contributions. Some facial imaging methods have considerably stronger scientific underpin-nings than others (e.g. facial approximation versus face mapping), some currently lie ent

关键词： Forensic anthropology craniofacial identification facial approximation photographic superimpos-ition facial depiction age progression facial composites molecular photofitting

Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in a patient with dermatomyositis

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第11期13卷 927-929页

作者： peter Carlo m Nierras Aida p maranian ming-Shien Wen Chung-Chuan Chou Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Taiwan China Section of Cardiology Department of Medicine Philippine General Hospital Manila Philippines Section of Cardiology Department of Medicine Southern Philippines Medical Center Davao City Philippines Chang Gung University College of medicine Taoyuan Taiwan China

A 51-year old male who presented at our hospital for recurrent palpitation for several months was diagnosed dermatomyositis ten years ago and had interstitial lung disease since two years ago. Recently, he was admitte... 详细信息

关键词： Dermatomyositis Radiofrequency ablation Ventricular tachycardia