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Omeprazole induces gastric transmucosal permeability to the peptide bradykinin

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第9期16卷 1097-1103页

作者： melissa Gabello mary Carmen Valenzano E peter Zurbach James m mullin Lankenau Institute for medical Research 100 Lancaster AvenueWynnewoodPA 19096United States Department of Biology Saint Joseph's University5600 City AvenuePhiladelphiaPA 19131United States Department of Chemistry Saint Joseph's University5600 City AvenuePhiladelphiaPA 19131United States Division of Gastroenterology Lankenau Hospital100 Lancaster AvenueWynnewoodPA 19096United States

AIm:To investigate omeprazole-induced transepithelial gastric leak and its effects on the permeability of the peptides bradykinin and ***:Rat gastric corpus tissue was isolated and mounted in an Ussing chamber apparatus to evaluate the permeability of 3H-bradykinin,3H-oxytocin,and 14CEDTA in the presence or absence of *** chromatography was performed to identify any metabolic breakdown products of the peptides resulting from permeation through the gastric tissue,and thereby calculate the true flux of the ***:The flux rate ofintact 3H-bradykinin increased substantially after omeprazole addition (109.5%) compared to the DmSO vehicle control (14%).No corresponding change in flux ofintact 3H-oxytocin was observed under the same conditions (11.9% and 6.4% in the DmSO-and omeprazole-treated conditions,respectively).After exposure to omeprazole,the flux rate of 14C-EDTA also increased dramatically (122.3%) compared to the DmSO condition (36.3%).CONCLUSION:The omeprazole-induced gastric leak allows for transmucosal permeability to charged molecules as well as *** induced leak will allow certain peptides to permeate.

关键词： Proton pump inhibitor Paracellular Drug delivery Tight junction Transepithelial

Solvent Extraction Developments in Southern Africa

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第2期11卷 153-159页

作者： peter m. Cole Kathryn C. Sole Angus m. Feather matomo Projects (Pty) Ltd. Johannesburg South Africa Anglo American Research Laboratories Johannesburg South Africa Cognis Corporation Johannesburg South Africa

The largest solvent-extraction plant in the world at the time, the Nchanga Copper Operation, was in Zambia. The first commercial process using solvent extraction for the refining of the platinum-group metals was in South Africa. more recently, the Southern African region has seen the implementation of solvent extraction for other base metals, precious metals, and specialty metals. These include the world firsts of primary production of zinc at Skorpion Zinc in Namibia and the large-scale refining of gold by Harmony Gold in South Africa. Several other flowsheets that use solvent-extraction technology are currently under commissioning, development, or feasibility study for implementation in this part of the world, including those for the recovery of copper, cobalt, nickel, tantalum, and niobium.

关键词： solvent extraction zinc recovery gold refining copper cobalt nickel

Association between dairy intake,lipids and vascular structure and function in diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第5期8卷 202-212页

作者： Kristina S petersen Jennifer B Keogh Natalie Lister Jacquelyn m Weir peter J meikle peter m Clifton School of Pharmacy and medical Sciences and Sansom Institute for Health Research University of South Australia Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute

AIm To determine lipid species that change in response to a change in dairy consumption. In addition, to investigate whether dairy associated lipid species are correlated with changes in measures of vascular structure and *** A 12-mo randomised controlled trial was conducted to determine the effect of increased consumption of fruit, vegetables and dairy, compared to usual diet, on measures of vascular structure and function in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes(n = 108). Thispaper comprises post-hoc analyses investigating the relationship between dairy intake, serum lipid species and vascular health. Central and peripheral blood pressure, carotid femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, serum lipid species and dietary intake were measured at baseline and 3-mo. Common carotid artery intima media thickness was measured at baseline and *** Serum lipid species [lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC) 14:0, LPC 15:0, LPC 16:1, phosphatidylcholine(PC) 29:0 PC 30:0, PC 31:0 and cholesterol ester(CE) 14:0] were associated with the change in full fat dairy consumption(rho 0.19-0.25; P mo change in some lipids was positively associated with the 3-mo change in central systolic [LPC 14:0(rho 0.30; P = 0.007), PC 30:0(rho 0.28; P = 0.010)] and diastolic blood pressure [LPC 14:0(rho 0.32; P = 0.004), LPC 15:0(rho 0.23; P = 0.04), LPC 16:1(rho 0.23; P = 0.035), PC 29:0(rho 0.28; P = 0.01), PC 30:0(rho 0.36; P = 0.001), PC 31:0(rho 0.30; P = 0.007)] and 12-mo change in common carotid artery intimal medial thickness [CE 14:0(rho 0.22; P = 0.02)]. Pulse wave velocity and augmentation index were unrelated to dairy and lipid *** An increase in dairy associated lipids appears to be associated with an increase in blood pressure and common carotid intimal medial thickness.

关键词： Lipids Phospholipids Atherosclerosis Dairy Lysophosphatidylcholine Lipidomics Carotid intima media thickness Pulse wave velocity Diabetes

Phytochrome Signaling in Green Arabidopsis Seedlings： Impact Assessment of a mutually Negative phyB-PIF Feedback Loop

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molecular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 734-749页

作者： Pablo Leivar Elena monte megan m. Cohn peter H. Quail Department of Plant and microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA United States Department of Agriculture Plant Gene Expression Center Albany CA 94710 USA Department of molecular Genetics Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics （CRAG） CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Campus UAB Bellaterra （Cerdanyola del Valles） 08193 Barcelona Spain

The reversibly red （R）/far-red （FR）-Iight-responsive phytochrome （phy） photosensory system initiates both the deetiolation process in dark-germinated seedlings upon first exposure to light, and the shade-avoidance process in fully deetiolated seedlings upon exposure to vegetational shade. The intracellular signaling pathway from the light-activated photoreceptor conformer （Pfr） to the transcriptional network that drives these responses involves direct, physical inter- action of Pfr with a small subfamily of bHLH transcription factors, termed Phy-lnteracting Factors （PIFs）, which induces rapid PIF proteolytic degradation. In addition, there is evidence of further complexity in light-grown seedlings, whereby phyB-PIF interaction reciprocally induces phyB degradation, in a mutually-negative, feedback-loop configuration. Here, to assess the relative contributions of these antagonistic activities to the net phenotypic readout in light-grown seedlings, we have examined the magnitude of the light- and simulated-shade-induced responses of a pentuple phyBpiflpif3pif4pif5 （phyBpifq） mutant and various multiple pif-mutant combinations. The data （1） reaffirm that phyB is the predominant, if not exclusive, photoreceptor imposing the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation in deetiolating seedlings in response to pro- longed continuous R irradiation and （2） show that the PIF quartet （PIF1, PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5） retain and exert a dual capacity to modulate hypocotyl elongation under these conditions, by concomitantly promoting cell elongation through intrinsic transcriptional-regulatory activity, and reducing phyB-inhibitory capacity through feedback-loop-induced phyB degrada- tion. In shade-exposed seedlings, immunoblot analysis shows that the shade-imposed reduction in Pfr levels induces increases in the abundance of PIF3, and mutant analysis indicates that PIF3 acts, in conjunction with PIF4 and PIF5, to promote the known shade-induced acceleration of hypocotyl elongation. Conversel

关键词： Light regulation light signaling genetics molecular biology transcriptional control and transcription fac- tors photomorphogenesis

Control of Cell Wall Extensibility during Pollen Tube Growth

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molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 998-1017页

作者： peter K. Hepler Caleb m. Rounds Lawrence J. Winship Biology Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA School of Natural Science Hampshire College Amherst MA 01002 USA

In this review, we address the question of how the tip-growing pollen tube achieves its rapid rate of elongation while maintaining an intact cell wall. Although turgor is essential for growth to occur, the local expansion rate is controlled by local changes in the viscosity of the apical wall. We focus on several different structures and underly- ing processes that are thought to be major participants including exocytosis, the organization and activity of the actin cytoskeleton, calcium and proton physiology, and cellular energetics. We think that the actin cytoskeleton, in particular the apical cortical actin fringe, directs the flow of vesicles to the apical domain, where they fuse with the plasma mem- brane and contribute their contents to the expanding cell wall. While pH gradients, as generated by a proton-ATPase located on the plasma membrane along the side of the clear zone, may regulate rapid actin turnover and new polymeri- zation in the fringe, the tip-focused calcium gradient biases secretion towards the polar axis. The recent data showing that exocytosis of new wall material precedes and predicts the process of cell elongation provide support for the idea that the intussusception of newly secreted pectin contributes to decreases in apical wall viscosity and to cell expansion. Other prime factors will be the localization and activity of the enzyme pectin methyl-esterase, and the chelation of calcium by pectic acids. Finally, we acknowledge a role for reactive oxygen species in the control of wall viscosity.

关键词： cell expansion cell walls cytoskeleton dynamics polarity pollen development.

Improving estimates of waning immunity rates in stochastic SIRS models with a hierarchical framework

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Infectious Disease modelling 2023年第4期8卷 1127-1137页

作者： Punya Alahakoon James m.mcCaw peter GTaylor School of mathematics and Statistics The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia School of Population Health University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Kirby Institute University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

As most disease causing pathogens require transmission from an infectious individual to a susceptible individual,continued persistence of the pathogen within the population requires the replenishment of susceptibles through births,immigration,or waning *** the introduction of an unknown infectious disease into a fully susceptible population where it is not known how long immunity is conferred once an individual recovers from ***,initially,the prevalence of disease increases(that is,the infection takes off),the number of infectives will usually decrease to a low level after the first major *** this post-outbreak period,the disease dynamics may be influenced by stochastic effects and there is a non-zero probability that the epidemic will die *** out in this period following the first major outbreak is known as an epidemic *** the disease does not die out,the susceptible population may be replenished by the waning of immunity,and a second wave may *** this study,we investigate if the rate of waning immunity(and other epidemiological parameters)can be reliably estimated from multiple outbreak data,in which some outbreaks display epidemic fade-out and others do *** generated synthetic outbreak data from independent simulations of stochastic SIRS models in multiple *** outbreaks faded-out and some did *** conducted Bayesian parameter estimation under two alternative approaches:independently on each outbreak and under a hierarchical *** conducting independent estimation,the waning immunity rate was poorly estimated and biased towards zero when an epidemic fade-out was ***,under a hierarchical approach,we obtained more accurate and precise posterior estimates for the rate of waning immunity and other epidemiological *** greatest improvement in estimates was obtained for those communities in which epidemic fade-out was observed.

关键词： estimates stochastic estimation

Characterization of colonic dendritic cells in normal and colitic mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第40期11卷 6338-6347页

作者： Sheena m Cruickshank Nicholas R English peter J Felsburg Simon R Carding Institute of molecular and Cellular Biology Antigen Presentation Research Group Department of Clinical Science

AIm： Recent studies demonstrating the direct involvement of dendritic cells （DC） in the activation of pathogenic T cells in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease identify DC as important antigen presenting cells in the colon. However, very little is known about the properties of colonic DC. mETHODS： Using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and flow cytometry we have characterized and compared colonic DC in the colon of healthy animals and interleukin-2-deficient （IL2-/-） mice that develop colitis. RESULTS： In the healthy colon, DC resided within the lamina propria and in close association with the basement membrane of colonic villi. Type i myeloid （CD11c^＋, CD11b^＋, B220, CD8） DC made up the largest （40-45%） population and all DC expressed low levels of CD80, CD86, and CD40, and had high endooltic activity consistent with an immature phenotype. In colitic IL2-/- mice, colonic DC numbers increased four- to five-fold and were localized within the epithelial layer and within aggregates of T and B cells. They were also many more DC in mesenteric lymph nodes （mLN）. The majority （〉85%） of DC in the colon and mLN of IL2./ mice were type 1 myeloid, and expressed high levels of mHC class II, CD80, CD86, CD40, DEC 205, and CCR5 molecules and were of low endocytic activity consistent with mature DC. CONCLUSION： These findings demonstrate striking changes in the number, distribution and phenotype of DC in the inflamed colon. Their intimate association with lymphocytes in the colon and draining lymph nodes suggest that they may contribute directly to the ongoing inflammation in the colon.

关键词： Colonic dendritic cells Interleukin 2 Colitis

Transplantation of an eight-organ multivisceraI graft in a patient with frozen abdomen after complicated Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第27期12卷 4431-4434页

作者： Andreas Pascher Jochen Klupp Sven Kohler Jan m Langrehr peter Neuhaus Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery Charité-Universittsmedizin BerlinCampus Virchow KlinikumAugustenburgerplatz 1Berlin 13353Germany Exploratory Clinical Development Novartis Pharma AGWSJ-103.4.26CH-4002 BaselSwitzerland

To report an extended multivisceral transplantation （mVTx） including right kidney and ascending colon in a patient with complicated Crohn＇s disease （CD）. A 36-year old female suffering from short bowel syndrome and frozen abdomen due to fistulizing CD after multiple abdominal operations underwent mVTx of eight organs including stomach, pancreatoduodenal complex, liver, intestine, ascending colon, right kidney, right adrenal gland, and greater omentum in November 2003. Immunosuppression consisted of alemtuzumab, tacrolimus and steroids. The patient was off parenteral nutrition by postoperative wk 3. She experienced one episode of pneumonia. The patient recovered completely and discharged 2.5 mo and was doing well 30 mo after mVTx. This is one of the very rare cases in which a complete mulitivisceral graft of eight abdominal organs was transplanted orthotopically.

关键词： multivisceral transplantation Intestinal transplantation Crohn's disease

management of ejaculatory disorders in infertile men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第4期14卷 525-529页

作者： Yagil Barazani peter J Stahl Harris m Nagler Doron S Stember Beth Israel medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of medicine of Yeshiva University New YorkNew York 10003USA Department of Urology Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10003USA

Ejaculatory dysfunction is a highly prevalent clinical condition that may be classified along a continuum that ranges from premature ejaculation （PE）, through retarded or delayed ejaculation （DE）, to complete anejaculation （AE）. Retrograde ejaculation （RE） represents a distinct entity in which ejaculate is expelled either partially or completely into the bladder. While DE and PE are significant sources of sexual dissatisfaction among men and their partners, patients with these disorders retain normal fertility in most cases. Conversely, men with AE and RE are unable to deliver sperm into the female genital tract and are therefore rendered subfertile. Therefore, in reviewing ejaculatory disorders as they relate to fertility, this paper will primarily focus on the diagnosis and management of AE and RE. Physiology, diagnostic strategies, pharmacological treatments, and procedural interventions relevant to AE and RE are discussed.

关键词： anejaculation delayed ejaculation ejaculatory dysfunction electroejaculation penile vibratory stimulation prematureejaculation retrograde ejaculation